# Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/  
OnCo record `cholangiocarcinoma` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile ducts or gallbladder. It is rare and often found late, but it turned out to carry more targetable mutations than almost any other gastrointestinal cancer, and immunotherapy now adds to chemotherapy from the first treatment.

## Summary

Biliary tract cancers comprise intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA, rising in incidence), perihilar and distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. They share late presentation (jaundice, weight loss) and dependence on surgical resection as the only cure, achievable in a minority, which keeps five-year survival under 20%. Risk factors differ by region: liver flukes and hepatolithiasis in East Asia, primary sclerosing cholangitis in the West, gallstones and chronic inflammation for gallbladder cancer. Biliary drainage is usually a prerequisite for any treatment.

The systemic landscape was gemcitabine-cisplatin alone from ABC-02 (2010) until TOPAZ-1 (durvalumab, 2022) and KEYNOTE-966 (pembrolizumab, 2023) added PD-(L)1 blockade with a modest median benefit but a doubling of two-year survival. Adjuvant capecitabine (BILCAP) is standard after resection. What sets biliary cancer apart is its genomic actionability: roughly 40% of intrahepatic tumours carry FGFR2 fusions (pemigatinib, futibatinib), IDH1 mutations (ivosidenib), HER2 amplification or overexpression (zanidatamab, trastuzumab deruxtecan), NRG1 fusions (zenocutuzumab, approved 2026), BRAF V600E, or MSI-high status, so molecular profiling at diagnosis is guideline-mandated.

The frontier is moving targeted agents into first line (HERIZON-BTC-302 for zanidatamab), overcoming FGFR-inhibitor resistance (tinengotinib in FIRST-308, lirafugratinib), ctDNA-guided sequencing, and finding a biomarker for the immunotherapy long-tail. Liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar tumours (Mayo protocol) and for selected intrahepatic disease is expanding. Open problems include second-line therapy after chemo-immunotherapy, gallbladder cancer's neglect in trials, and early detection in high-risk groups such as primary sclerosing cholangitis.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-04
- Also known as: Bile Duct Cancer
- Tags: gi; spike
- Group: gastrointestinal
- Burden: About 210,000 cases per year worldwide; incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has roughly doubled in Western countries over 30 years; gallbladder cancer is endemic in Chile, northern India, and among Indigenous Americans.
- Subtypes: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (FGFR2 fusion ~10-15%, IDH1 ~15%); Perihilar (Klatskin) cholangiocarcinoma; Distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; Gallbladder carcinoma (HER2 ~15-20%); Fluke-associated (Opisthorchis, Clonorchis); PSC-associated
- Biomarkers: FGFR2 fusions (~15% intrahepatic); IDH1 (~15%); HER2 (~15% extrahepatic/gallbladder); NRG1; MSI; BRAF; FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements (RNA or DNA NGS); IDH1 mutation; HER2 amplification / IHC 3+; NRG1 fusion; BRAF V600E; MSI/dMMR; KRAS, TP53 (prognostic); CA 19-9 (monitoring); PD-L1 (not predictive so far)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/#overview [2 subtypes, 6 state-of-the-art points]
- What it is (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/#what-it-is [8 subtypes, 5 sites of spread]
- Finding it (on the hub): How it shows itself, how it is confirmed, what screening exists, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/#finding-it [15 biomarkers, 3 prevalence rows]
- Treating it (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/#treating-it [12 settings, 3 regimens, 7 decisions with options]
- Evidence (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/evidence/ [206 trials, 24 key papers, 15 milestones]
- The science (on the hub): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/#science [32 targets, 4 pathways, 5 preclinical models]
- Where you are (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, and the expert centres with trials on record. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/where-you-are/ [25 centres]
- Living with it (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/#living-with-it [32 questions, 6 red cards]
- What is coming (own page): Everything in development, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/coming/ [32 medicines, 206 trials, 8 ideas, 9 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/data/ [434 connected records]

## Standard of care

- Resectable: Surgery + adjuvant capecitabine.
- Advanced: Gem-cis + PD-(L)1; targeted therapy by genotype second line. ([Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Zanidatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanidatamab/), [Zenocutuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zenocutuzumab/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/))
- Diagnosis and staging: Contrast CT/MRI with MRCP; ERCP or EUS-guided biopsy; molecular profiling (DNA + RNA NGS) for all advanced disease; biliary drainage if jaundiced. ([Comprehensive genomic profiling](https://onco.cc/technologies/cgp/), [RNA sequencing & expression profiling](https://onco.cc/technologies/rna-seq/), [Biliary stenting and drainage](https://onco.cc/technologies/biliary-stenting-drainage/), [MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/))
- Resectable: Margin-negative resection (hepatectomy, Whipple, or radical cholecystectomy) with lymphadenectomy; adjuvant capecitabine 6 months (BILCAP). ([BILCAP](https://onco.cc/trials/bilcap/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/))
- Unresectable perihilar in selected patients: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation then liver transplantation (Mayo protocol) at experienced centres. ([Liver transplantation for cancer (Milan criteria and beyond)](https://onco.cc/technologies/liver-transplant-oncology/))
- Advanced, first line: Gemcitabine-cisplatin + durvalumab (TOPAZ-1) or + pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-966); zanidatamab added in HER2+ disease within HERIZON-BTC-302. ([TOPAZ-1](https://onco.cc/trials/topaz-1/), [KEYNOTE-966](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-966/), [Gemcitabine + cisplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/gemcitabine-cisplatin/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [HERIZON-BTC-302](https://onco.cc/trials/herizon-btc-302/))
- Advanced, FGFR2 fusion after chemotherapy: Pemigatinib or futibatinib; tinengotinib in FIRST-308 after progression. ([Pemigatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/pemigatinib/), [Futibatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/futibatinib/), [Tinengotinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/tinengotinib/), [FIGHT-202](https://onco.cc/trials/fight-202/), [FOENIX-CCA2](https://onco.cc/trials/foenix-cca2/), [FIRST-308](https://onco.cc/trials/first-308/))
- Advanced, IDH1 mutation after chemotherapy: Ivosidenib (ClarIDHy). ([Ivosidenib](https://onco.cc/drugs/ivosidenib/), [ClarIDHy](https://onco.cc/trials/claridhy/))
- Advanced, HER2-positive after chemotherapy: Zanidatamab (IHC 3+ or amplified); trastuzumab deruxtecan (IHC 3+, tumour-agnostic). ([Zanidatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanidatamab/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/))
- Advanced, other alterations: Zenocutuzumab (NRG1 fusion, approved 2026); dabrafenib-trametinib (BRAF V600E); pembrolizumab or dostarlimab (MSI-H/dMMR); larotrectinib/entrectinib (NTRK). ([Zenocutuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zenocutuzumab/), [Dabrafenib + trametinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/dabrafenib-trametinib/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/))
- Second-line, no target: FOLFOX (ABC-06, modest benefit); liposomal irinotecan/5-FU had conflicting results (NIFTY positive, NALIRICC negative); clinical trials preferred. ([NALIRICC (AIO)](https://onco.cc/trials/naliricc/), [Cytotoxic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/))
- Locoregional (intrahepatic, liver-confined): Y-90 radioembolisation, hepatic arterial infusion pump chemotherapy, or SBRT at specialised centres; no phase 3 proof of survival benefit. ([Radioembolisation (TARE / SIRT, yttrium-90)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radioembolisation-tare/), [SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/sbrt/))

## State of the art

- Genotype-directed therapy in ~40% of patients.
