# AXIN1

Source: https://onco.cc/targets/axin1/  
OnCo record `axin1` (Target). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

AXIN1 (Axin-1) is a gene whose normal job is to hold cell growth in check. The public catalogues list it as a tumour suppressor, and it is called a cancer driver by mutation analysis of patient cohorts. Tied to Hepatocellular carcinoma, Oesophageal cancer, Skin cancer and 5 more.

## Summary

Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signalling. Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signalling pathway and ventralise embryos, but also dorsalises embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signalling pathway. In Wnt signalling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B.

Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.86 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes genetic literature 0.61, affected pathway 0.94, literature 0.97, genetic association 0.71, somatic mutation 0.93). IntOGen calls it a driver in 9 cohorts (0 activating, 9 loss-of-function), covering Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

## Fields

- Kind: Target
- Last checked: 2026-09-23
- Also known as: axin 1; Axin-1; PPP1R49
- Tags: cancer-genes-wave
- Symbol: AXIN1
- Class: tumor-suppressor
- Biology: Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signalling. Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signalling pathway and ventralise embryos, but also dorsalises embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signalling pathway. In Wnt signalling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B. Enhances TGF-beta signalling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting the degradation of inhibitory SMAD7. Also a component of the AXIN1-HIPK2-TP53 complex which controls cell growth, apoptosis and development. Facilitates the phosphorylation of TP53 by HIPK2 upon ultraviolet irradiation. Location: Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Membrane; Cell membrane (UniProt). Locus 16p13.3 (HGNC).
- Where found: Hepatocellular carcinoma: Open Targets association 0.79 with hepatocellular carcinoma (MONDO_0007256); IntOGen driver in 7 cohorts (HCC); Oesophageal cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (ESCA); Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.55 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898); Lung cancer: Open Targets association 0.54 with lung cancer (MONDO_0008903); Leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.50 with leukaemia (MONDO_0005059); Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (ESCA)

## Notes

- Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 9 cohorts. Evidence tier "cohort-driver" is the strongest of those signals.
- Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.

## Sources

- HGNC HGNC:903: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:903
- UniProt O15169: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O15169/entry
- NCBI Gene 8312: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8312
- Ensembl ENSG00000103126: https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000103126

## Connected records

- collections: [IntOGen](https://onco.cc/collections/intogen/), [Open Targets Platform](https://onco.cc/collections/open-targets/)
- cancers: [Glioma & glioblastoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/glioblastoma/), [Hepatocellular carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/hcc/), [Leukaemia (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/leukaemia/), [Lung cancer (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/lung-cancer/), [Melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/melanoma/), [Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/oesophageal-adenocarcinoma/), [Oesophageal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/esophageal/), [Skin cancer (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/skin-cancer/)
- pathways: [Hepatocellular carcinoma (KEGG map)](https://onco.cc/pathways/hepatocellular-carcinoma-signalling/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/axin1.json