# Cetuximab

Source: https://onco.cc/drugs/cetuximab/  
OnCo record `cetuximab` (Treatment). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Cetuximab is a chimeric antibody that blocks the EGFR growth receptor. It is used with FOLFIRI or FOLFOX in RAS wild-type, left-sided bowel cancer, with encorafenib in BRAF V600E disease, with KRAS G12C inhibitors, and with radiation or chemotherapy in head and neck cancer; RAS-mutant tumours gain nothing and may be harmed, so RAS testing comes first.

## Summary

Chimeric IgG1 anti-EGFR. First-line with FOLFIRI/FOLFOX in RAS/BRAF wild-type, left-sided mCRC; with encorafenib (± chemotherapy) in BRAF V600E; with KRAS G12C inhibitors (adagrasib); in head and neck cancer with radiation or chemotherapy. Requires RAS testing (KRAS and NRAS exons 2-4) because RAS-mutant tumours do not benefit and may be harmed. Acneiform rash correlates with response; infusion reactions and hypomagnesaemia are characteristic. Biosimilars are emerging.

## Fields

- Kind: Treatment
- Status: approved
- Last checked: 2026-09-07
- Brand: Erbitux
- Modality: Monoclonal antibody (anti-EGFR)
- Mechanism: Binds EGFR domain III, blocking ligand binding and dimerisation; also ADCC via IgG1 Fc.
- Approvals: US 2004: EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (later restricted to RAS wild-type); US 2006: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with radiation; US 2020: BRAF V600E mCRC with encorafenib; US 2024: KRAS G12C mCRC with adagrasib; EU 2004: EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer; later restricted to RAS wild-type; England (NICE) 2017: Previously untreated EGFR-expressing RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI
- Dosing: Intravenous; 400 mg/m² loading then 250 mg/m² weekly, or 500 mg/m² every 2 weeks

## Notes

- Colorectal cancer biomarkers: eligibility is extended RAS wild-type (KRAS and NRAS exons 2, 3 and 4) plus, in practice, a left-sided primary. RAS mutation predicts no benefit at all, with overall survival hazard ratios of 0.55 in wild-type and 0.98 in mutant tumours against supportive care (Karapetis 2008), and side is predictive as well as prognostic: overall survival hazard ratio 0.75 on the left and 1.12 on the right (Arnold 2017, Tejpar 2017). Acquired resistance appears as RAS-mutant clones in plasma months before progression (Misale 2012, Diaz 2012).

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetuximab
- FDA label: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/125084s279lbl.pdf
- NICE TA439: cetuximab and panitumumab for previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta439
- EMA Erbitux: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/erbitux