- Chemo-immunotherapy first line with a doubling of two-year survival (TOPAZ-1, KEYNOTE-966).
- Four biomarker-directed drug classes approved (FGFR2, IDH1, HER2, NRG1), plus tumour-agnostic BRAF, MSI-H and NTRK options: ~40% of intrahepatic tumours have an actionable alteration.
- Next-generation FGFR inhibitors targeting resistance mutations are in phase 3 (FIRST-308).
- Zanidatamab moving into first line for HER2-positive disease (HERIZON-BTC-302).
- Liver transplantation protocols extend curative options to selected unresectable perihilar tumours.

## Open problems

- FGFR inhibitor resistance.
- Late diagnosis.
- Median survival in advanced disease is still barely a year; the immunotherapy benefit is a small tail with no predictive biomarker.
- FGFR inhibitor resistance (polyclonal kinase-domain mutations) limits benefit to ~7-9 months; sequencing next-generation agents is unproven.
- Second-line chemotherapy is weak (FOLFOX) and evidence for liposomal irinotecan is contradictory.
- Gallbladder cancer is under-represented in trials despite distinct biology and high HER2 prevalence.
- Early detection in primary sclerosing cholangitis and fluke-endemic regions is unsolved; CA 19-9 is non-specific.
- Molecular testing is slow and tissue is scarce from brushings; liquid biopsy adoption lags.
- Adjuvant evidence rests on a technically negative trial (BILCAP); immunotherapy adjuvant trials are ongoing.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma

## Connected records

- pairings: [Gemcitabine-cisplatin + PD-(L)1 blockade in biliary cancer](https://onco.cc/pairings/gemcis-plus-io-btc/)
- cancers: [Ampullary cancer (ampulla of Vater)](https://onco.cc/cancers/ampullary/), [Biliary tract cancer (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/biliary-tract-cancer/), [Cystic duct carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/cystic-duct-carcinoma/), [Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (perihilar and distal)](https://onco.cc/cancers/extrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/), [Gallbladder adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/gallbladder-adenocarcinoma/), [Gallbladder cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/gallbladder/), [Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/intrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/), [KRAS wild-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/kras-wild-type-pdac/)
- technologies: [Biliary stenting and drainage](https://onco.cc/technologies/biliary-stenting-drainage/), [Bispecific antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/bispecific-antibody/), [Comprehensive genomic profiling](https://onco.cc/technologies/cgp/), [Cytotoxic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/), [Endoscopic ultrasound and EBUS systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/endoscopic-ultrasound-systems/), [FAPI PET](https://onco.cc/technologies/fapi-pet/), [IDH inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/idh-inhibitors/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)](https://onco.cc/technologies/liquid-biopsy/), [Liver transplantation for cancer (Milan criteria and beyond)](https://onco.cc/technologies/liver-transplant-oncology/), [MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/), [Percutaneous hepatic perfusion (chemosaturation)](https://onco.cc/technologies/percutaneous-hepatic-perfusion/), [Photodynamic therapy lasers and light sources](https://onco.cc/technologies/photodynamic-therapy-lasers/), [Radioembolisation (TARE / SIRT, yttrium-90)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radioembolisation-tare/), [RNA sequencing & expression profiling](https://onco.cc/technologies/rna-seq/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/), [SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/sbrt/), [Small-molecule kinase inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/kinase-inhibitors/)
- targets: [ANK1](https://onco.cc/targets/ank1/), [ARAF](https://onco.cc/targets/araf/), [BRAF](https://onco.cc/targets/braf/), [CDKN2B](https://onco.cc/targets/cdkn2b/), [Claudin 18.2](https://onco.cc/targets/cldn18-2/), [CLTC](https://onco.cc/targets/cltc/), [CTNNA2](https://onco.cc/targets/ctnna2/), [ELF3](https://onco.cc/targets/elf3/), [ERRFI1](https://onco.cc/targets/errfi1/), [FBLN2](https://onco.cc/targets/fbln2/), [FGFR2](https://onco.cc/targets/fgfr2/), [GPC5](https://onco.cc/targets/gpc5/), [HER2](https://onco.cc/targets/her2/), [HER3](https://onco.cc/targets/her3/), [IDH1 / IDH2](https://onco.cc/targets/idh/), [KEAP1](https://onco.cc/targets/keap1/), [MYH11](https://onco.cc/targets/myh11/), [N4BP2](https://onco.cc/targets/n4bp2/), [NTRK](https://onco.cc/targets/ntrk/), [PD-1](https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/), [PD-L1](https://onco.cc/targets/pdl1/), [PRKD1](https://onco.cc/targets/prkd1/), [PRMT5 (MTAP-deleted cancers)](https://onco.cc/targets/prmt5-mtap/), [RBM10](https://onco.cc/targets/rbm10/), [RNF213](https://onco.cc/targets/rnf213/), [USP9X](https://onco.cc/targets/usp9x/), [ZNF429](https://onco.cc/targets/znf429/)
- drugs: [AZD4360](https://onco.cc/drugs/azd4360/), [CGT4859](https://onco.cc/drugs/cgt4859/), [D07001](https://onco.cc/drugs/d07001/), [Dabrafenib + trametinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/dabrafenib-trametinib/), [Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [Futibatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/futibatinib/), [Gemcitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/gemcitabine/), [Gemcitabine + cisplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/gemcitabine-cisplatin/), [HMPL-453](https://onco.cc/drugs/hmpl-453/), [Infigratinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/infigratinib/), [Ivosidenib](https://onco.cc/drugs/ivosidenib/), [Liposomal irinotecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/liposomal-irinotecan/), [Nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/nab-paclitaxel/), [Oncomine Dx Target Test](https://onco.cc/drugs/oncomine-dx-target-test/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Pemigatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/pemigatinib/), [Pertuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pertuzumab/), [SHR-8068](https://onco.cc/drugs/shr-8068/), [Sonesitatug vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/cmg901/), [Spevatamig](https://onco.cc/drugs/spevatamig/), [Tinengotinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/tinengotinib/), [Tovecimig](https://onco.cc/drugs/tovecimig/), [TQB2102](https://onco.cc/drugs/tqb2102/), [TQB3454](https://onco.cc/drugs/tqb3454/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/), [Varlitinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/varlitinib/), [VB15010](https://onco.cc/drugs/vb15010/), [XNW27011](https://onco.cc/drugs/xnw27011/), [Zanidatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanidatamab/), [Zenocutuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zenocutuzumab/)
