# Basket, umbrella, and platform trials

Source: https://onco.cc/terms/basket-umbrella-platform/  
OnCo record `basket-umbrella-platform` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Trial designs that test one drug across several cancers sharing a mutation (basket, such as NCI-MATCH), several drugs each matched to a biomarker within one cancer (umbrella, such as Lung-MAP), or keep adding and dropping arms over time (platform, such as I-SPY 2). Basket results underpin tumour-agnostic approvals.

## Summary

Basket, umbrella and platform trials are designs that respectively test one drug across several cancers, several drugs within one cancer, or keep adding and dropping arms over time. Basket trials such as NCI-MATCH and TAPUR enable tumour-agnostic approvals; umbrella trials such as Lung-MAP allow efficient biomarker-driven testing; and platform trials such as I-SPY 2 in breast cancer randomise adaptively, graduating drugs on predicted pCR. The term is referenced by the STAMPEDE and myeloMATCH trials, by the technologies Digital twins and virtual control arms and N-of-1 and rapid platform trials, and by Nicholas James, Zhi-Ming Shao, Angela DeMichele and Laura J. Esserman. It addresses the bottlenecks on rare cancers without markets, slow trial enrolment and trial design and cost.

## Fields

- Kind: Term
- Last checked: 2026-09-04
- Also known as: basket trial; basket trials; umbrella trial; umbrella trials; platform trial; platform trials; master protocol trial; multi-arm multi-stage; MAMS; shared control arm; common control arm; perpetual trial

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basket_trial
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basket_trial