## Connected records

- biomarkers: [BRAF V600E (and V600K)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/braf-v600e/), [KRAS G12C](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/kras-g12c/), [KRAS G12D (and other non-G12C KRAS mutations)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/kras-g12d/), [RAS wild-type (extended KRAS and NRAS testing)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/ras-wild-type/)
- cancers: [Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-cutaneous-scc/), [BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/braf-v600e-colorectal/), [Colon cancer (adenocarcinoma of the colon)](https://onco.cc/cancers/colon-cancer/), [Colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal/), [Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/cutaneous-scc/), [Early-onset colorectal cancer (under 50)](https://onco.cc/cancers/early-onset-colorectal/), [Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/), [HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (including HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer)](https://onco.cc/cancers/hpv-negative-head-and-neck-cancer/), [HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/hpv-positive-oropharyngeal-cancer/), [Hypopharyngeal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/hypopharyngeal-cancer/), [KRAS G12C-mutant colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/kras-g12c-colorectal/), [Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/laryngeal-cancer/), [Oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil and base of tongue)](https://onco.cc/cancers/oropharyngeal-cancer/), [Rectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/rectal-cancer/), [Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/recurrent-metastatic-hnscc/), [Serrated adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal-serrated-adenocarcinoma/)
- technologies: [Monoclonal antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/monoclonal-antibody/), [Radiosensitisers](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiosensitisers/)
- targets: [EGFR](https://onco.cc/targets/egfr/), [NRAS](https://onco.cc/targets/nras/)
- companies: [Eli Lilly (incl. Loxo)](https://onco.cc/companies/eli-lilly/), [Merck & Co. (MSD)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck/), [Merck KGaA (EMD Serono)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck-kgaa/)
- pathways: [Colorectal cancer (KEGG map)](https://onco.cc/pathways/colorectal-cancer-signalling/), [NK-cell recognition: missing self & stress ligands](https://onco.cc/pathways/nk-cell-recognition/), [RAS / RAF / MEK / ERK (MAPK)](https://onco.cc/pathways/ras-mapk/), [Receptor tyrosine kinase activation](https://onco.cc/pathways/rtk-activation/), [Resistance routes: how a blocked pathway comes back](https://onco.cc/pathways/resistance-routes-map/)
- trials: [A Clinical Study of Calderasib (MK-1084) in People With Advanced Solid Tumors (MK-1084-014)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07209111/), [A Clinical Study of MK-1084 With Other Treatments for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-3475-01F)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07286149/), [A First-in-human, Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of SAR445877 in Adult Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05584670/), [A Multicenter Phase 1b/2 Study of Adagrasib, Cetuximab, and Cemiplimab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Harboring KRAS G12C Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06412198/), [A Phase 1/2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07020221/), [A Phase 2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07659795/), [A Phase 2 Study of VS-7375 in Patients With KRAS G12D-Mutated Pancreatic Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07644559/), [A Phase Ib/II Study of an Anti-HER3 Antibody, HMBD-001, With Cetuximab +/- Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous Cell Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05910827/), [A Phase II Clinical Study of HRS-7058 in Combination With Antitumor Drugs in Patients With Advanced Malignant Tumour](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06915142/), [A Phase II Study of AMT-676 Combination Therapies in Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07474727/), [A Phase II Study of Sintilimab Combined With Ipilimumab N01, Cetuximab and Dabrafenib in Patients With Microsatellite-Stable, BRAF V600E-Mutated Metastatic Colo](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07506109/), [A Solid Tumor Study for Long Term Treatment of Cancer Patients Who Participated in Adagrasib Studies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07415031/), [A Study of Amivantamab and FOLFIRI Versus Cetuximab/Bevacizumab and FOLFIRI in Participants With KRAS/NRAS and BRAF Wild-type Colorectal Cancer Who Have Previously Received Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06750094/), [A Study of Amivantamab and mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI Versus Cetuximab and mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI as First-line Treatment in Participants With KRAS/NRAS and BRAF Wild-type Unresectable or Metastatic Left-sided Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06662786/), [A Study of D3S-001 Monotherapy or Combination Therapy in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors With a KRAS p.G12C Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05410145/), [A Study of Durvalumab (MEDI4736) and Monalizumab in Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02671435/), [A Study of Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab Taken Together With Pembrolizumab Compared to Pembrolizumab Alone in People With Previously Untreated Metastatic](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05217446/), [A Study of GFH276 Combined With Cetuximab or Chemotherapy in Participants With Solid Tumors and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Harboring RAS Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07678593/), [A Study of GFH375 Combined With Cetuximab or Chemotherapy in Participants With Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS G12D Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07259590/), [A Study of HRS-4642 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS G12D Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06385678/), [A Study of Olomorasib (LY3537982) in Participants With Advanced Colorectal Cancer and a KRAS G12C Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07814417/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of BMS-986523 Alone and in Combination With Anti-Cancer Agents in Participants With Advance](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07223047/), [A Trial of SHR-A2102 With Adebrelimab With or Without Other Anti-tumor Therapies in Recurrent/MetastaticHead and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07059221/), [AK129 Combination Therapy for Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06943820/), [Alliance N0147](https://onco.cc/trials/n0147/), [Allogeneic NK Cell Therapy Combined With Standard Maintenance Treatment in Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07551778/), [BEACON CRC](https://onco.cc/trials/beacon-crc/), [Becotatug Vedotin Combined With Cetuximab in the Later-line Treatment of Metastatic RAS Wild-type Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07490119/), [Bevacizumab, Sintilimab, Cetuximab and Irinotecan in Refractory RAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: BOND-4 Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07722754/), [Bonner trial (cetuximab plus radiotherapy)](https://onco.cc/trials/bonner-cetuximab-rt/), [BREAKWATER](https://onco.cc/trials/breakwater/), [CALGB/SWOG 80405](https://onco.cc/trials/calgb-80405/), [CAVE mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/cave/), [Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan in Patients With NeoRAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer In Third-line Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05962502/), [Cetuximab, Irinotecan, Toripalimab in RAS/BRAF Wild-type Ultraselected Right-sided Colorectal Cancer Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06547203/), [Clinical Study of Irinotecan Liposome (II)-Based Combination Treatment for Irinotecan-resistant Colorectal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07044921/), [Clinical Study of Second-line Treatment in Advanced Colorectal Cancer With Chemotherapy With Bevacizumab or Cetuximab](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06540326/), [Clinical Trial of SIBP-03 in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06194656/), [Combination Therapy for BRAF-V600E Metastatic CRCm](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06411600/), [Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Enlituo® Versus Erbitux® Plus FOLFOX in Locally Advanced/Metastatic Colorectal Cancer With RAS/BRAF Wild-type and MSS/pMMR Stat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07595276/), [Continuation of Cetuximab Beyond First-Line Progression in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07389265/), [CRYSTAL & FIRE-3](https://onco.cc/trials/crystal-fire3/), [ctDNA-Guided Cetuximab or Bevacizumab Plus Trifluridine/Tipiracil in RAS/BRAF Wild-Type mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07012954/), [De-ESCALaTE HPV](https://onco.cc/trials/de-escalate/), [Dual Administration Of Intraperitoneal And Intravenous TROP2-Directed CAR-NK With TGF-Beta Receptor 2 (TGFBR2) Knock Out (KO) Therapy For Colorectal Cancer-Rela](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07411599/), [Dual EGFR/HER2 Blockade Combined With Irinotecan for the Treatment of HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07059338/), [Efficacy of Tunlametinib in Combination With Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With RAS-Mutated Advanced Gastrointestinal Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07446270/), [Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab in a Neoadjuvant Setting in Patients With BRAF Mutation Localised Colon or Upper Rectum Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05706779/), [Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies for NeoRAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Based on Circulating Tumor DNA](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06440902/), [FID-007 and Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06332092/), [FOLFOX8 Versus mFOLFOX6 With Bevacizumab or Cetuximab for First-Line Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Phase II)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07621497/), [Fruquintinib Plus Anti-EGFR Antibody for Third-Line Treatment of RAS Wild-Type mCRC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07724223/), [HSK42360-Na Tablets Combined With Cetuximab With or Without Chemotherapy in BRAF V600-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07790510/), [Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Plus