- companies: [AIO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie)](https://onco.cc/companies/aio/), [AstraZeneca](https://onco.cc/companies/astrazeneca/), [Basilea Pharmaceutica](https://onco.cc/companies/basilea/), [Compass Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/compass-therapeutics/), [Hangzhou Hanx Biopharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/hangzhou-hanx-biopharmaceuticals/), [Incyte](https://onco.cc/companies/incyte/), [InnoPharmax](https://onco.cc/companies/innopharmax/), [Jazz Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/jazz/), [Merck & Co. (MSD)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck/), [Merus](https://onco.cc/companies/merus/), [ModeX Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/modex-therapeutics/), [Relay Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/relay-therapeutics/), [Servier](https://onco.cc/companies/servier/), [Shenzhen Ionova Life Sciences](https://onco.cc/companies/shenzhen-ionova-life-sciences/), [Taiho Pharmaceutical (Otsuka)](https://onco.cc/companies/taiho/), [Tallac Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/tallac-therapeutics/), [TiumBio](https://onco.cc/companies/tiumbio/), [TransThera Sciences](https://onco.cc/companies/transthera/), [Tyra Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/tyra-biosciences/), [Zymeworks](https://onco.cc/companies/zymeworks/)
- institutions: [Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals](https://onco.cc/institutions/addenbrookes-cambridge/), [All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi](https://onco.cc/institutions/aiims-delhi/), [AMMF, the Cholangiocarcinoma Charity](https://onco.cc/institutions/ammf/), [Asan Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/asan-medical-center/), [Belfast Health and Social Care Trust HPB service](https://onco.cc/institutions/belfast-trust-hpb/), [Cancer Research UK](https://onco.cc/institutions/cruk/), [Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth](https://onco.cc/institutions/derriford-plymouth/), [Fundación Arturo López Pérez](https://onco.cc/institutions/falp-chile/), [Glasgow Royal Infirmary](https://onco.cc/institutions/glasgow-royal-infirmary/), [Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre, Varanasi](https://onco.cc/institutions/homi-bhabha-cancer-hospital-varanasi/), [IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/humanitas/), [King's College Hospital, London](https://onco.cc/institutions/kings-college-hospital-london/), [Liverpool University Hospitals HPB centre (Aintree)](https://onco.cc/institutions/liverpool-hpb-centre/), [Manchester Royal Infirmary HPB Unit](https://onco.cc/institutions/manchester-royal-infirmary/), [Mayo Clinic](https://onco.cc/institutions/mayo-clinic/), [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/mskcc/), [Morriston Hospital, Swansea](https://onco.cc/institutions/morriston-swansea/), [National Cancer Centre Singapore](https://onco.cc/institutions/nccs/), [Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh](https://onco.cc/institutions/pgimer-chandigarh/), [Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University](https://onco.cc/institutions/ramathibodi-hospital/), [Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh](https://onco.cc/institutions/royal-infirmary-edinburgh/), [Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University](https://onco.cc/institutions/siriraj-hospital/), [The Royal Marsden](https://onco.cc/institutions/royal-marsden/), [University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff](https://onco.cc/institutions/university-hospital-wales-cardiff/), [Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University](https://onco.cc/institutions/zhongshan-hospital-fudan/)
- terms: [Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (pancreaticobiliary maljunction)](https://onco.cc/terms/anomalous-pancreaticobiliary-junction/), [Biliary drainage routes: ERCP stent, percutaneous (PTC) and EUS-guided](https://onco.cc/terms/biliary-drainage-routes/), [CA 19-9](https://onco.cc/terms/ca19-9/), [Endoscopy (EGD, EUS, ERCP)](https://onco.cc/terms/endoscopy/), [FGFR2 fusions and rearrangements](https://onco.cc/terms/fgfr2-fusion/), [Gallbladder cancer in biliary tract cancer trials (eligibility and subgroups)](https://onco.cc/terms/gallbladder-cancer-in-biliary-trials/), [Gene fusion](https://onco.cc/terms/gene-fusion/), [Hepatectomy (liver resection)](https://onco.cc/terms/hepatectomy/), [HER2 testing in biliary tract cancer (IHC, ISH and NGS)](https://onco.cc/terms/her2-testing-in-biliary-cancer/), [Intrahepatic, perihilar, distal and gallbladder cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/biliary-anatomy-subtypes/), [Obstructive jaundice and biliary obstruction](https://onco.cc/terms/obstructive-jaundice/), [Stenting (biliary, oesophageal, airway)](https://onco.cc/terms/biliary-stent/), [Symptom control in advanced gallbladder cancer: pain, ascites and nutrition](https://onco.cc/terms/gallbladder-cancer-symptom-control/), [Tumour-agnostic (tissue-agnostic) approval](https://onco.cc/terms/tumour-agnostic/), [Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)](https://onco.cc/terms/whipple/)
- trials: [A Clinical Study of SHR-A1811 in the Treatment of HER2-positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06778031/), [A Clinical Study of TQB3454 Tablets in the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05987358/), [A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-label Phase Ib/II Study of Celecoxib Plus Pembrolizumab and Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Versus Pembrolizumab and Gemcitabine/Cisplatin in Patients With CK5/6-High Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07632235/), [A Phase II Exploratory Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan Combined With Envafolimab for TROP2-Positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers Previously Treated With First-Line Immunotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07729033/), [A Phase II Study of Adjuvant Durvalumab Combined With GEMOX/GC Chemotherapy Followed by Lenvatinib Versus Capecitabine in Biliary Tract Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07679399/), [A Phase II Study of GV20-0251 in Combination With Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced, or Metastatic Solid Tumors.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07623642/), [A Phase II Study of Pemigatinib Plus Durvalumab in Previously Treated Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients With FGFR-2 Fusion or Rearrangement](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06728410/), [A Phase II Trial of Organoid Drug Sensitivity Testing to Guide Therapy in Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07351591/), [A Phase IIb Randomized Clinical Trial of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-based Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07269158/), [A Phase III Study of SHR-8068 in Combination With Adebrelimab and Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy Versus Durvalumab in Combination With Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07229625/), [A Prospective, Single-Arm, Phase II Study: PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody + Chemoradiotherapy as Bridge Therapy to Liver Transplantation for Locally Advanced Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma (ACHIEVE-LT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07471165/), [A Randomized, Two-cohort, Prospective Phase II Clinical Study of the Second-line Treatment of Advanced Biliary System Tumors With Liposomal Irinotecan (II) Combination Regimen](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07099794/), [A Safety and Efficacy Study of XERMELO® + First-line Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03790111/), [A