# ABL1

Source: https://onco.cc/targets/abl1/  
OnCo record `abl1` (Target). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

ABL1 is the kinase half of the BCR::ABL1 fusion that causes chronic myeloid leukaemia. The CML drugs bind the ABL1 kinase domain, most in its ATP pocket and asciminib in a separate pocket that locks it shut.

## Summary

ABL1 (chromosome 9q34.12) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase in cytoskeletal remodelling, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autophagy, the DNA damage response and apoptosis; it phosphorylates regulators of actin dynamics such as WASF3, ANXA1, cortactin and ENAH and of adhesion such as BCAR1, CRK, CRKL, DOK1 and NEDD9 (UniProt P00519). The t(9;22) translocation fuses it to BCR, producing the constitutively active kinase of CML and Ph-positive ALL (bcr-abl1-signalling pathway). In OnCo the ABL1 kinase domain is what dasatinib (binding active and inactive conformations, inactive against T315I), ponatinib (a type II inhibitor whose triple bond accommodates the T315I gatekeeper) and asciminib (allosteric, locking ABL1 inactive through the myristoyl pocket, active against T315I at higher dose) bind; the BCR::ABL1 target page carries the fusion and the older inhibitors.

## Fields

- Kind: Target
- Last checked: 2026-09-22
- Also known as: c-ABL; ABL; JTK7; ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase
- Tags: wave5-target
- Symbol: ABL1
- Class: kinase
- Biology: Asciminib's myristoyl-pocket mechanism is distinct from every ATP-site inhibitor, which is why it was approved for all newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML in 2024 and is being tested in Ph-positive ALL; dasatinib with blinatumomab can bring Ph-positive ALL into deep remission without chemotherapy (corpus drug records).
- Where found: Chronic myeloid leukaemia (BCR::ABL1); Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

## Notes

- Prevalence not recorded in this wave: HGNC and UniProt carry no positivity rates and no other source was consulted.

## Sources

- HGNC HGNC:76: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:76
- UniProt P00519: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P00519/entry
- NCBI Gene 25: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/25

## Connected records

- targets: [BCR::ABL1 (Philadelphia chromosome)](https://onco.cc/targets/bcr-abl/)
- cancers: [Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/all-leukemia/), [Chronic myeloid leukaemia, accelerated and blast phase](https://onco.cc/cancers/cml-advanced-phase/), [Chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic phase](https://onco.cc/cancers/cml-chronic-phase/)
- technologies: [Small-molecule kinase inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/kinase-inhibitors/)
- drugs: [Asciminib](https://onco.cc/drugs/asciminib/), [Dasatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/dasatinib/), [Ponatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/ponatinib/)
- pathways: [BCR::ABL1 (Philadelphia chromosome)](https://onco.cc/pathways/bcr-abl1-signalling/), [Chronic myeloid leukaemia (KEGG map)](https://onco.cc/pathways/cml-signalling/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/abl1.json