## Connected records

- terms: [Basket trial](https://onco.cc/terms/basket-trial/), [Clinical trial](https://onco.cc/terms/clinical-trial/), [Master protocol (platform, basket and umbrella trials)](https://onco.cc/terms/master-protocol/), [Off-label](https://onco.cc/terms/off-label/), [Phase 1, 2 and 3 trials](https://onco.cc/terms/trial-phases/), [Rare cancers](https://onco.cc/terms/rare-cancers/), [Response-adaptive randomisation](https://onco.cc/terms/response-adaptive-randomisation/), [Seamless, adaptive and Bayesian trial designs](https://onco.cc/terms/seamless-adaptive/), [Single-arm trial](https://onco.cc/terms/single-arm/), [Trial protocol and statistical analysis plan](https://onco.cc/terms/trial-protocol/), [Tumour-agnostic (tissue-agnostic) approval](https://onco.cc/terms/tumour-agnostic/), [Umbrella trial](https://onco.cc/terms/umbrella-trial/)
- trials: [ALCHEMIST (Adjuvant Lung Cancer Enrichment Marker Identification and Sequencing Trials)](https://onco.cc/trials/alchemist/), [Beat AML Master Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/beat-aml-master-trial/), [ComboMATCH (EAY191)](https://onco.cc/trials/combomatch/), [ComboMATCH: FOLFOX with or without binimetinib in second-line biliary tract cancer with MAPK pathway alterations](https://onco.cc/trials/combomatch-binimetinib-folfox/), [CUPISCO](https://onco.cc/trials/cupisco/), [DART (SWOG S1609): nivolumab plus ipilimumab in rare tumours](https://onco.cc/trials/dart-s1609/), [DETERMINE](https://onco.cc/trials/determine-trial/), [DETERMINE arm 04: trastuzumab with pertuzumab in HER2-amplified or mutated rare cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/determine-arm04/), [FOCUS4](https://onco.cc/trials/focus4/), [I-PREDICT](https://onco.cc/trials/i-predict/), [KEYNOTE-158](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-158/), [Lung-MAP (SWOG S1400 and S1900)](https://onco.cc/trials/lung-map/), [Lung-MAP S1400I: nivolumab with or without ipilimumab](https://onco.cc/trials/lung-map-s1400i/), [Lung-MAP S1800A: ramucirumab plus pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/trials/lung-map-s1800a/), [myeloMATCH](https://onco.cc/trials/myelomatch/), [MyPathway](https://onco.cc/trials/mypathway/), [National Lung Matrix Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/national-lung-matrix-trial/), [NAVIGATE](https://onco.cc/trials/navigate/), [NCI-COG Pediatric MATCH (APEC1621)](https://onco.cc/trials/pediatric-match/), [NCI-MATCH (EAY131)](https://onco.cc/trials/nci-match/), [plasmaMATCH](https://onco.cc/trials/plasmamatch/), [ROAR (anaplastic thyroid cancer cohort)](https://onco.cc/trials/roar-atc/), [ROAR (Rare Oncology Agnostic Research) basket: BRAF V600E biliary tract cancer cohort](https://onco.cc/trials/roar/), [SAFIR-ABC10](https://onco.cc/trials/safir-abc10/), [STAMPEDE](https://onco.cc/trials/stampede/), [TAPUR (Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry)](https://onco.cc/trials/tapur/), [WINTHER](https://onco.cc/trials/winther/)
- institutions: [Garvan Institute of Medical Research / Kinghorn Cancer Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/garvan-institute/), [Institut National du Cancer](https://onco.cc/institutions/inca/), [Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/oslo-radium-hospital/), [UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/ucsf/), [University College London Hospitals / UCL Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/uclh/)
- technologies: [Digital twins and virtual control arms](https://onco.cc/technologies/digital-twins-trials/), [N-of-1 and rapid platform trials](https://onco.cc/technologies/n-of-1-platforms/)
- people: [Angela DeMichele](https://onco.cc/people/angela-demichele/), [Laura J. Esserman](https://onco.cc/people/laura-esserman/), [Nicholas James](https://onco.cc/people/nicholas-james/), [Zhi-Ming Shao](https://onco.cc/people/shao-zhi-ming/)
- bottlenecks: [Rare and paediatric cancers without markets](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-rare-cancers/), [Too many combinations to test](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-combination-space/), [Trial design, endpoints and cost](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-trial-design/), [Trials enrol too few, too slowly](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-trial-enrolment/)
- ideas: [A DRUP-style protocol for off-label generic targeted drugs in rare tumours](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-reg-generic-targeted-therapy-drup/), [A global first-in-human network for academic cancer trials with single ethics review](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-global-academic-phase-one-network/), [A multi-cancer platform trial of adaptive (dose-holiday) therapy](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio1-adaptive-therapy-platform/), [A national platform trial that every ctDNA-positive patient can join](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-national-mrd-platform/), [A neutral platform trial for radiotherapy plus immunotherapy combinations](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-rt-io-platform/), [A permanent neutral non-profit sponsor for multi-company platform trials](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-neutral-platform-sponsor/), [A permanent platform trial for supportive-care interventions inside cooperative groups](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-supportive-care-platform-trial/), [A perpetual platform trial in every major cancer, funded as infrastructure](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-perpetual-platforms/), [A platform trial of very-low-cost metronomic chemotherapy in LMIC common cancers](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-metronomic-lmic-platform-trial/), [A RECOVERY-style permanent platform trial of cheap drugs added to cancer care](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-reg-recovery-style-platform-repurposing/), [A standard for tumour-agnostic approvals: minimum histologies and hierarchical modelling](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-tumour-agnostic-approval-standard/), [A standing platform trial for every major cancer, funded as infrastructure](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-standing-platform-per-cancer/), [A standing platform trial that assigns treatment by how the tumour escaped](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio1-resistance-platform-trial/), [Adopt tumour-agnostic cancer drug labels across regions by reliance, not re-review](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-reg-tumour-agnostic-reliance/), [Agree in advance how to borrow evidence between similar rare cancers](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-bayesian-borrowing-acceptance/), [Automated combination discovery: patient-sample screens feeding Bayesian platform trials](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-automated-combination-discovery/), [Competing sponsors share one control arm in the same indication](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-shared-control-arms-across-sponsors/), [Just-in-time site activation: open a site in two weeks when a patient appears](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-just-in-time-site-network/), [Let the trial learn: response-adaptive allocation across many combination arms](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-bandit-allocation/), [Multi-arm, multi-stage trials to answer which order to give approved drugs](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-mams-for-sequencing-questions/), [One ethics approval and one consent form for a platform trial across countries](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-platform-single-ethics/), [One global rare cancer network with n-of-1 and Bayesian trial frameworks](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-rare-cancer-global-network/), [One master trial for cancer prevention drugs across many precancers](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-chemoprevention-master-protocol/), [One standing umbrella trial for all rare cancers in a country](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-rare-cancer-umbrella-platform/), [Pre-surgery platform trials that test combinations on pathological response in months](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-neoadjuvant-combo-platform/), [Randomise inside the registry that already follows every patient](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-registry-embedded-randomisation/), [Shared concurrent control arms across sponsors' trials in the same setting](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-shared-control-network/), [Standards for external control arms built from federated real-world data](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-data-external-control-arm-standard/), [Trial-in-a-box: a preconfigured protocol kit any hospital can open for a rare cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-rare-cancer-trial-in-a-box/)
- collections: [National Brain Tumor Society (NBTS)](https://onco.cc/collections/national-brain-tumor-society/), [Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN)](https://onco.cc/collections/pancan/)
- key papers: [STAMPEDE: adding abiraterone to hormone therapy at diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-stampede-abiraterone-nejm-2017/)
- companies: [Korean Cancer Study Group](https://onco.cc/companies/kcsg/)

---
JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/basket-umbrella-platform.json