Single-arm, Multicenter, Exploratory Study of Adebrelimab Combined With Apatinib and Systemic Chemotherapy for Initially Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07135544/), [A Single-arm, Open-label, Prospective Clinical Study of Surufatinib Combined With Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Unresectable or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06654947/), [A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 With Treatment of Physician's Choice in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer After Failure of Platinum-based Chemotherapy(PANKU-BTC01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07582315/), [A Study of AK130 in Combination With AK112 for the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06938321/), [A Study of an FGFR2/3 Inhibitor (CGT4859) in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma and Other Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06777316/), [A Study of BL-B01D1+PD-1/PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06978114/), [A Study of BL-M07D1 Versus Physician's Choice of Chemotherapy in Patients With HER2-expressing Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer After Platinum-containing Chemotherapy Failure](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07606599/), [A Study of CDX-1140, a CD40 Agonist, in Combination With Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and Keytruda in Subjects With Biliary Tract Carcinoma (BTC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05849480/), [A Study of CTX-009 in Combination With Paclitaxel in Adult Patients With Unresectable Advanced, Metastatic or Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancers (COMPANION-002)](https://onco.cc/trials/companion-002/), [A Study of Different Dosing Schedules of Selumetinib With Cisplatin/Gemcitabine (CIS/GEM) Versus CIS/GEM Alone in Biliary Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02151084/), [A Study of HRS-4642 Monotherapy or in Combination With Adebrelimab in the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Tumors.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06620848/), [A Study of ICP-192 in Patients With FGFR2-Rearranged Unresectable or Metastatic Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05678270/), [A Study of MT-4561 in Patients With Various Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06943521/), [A Study of Rilvegostomig or Durvalumab Plus Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Biliary Tract Cancer (ARTEMIDE-Biliary02)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07221253/), [A Study of SHR-A1904 in Previous Systemic Treatment Failed Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07450976/), [A Study of TQB2102 for Injection in the Treatment of HER2-positive Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06431490/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Antitumor Activity of INV-8989 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS G12D Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07610798/), [A Study to Investigate ALE.P03 as Monotherapy in Adult Patients With Selected Advanced or Metastatic CLDN1+ Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07169734/), [A Study to Investigate APL-5125 in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06399757/), [A Study to See the Effects That a New Combination of the Three Drugs, Nab-paclitaxel, Gemcitabine, and Cisplatin Has on Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02632305/), [A Study to Select a Dose Regimen (Part A) and to Investigate Overall Survival (Part B) With Nanvuranlat Compared With Physician's Best Choice in Participants Aged 18 Years or Older With Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07265674/), [ABC-02](https://onco.cc/trials/abc-02/), [ABC-06](https://onco.cc/trials/abc-06/), [ABC-07](https://onco.cc/trials/abc-07/), [ABC-12](https://onco.cc/trials/abc-12/), [ACTICCA-1](https://onco.cc/trials/acticca-1/), [Adebrelimab Combined With Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Simvastatin for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07392541/), [Adebrelimab Plus S-1 for Resected Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07561775/), [Adjuvant Chemotherapy for BTC Based on 3D-PTA](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07296666/), [Adoptive Transfer of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03801083/), [Agnostic Therapy in Rare Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06638931/), [AK112 Combined With Chemotherapy Versus Durvalumab Combined With Chemotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06591520/), [AK112 Combined With GAP Conversion Therapy for Locally Advanced Gallbladder Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07767994/), [Alternating Chemo-immunotherapy and FGFR Inhibitor for FGFR-positive Biliary or Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07780838/), [Alternating HAIC and Systemic Chemotherapy With or Without Adebrelimab and Apatinib for Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07569679/), [An Early Access Study of Ivosidenib in Patients With a Pretreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05876754/), [An Exploratory Study on the Use of Ivosidenib for the Precise Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Malignancies With IDH1 Mutations in the Later Line of Therapy.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07282262/), [An Open-label, Single-arm, Multicenter Exploratory Study of Adebrelimab Combined With Gemcitabine and Albumin-bound Paclitaxel as First-line Treatment for Biliary Tract Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07668453/), [Anlotinib Plus Nab-Paclitaxels and S-1 for Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer As Second-Line Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06662877/), [Anlotinib+Cadonilimab+PULSAR in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07635290/), [ASCOT (JCOG1202)](https://onco.cc/trials/ascot-jcog1202/), [Atezolizumab Plus Tivozanib in Immunologically Cold Tumor Types](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05000294/), [AVENTINE-1: Study of AVZO-1418 as a Single Agent and in Combination Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (AVZO-1418-1001)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07038343/), [Basket Study of Tucatinib and Trastuzumab in Solid Tumors With HER2 Alterations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04579380/), [Becotatug Vedotin Plus Pucotenlimab for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer, Phase II](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07649980/), [BILCAP](https://onco.cc/trials/bilcap/), [Biliary Stenting With or Without Photodynamic Therapy in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma or Other Biliary Tract Tumors That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00513539/), [BMS-986504 in Combination With Pemetrexed for the Treatment of Metastatic Solid Tumors With MTAP Deletion](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07594626/), [Cadonilimab Combined With Liposomal Irinotecan Plus Leucovorin and Fluorouracil for Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06438822/), [Camrelizumab and Chemotherapy With or Without Anlotinib as First-line Treatment for Advanced Gallbladder Cancer and Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06901622/), [Camrelizumab Plus