Immunotherapy Versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06928584/), [IBI351 Plus Cetuximab β in Untreated Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With KRAS G12C Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07198841/), [Irinotecan Liposomes Combined with Cetuximab + Vermofenib in First-line Failure of Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06763029/), [JAB-21822 in Combination With Cetuximab in Patients With Advanced CRC and Other Solid Tumors With KRAS G12C Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05194995/), [KEYMAKER-U01 Substudy 01J: A Study of Pembrolizumab Plus MK-1084 in Participants With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) G12C Mutations (MK-3475-01J/KEYMAKER-U01J)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07252739/), [MOUNTAINEER](https://onco.cc/trials/mountaineer/), [MOUNTAINEER-03](https://onco.cc/trials/mountaineer-03/), [MRC COIN](https://onco.cc/trials/coin/), [NCIC CO.17](https://onco.cc/trials/co-17/), [New EPOC](https://onco.cc/trials/new-epoc/), [Open-label Phase 2 Study of Avutometinib (RAF/MEK Clamp) in Combination With Defactinib (FAK Inhibitor) and Cetuximab in Patients With Unresectable, Anti-EGFR-R](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06369259/), [OPUS](https://onco.cc/trials/opus/), [Other Oncogene Mutations for Anti-EGFR Efficacy in Patients With Left-sided RAS-wild Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06226857/), [Pembrolizumab Plus Epacadostat, Pembrolizumab Monotherapy, and the EXTREME Regimen in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (KEYNOTE-669/ECHO-304)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03358472/), [PETACC-8](https://onco.cc/trials/petacc-8/), [Phase 1/2 Study of MRTX849 in Patients With Cancer Having a KRAS G12C Mutation KRYSTAL-1](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03785249/), [Phase 1/2 Trial of S241656 in Selected RAS/MAPK Mutation- Positive Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05786924/), [Phase 3 Study of MRTX849 With Cetuximab vs Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer With KRAS G12C Mutation (KRYSTAL-10)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04793958/), [PhII ICb With/Without Erbitux in MBC Pts](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00248287/), [Platform Study of JDQ443 in Combinations in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring the KRAS G12C Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05358249/), [PRIME](https://onco.cc/trials/prime/), [Rollover Study for Participants Who Have Been Treated With and Are Continuing to Benefit From Opnurasib as a Single Agent or in Combination With Other](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07468071/), [ROMANCE: "Irinotecan Plus Cetuximab Rechallenge Versus Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab in Molecularly Selected Metastatic Colorectal Cancer"](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07381764/), [RTOG 0617](https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-0617/), [RTOG 1016](https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-1016/), [SCRT + Chemo Targeted Immuno-neoadjuvant Therapy for High-risk pMMR/MSS RC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07549399/), [Study for Participants Continuing From Pfizer-sponsored Palbociclib (a Study Medicine) Studies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05226871/), [Study in mCRC Patients RAS/BRAF wt Tissue and RAS Mutated LIquid BIopsy to Compare FOLFIRI Plus CetuxiMAb or BevacizumaB](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04776655/), [Study of LY3537982 in Cancer Patients With a Specific Genetic Mutation (KRAS G12C)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04956640/), [Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Chemotherapy in Chinese Participants With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (MK-3475-C66)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05239741/), [Study of Petosemtamab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Cetuximab or Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy in RAS and BRAF Wild Type, Recurrent, Unresectable or Metast](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07775287/), [Study of Petosemtamab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Cetuximab Plus Chemotherapy in RAS and BRAF Wild-type, Unresectable or Metastatic, Left-sided Colorecta](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07702032/), [Study of RAS(ON) Inhibitors in Patients With Gastrointestinal Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06445062/), [Study to Evaluate D-1553 in Subjects With Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04585035/), [Study to Investigate Outcome of Individualized Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05725200/), [SWOG S1406](https://onco.cc/trials/swog-s1406/), [TAPUR (Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry)](https://onco.cc/trials/tapur/), [Testing Pump Chemotherapy in Addition to Standard of Care Chemotherapy Versus Standard of Care Chemotherapy Alone for Patients With Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: The PUMP Trial](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05863195/), [Testing the Use of BRAF-Targeted Therapy After Surgery and Usual Chemotherapy for BRAF-Mutated Colon Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05710406/), [The Combination of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05628038/), [The Phase 1b/IIa, Open-label, Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of the Combination of HCB101, Cetuxi](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07204574/), [TPExtreme (GORTEC 2014-01)](https://onco.cc/trials/tpextreme/), [Umbrella Trial of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07503639/)