Apatinib in Combination With GEMOX (Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin ) in Patients With Locally Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05451290/), [Candonilimab in Combination With LM-302 for Claudin 18.2 Positive-advanced Biliary Tract Cancer After Failure of Standard of Chemotherapy and PD1/PD-L1 Antibody](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05994001/), [Chemotherapy Combined With Adebrelimab and Apatinib as the Perioperative Treatment in Patients With Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06280508/), [Chemotherapy Combined With Adebrelimab and Mecapegfilgrastim in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Potentially Resectable BTC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06037655/), [Chidamide Combined With Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy as First-line Treatment for Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07570849/), [CisPlatin plUs Gemcitabine and Nabpaclitaxel (GAP) as pReoperative Chemotherapy Versus Immediate Resection in patIents With resecTable BiliarY Tract Cancers (BTC) at High Risk for Recurrence](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06037980/), [ClarIDHy](https://onco.cc/trials/claridhy/), [Combination Immunotherapy in Rare Cancers Under InvesTigation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04969887/), [Combination of GNS561 and Trametinib in Patients With Advanced KRAS Mutated Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05874414/), [Combination of QLS31905 and Chemotherapy ± QL2107 in Patients With CLDN18.2-positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07151872/), [Combined Treatment of Durvalumab, Bevacizumab, Tremelimumab and Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in Subjects With Hepatocellular Carcinoma or Biliary Tract Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03937830/), [ComboMATCH: FOLFOX with or without binimetinib in second-line biliary tract cancer with MAPK pathway alterations](https://onco.cc/trials/combomatch-binimetinib-folfox/), [Consolidative Radiotherapy (CSRT) in Patients With Oligometastatic/Locally Advanced Unresectable Bilary Tract Cancer (BTC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06502080/), [Cosiporfin Sodium for Injection Photodynamic Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07398339/), [CPI-613 (Devimistat) in Combination With Hydroxychloroquine and 5-fluorouracil or Gemcitabine in Treating Patients With Advanced Chemorefractory Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05733000/), [Cryoablation Combined With QL1706 (Iparomlimab/Tuvonralimab) Plus Lenvatinib in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07829874/), [CTX-009 With Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Durvalumab as First-line Therapy in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06548412/), [D07001 Softgel-Capsules and Capecitabine Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06622057/), [DEBATE](https://onco.cc/trials/debate/), [DESTINY-PanTumor02](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-pantumor02/), [Disitamab Vedotin Plus Lenvatinib and PD-1 Inhibitors for Treating HER2-positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07159217/), [Domvanalimab and Zimberelimab in Advanced Liver Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05724563/), [Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of MDX2001 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06239194/), [Durvalumab (MEDI4736) and Tremelimumab and Radiation Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03482102/), [Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in Combination With Propranolol and Chemotherapy for Treatment of Advanced Hepatopancreabiliary Tumors (BLOCKED)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05451043/), [Durvalumab Combined With Chemotherapy Neoadjuvant Therapy of Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05640791/), [Durvalumab Combined With S-1 as Adjuvant Therapy of Resectable BTC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06490107/), [Durvalumab With Chemotherapy as First Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers (aBTCs)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05771480/), [EA2197 ivonescimab: ivonescimab with gemcitabine and cisplatin versus standard chemo-immunotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/ea2197-ivonescimab/), [Efficacy and Safety of Postoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma: A Multicenter Prospective Phase II Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07636824/), [Efficacy and Safety of SBRT Plus Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Sintilimab as First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07638501/), [Envafolimab With Chemotherapy and Simvastatin in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07003815/), [EORTC 1607: pembrolizumab with cisplatin and gemcitabine in biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/eortc-1607-pembro-cisgem/), [Evaluating Efficacy of Tivozanib (AV-951) in Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04645160/), [Evaluating Novel Therapies in ctDNA Positive GI Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05482516/), [Exploratory Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Trastuzumab Rezetecan in the Treatment of HER2-Expressiong Advanced Solid Tumor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07631884/), [Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan Combined With Pucotenlimab in the Treatment of Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07105852/), [FAPI-PET Value for the Initial Screening of Pancreatic and Biliary Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07478523/), [FIGHT-202](https://onco.cc/trials/fight-202/), [FIGHT-302](https://onco.cc/trials/fight-302/), [FIRST-308](https://onco.cc/trials/first-308/), [First-line Trastuzumab, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Nivolumab in Advanced HER2- Positive Biliary Tract Cancer: a Multicenter, Open-label, Single-arm Phase Ib/II Trial (HERBOT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05749900/), [FOENIX-CCA2](https://onco.cc/trials/foenix-cca2/), [Futibatinib (TAS-120) in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07710885/), [GAIN (AIO/CALGP/ACO)](https://onco.cc/trials/gain-igbc/), [Gem+Nab-P+LEN+TIS for Advanced Unresectable BTC (GALENT-BT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06963060/), [Gemcitabine-Cisplatin Plus Envafolimab in Resectable Biliary Tract Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07599995/), [Gemcitabine, cisplatin and nab-paclitaxel phase 2 (MD Anderson and Mayo)](https://onco.cc/trials/gap-phase2-mdacc/), [Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, Nab-paclitaxel (GAP) and Cemiplimab for Locally Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07433673/), [HAIC+Adebrelimab+Lenvatinib for Conversion Treatment of Potentially Resectable, Locally Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06389500/), [Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Plus Envafolimab and Lenvatinib for First-Line Unresectable Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07636798/), [Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Gemcitabine-oxaliplatin for Second-line Therapy in Non-metastatic Unresectable Intra-hepatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03364530/), [HERIZON-BTC-01](https://onco.cc/trials/herizon-btc-01/), [HERIZON-BTC-302](https://onco.cc/trials/herizon-btc-302/), [HMPL-453 Tartrate in Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04353375/), [Immunotherapy Combined With Y-90 SIRT Therapy in Advanced Stage Intrahepatic Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04238637/), [Investigating Precision Medicine in the Adjuvant Setting in Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07745296/), [Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab Injection Combined With GemOX and Lenvatinib as Conversion Therapy for Initially Potentially Resectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07263360/), [Ivonescimab in Combination With Liposomal Irinotecan and 5-FU/LV in Potentially Resectable Biliary Tract Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06993025/), [KEYNOTE-158](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-158/), [KEYNOTE-966](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-966/), [KN026 Plus Chemotherapy ± KN-046 in HER2 Positive Colorectal Cancer and Biliary Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05985707/), [Lenvatinib Plus Paclitaxel for Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer Who Failed to Gemcitabine-based Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05170438/), [Ligufalimab and Cadonilimab in Advanced Liver Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06789848/), [Liposomal Irinotecan Plus 5-FU/LV and Sintilimab With Sequential SBRT for Locally Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07797816/), [mFOLFOX/mFOLFIRI vs. mFOLFOX in Advanced or Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancer Second-line](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07062536/), [MP0317 in Combination With Chemoimmunotherapy in First Line Treatment for Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07036380/), [Multicenter Phase 2 Study of Envafolimab in Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04910386/), [MyPathway](https://onco.cc/trials/mypathway/), [NALIRICC (AIO)](https://onco.cc/trials/naliricc/), [NAPOLI-2: Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Nanoliposomal Irinotecan in Biliary Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04005339/), [Neoadjuvant Tislelizumab, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and S-1 for Resectable High-risk Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06903273/), [NHS-Galleri](https://onco.cc/trials/nhs-galleri/), [NIFE (AIO-YMO HEP-0315)](https://onco.cc/trials/nife/), [NIFTY](https://onco.cc/trials/nifty/), [Olanzapine for the Management of Cancer Associated Appetite Loss in Patients With Advanced Esophagogastric, Hepatopancreaticobiliary, Colorectal or Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05705492/), [Olaparib in Treating Patients With Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer With Aberrant DNA Repair Gene Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04042831/), [Olaparib With or Without Durvalumab for DDR Gene Mutated Biliary Tract Cancer Following Platinum-based Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05222971/), [Oncolytic Virus H101 Combined With Lenvatinib Plus Toripalimab Compared With FOLFOX in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer (OPTIONS-06)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06919848/), [PD-L1 Antibody Combined With CTLA-4 Antibody for Patients With Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Who Progressed After Standard Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04634058/), [Pembrolizumab With or Without Lenvatinib or Chemotherapy in First-Line Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06230471/), [Pemigatinib Combined With Durvalumab for Previously Treated Biliary Tract Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06530823/), [Pemigatinib Plus PD-1 Inhibitor With or Without Chemotherapy in FGFR2 Fusion/Rearrangement-Positive Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07786766/), [Perioperative Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Pembrolizumab in Potentially Resectable Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06001658/), [Phase 2 Study of Daraxonrasib in Recurrent KRAS-Mutant Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07793253/), [Phase 3 Study of T-DXd and Rilvegostomig Versus SoC in Advanced HER2-expressing Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06467357/), [Phase I/II Clinical Study to Evaluate VB15010 Tablets in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06819215/), [Phase I/II Study: Allogeneic NK-cell Therapy With Chemotherapy for Post-Surgery PDA or Cholangiocarcinoma Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06730009/), [Phase II Clinical Study of GemOX Hepatic Arterial Infusion Combined with Lenvatinib and Toripalimab for Advanced and Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06852287/), [Phase II Clinical Study of SHR-A1811 in Patients With HER2 Expression / Amplification of Locally Advanced Unresectable or Recurrent Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06413745/), [Phase Ⅱ Clinical Study of Surufatinib Combined With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Plus Durvalumab/Pembrolizumab Regimen in the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06708858/), [Phase II Study of Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab (QL1706) in Combination With Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel and Lenvatinib as Second-Line Therapy for Unresectable or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07530445/), [Phase II Study of Trastuzumab Rezetecan Combined With Adebrelimab and Lenvatinib as First-Line Therapy for Advanced HER2-Positive/HER2-Low Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07670273/), [Phase II Study of Trastuzumab Rezetecan Combined With Adebrelimab and Lenvatinib in Advanced HER2-Positive/Low-Expression Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07704177/), [Polymeric Micellar Paclitaxel-Based Combination Therapy for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07159204/), [Precision Integrated Strategies and Efficacy Evaluation for Biliary Tract Cancers: An Umbrella Platform Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07729917/), [Programmed Death Ligand (PD-L1) Combined With Chemotherapy for Patients With BTC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03478488/), [QL1706 Combined With Lenvatinib and GEMOX as First - Line Treatment for Unresectable Biliary Tract Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06892925/), [QL1706（Iparomlimab/Tuvonralimab) Combined With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as First-Line Treatment for PD-L1-Positive Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07733115/), [Rilvegostomig + Chemotherapy as Adjuvant Therapy for Biliary Tract Cancer After Resection (ARTEMIDE-Biliary01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06109779/), [ROAR (Rare Oncology Agnostic Research) basket: BRAF V600E biliary tract cancer cohort](https://onco.cc/trials/roar/), [Sacituzumab Tirumotecan in Previously Treated TROP2-Positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07701122/), [Safety of Biliary Intraductal Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Unresectable Extrahepatic Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06274879/), [SAFIR-ABC10](https://onco.cc/trials/safir-abc10/), [Sequential Anti-Angiogenic Therapy After Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07025174/), [SEVILLA](https://onco.cc/trials/sevilla/), [SHR-8068 in Combination With Adebrelimab, Bevacizumab, and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06465563/), [Sintilimab Combined With Ipilimumab (N01) Plus AG as First-line Therapy for uBTC.