- key papers: [A molecularly annotated platform of patient-derived xenografts identifies HER2 as an effective therapeutic target in cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bertotti-xenopatients-her2-cetuximab-resistant-colorectal-cancer-discov-2011/), [Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRYSTAL)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-van-cutsem-crystal-cetuximab-folfiri-nejm-2009/), [De-ESCALaTE HPV: radiotherapy plus cisplatin or cetuximab in low-risk HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-de-escalate-lancet-2019/), [Effect of first-line chemotherapy combined with cetuximab or bevacizumab on overall survival in KRAS wild-type advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CALGB/SWOG 80405)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-venook-calgb-80405-cetuximab-vs-bevacizumab-jama-2017/), [Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-misale-kras-acquired-resistance-anti-egfr-colorectal-nature-2012/), [Encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab in BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer (BEACON CRC)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kopetz-beacon-encorafenib-braf-colorectal-nejm-2019/), [EXTREME: platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-extreme-vermorken-nejm-2008/), [FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-heinemann-fire-3-cetuximab-vs-bevacizumab-lancet-oncol-2014/), [Impact of consensus molecular subtype on survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results from CALGB/SWOG 80405](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lenz-cms-calgb-swog-80405-jco-2019/), [K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-karapetis-kras-cetuximab-colorectal-nejm-2008/), [KRYSTAL-1: adagrasib with or without cetuximab in KRAS G12C-mutated colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-krystal-1-crc-yaeger-nejm-2023/), [NRG Oncology RTOG 1016: radiotherapy plus cetuximab versus cisplatin in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-rtog-1016-lancet-2019/), [Phase II trial of cetuximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin followed by chemoradiation with cetuximab for locally advanced (T4) pancreatic adenocarcinoma: correlation of Smad4(Dpc4) immunostaining with pattern of disease progression](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-crane-smad4-progression-pattern-locally-advanced-jco-2011/), [Prognostic and predictive relevance of primary tumor location in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: retrospective analyses of the CRYSTAL and FIRE-3 trials](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tejpar-tumour-location-crystal-fire3-jama-oncol-2017/), [Prognostic and predictive value of primary tumour side in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy and EGFR directed antibodies in six randomized trials](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-arnold-primary-tumour-side-ras-wild-type-ann-oncol-2017/), [Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bonner-cetuximab-radiotherapy-nejm-2006/), [TPExtreme (GORTEC 2014-01): docetaxel, cisplatin and cetuximab versus the EXTREME regimen in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-tpextreme-lancet-oncol-2021/)
- pairings: [Anti-EGFR antibody + chemotherapy in left-sided RAS/BRAF wild-type mCRC](https://onco.cc/pairings/anti-egfr-left-sided/)
- people: [Carsten Bokemeyer](https://onco.cc/people/carsten-bokemeyer/), [Dongsheng Tu](https://onco.cc/people/tu-dongsheng/), [Josep Tabernero](https://onco.cc/people/josep-tabernero/), [Ryan B. Corcoran](https://onco.cc/people/ryan-corcoran/), [Tim Maughan](https://onco.cc/people/tim-maughan/), [Volker Heinemann](https://onco.cc/people/volker-heinemann/)
- roadmaps: [Colorectal cancer roadmap: from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the first screening trials to total mesorectal excision, oxaliplatin, RAS testing, immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease, ctDNA-guided treatment and organ preservation](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/colorectal-roadmap/)
- terms: [Anti-EGFR rechallenge](https://onco.cc/terms/anti-egfr-rechallenge/), [Colorectal cancer drugs in England: what NICE has recommended](https://onco.cc/terms/colorectal-uk-drug-access/), [Infusion reactions, hypersensitivity and extravasation](https://onco.cc/terms/extravasation-infusion-reaction/), [Living with FOLFOX, CAPOX, FOLFIRI and the EGFR antibodies](https://onco.cc/terms/chemotherapy-side-effects-colorectal/), [Rash and skin toxicity (acneiform rash, paronychia)](https://onco.cc/terms/rash-skin-toxicity/)
- drugs: [Necitumumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/necitumumab/), [Nimotuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nimotuzumab/), [Tempus xT CDx](https://onco.cc/drugs/tempus-xt-cdx/), [therascreen companion diagnostic kits (KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, FGFR, BRAF)](https://onco.cc/drugs/therascreen-cdx/)
- institutions: [UPMC Hillman Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/upmc-hillman/)

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