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07654530/), [Sintilimab Plus NALIRIFOX or Gemcitabine-Cisplatin as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07831993/), [Study of Becotatug Vedotin Added to Standard Treatment for Advanced Bile Duct Cancer With EGFR Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07598318/), [Study of Combination Therapy of D07001-Softgel Capsules and Xeloda/TS-1 in Subjects With Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05065957/), [Study of Futibatinib in Patients With Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma With FGFR2 Fusion or Rearrangement](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05727176/), [Study of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, AB680 and AB122 During First Line Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers (QUIC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06048133/), [Study of LY3537982 in Cancer Patients With a Specific Genetic Mutation (KRAS G12C)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04956640/), [Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (MK-3475-158/KEYNOTE-158)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02628067/), [Study of Tinengotinib VS. Physician's Choice a Treatment of Subjects With FGFR-altered in Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05948475/), [Study on Sequential Cryoablation, Relaforp Alpha, and Chemotherapy for Bile Duct Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07726446/), [Surufatinib Combined With Serplulimab and Standard Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment in Advanced Solid Tumors With Neuroendocrine Differentiation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06531291/), [SWOG S0809](https://onco.cc/trials/swog-s0809/), [SWOG S1815](https://onco.cc/trials/swog-s1815/), [TESLA RCT](https://onco.cc/trials/tesla-rct/), [Testing A New Combination of Anti-cancer Immune Therapies, Atezolizumab and CDX-1127 (Varlilumab) With or Without the Addition of a Third Anti-cancer Drug, Cobimetinib, for Advanced-Stage Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04941287/), [Testing Mitazalimab in Combination With Standard Chemotherapy in Immunotherapy Resistant Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07437287/), [Testing the Combination of New Anti-cancer Drug Peposertib With Avelumab and Radiation Therapy for Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors and Hepatobiliary Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04068194/), [The Effect of [18F] F-FAPI PET-CT on Management in Patients With Proximal Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06355427/), [The Efficacy and Safety of Pucotenlimab (PD-1) Combined With Becotatugvedotin (EGFR-ADC) in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07514533/), [The Efficacy and Safety of Trilaciclib in Bone Marrow Protection Before Chemotherapy for Advanced Bile Duct Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07160283/), [The Purpose of This Research Study is to See if Combining Gemcitabine, Cisplatin and Durvalumab Chemotherapy Treatments With a Direct Tumor Therapy Yittrium-90 (Y-90) Will Work Better Together to Shrink Tumors and Control Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05422690/), [The Purpose of This Trial is to Determine if Regorafenib Plus Durvalumab (MEDI4736) is Safe and Effective in Treatment of Chemo Refractory Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04781192/), [The Safety and Efficacy of Benmelstobart Injection in Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract Malignant Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07109167/), [TOPAZ-1](https://onco.cc/trials/topaz-1/), [Toripalimab Combined With Capecitabine as Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Resectable Advanced Extrahepatic Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06717464/), [TRAP-BTC](https://onco.cc/trials/trap-btc/), [Trastuzumab in Combination With Serplulimab and Chemotherapy for the Treatment of HER2-overexpressing Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer or Urothelial Carcinoma After Failure of Standard Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07506057/), [Trastuzumab Plus Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone in First-line HER2 Positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07062263/), [Trastuzumab Rezetecan Combined With Pertuzumab and Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab for Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07129018/), [TreeTopp](https://onco.cc/trials/treetopp/), [Trial Comparing Standard of Care Therapy With and Without Sequential Cytoreductive Intervention for Patients With Metastatic Foregut Adenocarcinoma and Undetectable Circulating Tumor-Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (ctDNA) Levels](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07282912/), [Trifluridine/Tipiracil + Oxaliplatin in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07146646/), [Tripegfilgrastim Trial to Reduce the Risk of Severe Neutropenia in Patients With Unresectable Pancreaticobiliary Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06135896/), [Tuvonralimab and Iparomlimab Based Regimens for the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Biliary Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07267078/), [Vebotolimab Combined With Ptorlimab for EGFR-positive Refractory Advanced Biliary Tract Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07472933/), [Zolbetuximab With mFOLFOX6 or CAPOX in Claudin 18.2 Overexpressed Advanced or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07723534/)
- ideas: [A non-profit pharmaceutical company for the cancers markets ignore](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-nonprofit-pharma/), [An open model bank for the rare tumours nobody has models for](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-rare-tumour-model-bank/), [An open organoid bank for cancers too rare to have models](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio1-rare-cancer-organoid-bank/), [ctDNA-guided switching among FGFR inhibitors](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-btc-ctdna-fgfr-resistance/), [One global rare cancer network with n-of-1 and Bayesian trial frameworks](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-rare-cancer-global-network/), [One standing umbrella trial for all rare cancers in a country](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-rare-cancer-umbrella-platform/), [Test drugs on the patient's own cancer cells when there is no trial to join](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-functional-precision-rare/), [Trial-in-a-box: a preconfigured protocol kit any hospital can open for a rare cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-rare-cancer-trial-in-a-box/)
- key papers: [Biliary cancer: utility of next-generation sequencing for clinical management](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-javle-biliary-ngs-cancer-2016/), [Biliary tract cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-esmo-biliary-tract-cancer-guideline-ann-oncol-2023/), [Biliary Tract Cancers, Version 2.2025, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nccn-biliary-tract-cancers-v2-2025-jnccn-2025/), [British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bsg-cholangiocarcinoma-guideline-gut-2023/), [Circulating tumor DNA profiling of advanced biliary tract cancers](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mody-biliary-ctdna-profiling-jco-po-2019/), [Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2019: The 3rd English edition](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-jshbps-biliary-tract-cancer-guidelines-2019-jhbps-2021/), [Details of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status in 454 cases of biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-hiraoka-her2-status-biliary-hum-pathol-2020/), [Detecting Early Recurrence With Circulating Tumor DNA in Stage I-III Biliary Tract Cancer After Curative Resection](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-yu-ctdna-early-recurrence-biliary-tract-cancer-jco-po-2025/), [Durvalumab plus chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer: 3-year overall survival update from the phase III TOPAZ-1 study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-topaz-1-three-year-survival-j-hepatol-2025/), [Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing biliary tract or pancreatic tumors: a subgroup analysis of DESTINY-PanTumor02](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-oh-destiny-pantumor02-biliary-pancreatic-esmo-open-2026/), [Genomic characterization of biliary tract cancers identifies driver genes and predisposing mutations](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-wardell-biliary-drivers-germline-j-hepatol-2018/), [Genomic spectra of biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nakamura-biliary-genomic-spectra-nat-genet-2015/), [Genotyping of circulating tumor DNA in cholangiocarcinoma reveals diagnostic and prognostic information](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ettrich-cholangiocarcinoma-ctdna-genotyping-sci-rep-2019/), [HER2 status in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma: concordance between immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization in 140 cases](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-angerilli-her2-ihc-cish-biliary-hum-pathol-2026/), [Liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin versus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic biliary tract cancer after progression on gemcitabine plus cisplatin (NIFTY): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2b study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nifty-liposomal-irinotecan-lancet-oncol-2021/), [Mismatch repair deficiency is a rare but putative therapeutically relevant finding in non-liver fluke associated cholangiocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-goeppert-cholangiocarcinoma-mmr-deficiency-bjc-2019/), [Molecular and clinical determinants of targeted therapy treatment in biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cowzer-biliary-targeted-therapy-determinants-ccr-2026/), [Molecular profiling of biliary cancers reveals distinct molecular alterations and potential therapeutic targets](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-weinberg-biliary-profiling-jgo-2019/), [Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus cisplatin followed by radical liver resection versus immediate radical liver resection alone with or without adjuvant chemotherapy in incidentally detected gallbladder carcinoma after simple cholecystectomy or in front of radical resection of BTC (ICC/ECC) - a phase III study of the German registry of incidental gallbladder carcinoma platform (GR)- the AIO/ CALGP/ ACO- GAIN-trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-gain-trial-protocol-bmc-cancer-2020/), [Performance of a multi-cancer early detection test in the randomized controlled NHS-Galleri trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nhs-galleri-performance-nat-med-2026/), [Pertuzumab and trastuzumab for HER2-positive, metastatic biliary tract cancer (MyPathway): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2a, multiple basket study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-javle-mypathway-her2-biliary-lancet-oncol-2021/), [Real-world analysis of ctDNA and other biomarkers in patients with curatively resected stage I-III biliary tract cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-malla-ctdna-resected-biliary-tract-cancer-esmo-gi-onc-2026/), [Second-line FOLFOX chemotherapy versus active symptom control for advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC-06): a phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-abc-06-folfox-second-line-lancet-oncol-2021/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-expressing biliary tract cancer (HERB; NCCH1805): a multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ohba-herb-trastuzumab-deruxtecan-biliary-jco-2024/)
- people: [Angela Lamarca](https://onco.cc/people/angela-lamarca/), [Bruno Sangro](https://onco.cc/people/bruno-sangro/), [Do-Youn Oh](https://onco.cc/people/oh-do-youn/), [Eileen M. O'Reilly](https://onco.cc/people/eileen-oreilly/), [Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa](https://onco.cc/people/ghassan-abou-alfa/), [Hassan Malik](https://onco.cc/people/hassan-malik/), [Jia Fan](https://onco.cc/people/fan-jia/), [John Bridgewater](https://onco.cc/people/john-bridgewater/), [Juan W. Valle](https://onco.cc/people/juan-valle/), [Lipika Goyal](https://onco.cc/people/lipika-goyal/), [Mairéad McNamara](https://onco.cc/people/mairead-mcnamara/), [Richard Schulick](https://onco.cc/people/richard-schulick/), [Shahid A. Khan](https://onco.cc/people/shahid-khan/), [Tanios Bekaii-Saab](https://onco.cc/people/tanios-bekaii-saab/), [Theodore S. Hong](https://onco.cc/people/theodore-hong/)
- collections: [Japanese oncology guidelines (JSMO, JSCO and organ societies)](https://onco.cc/collections/jsmo-jsco-guidelines/), [UK specialist HPB cancer centres](https://onco.cc/collections/uk-hpb-specialist-centres/)
- roadmaps: [Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/gallbladder-cancer-roadmap/)
- pathways: [FGF / FGFR signalling](https://onco.cc/pathways/fgfr-signalling/), [Fibroblast activation, desmoplasia & matrix stiffness](https://onco.cc/pathways/caf-activation-desmoplasia/), [Mutant IDH / 2-hydroxyglutarate](https://onco.cc/pathways/idh-2hg/), [Receptor tyrosine kinase activation](https://onco.cc/pathways/rtk-activation/)
- bottlenecks: [Rare and paediatric cancers without markets](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-rare-cancers/)
- biomarkers: [dMMR (mismatch repair deficiency by IHC)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/dmmr-ihc/), [FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/fgfr2-fusion-rearrangement/), [IDH1 R132 mutation](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/idh1-r132/), [MSI-high (microsatellite instability by PCR or sequencing)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/msi-high/)
- journals: [Clinical colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/journals/clinical-colorectal-cancer/), [Journal of gastrointestinal cancer](https://onco.cc/journals/journal-of-gastrointestinal-cancer/)

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