# Radical cystectomy

Source: https://onco.cc/terms/cystectomy/  
OnCo record `cystectomy` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Removing the bladder (and nearby organs) for bladder cancer that has grown into the muscle wall; urine is then diverted through a stoma or a new bladder made of bowel.

## Summary

The standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), preceded by cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy or, since NIAGARA, chemo-immunotherapy. Reconstruction uses an ileal conduit (external bag) or an orthotopic neobladder. It is a major operation with 60% complication rates and a permanent change to daily life, so bladder-sparing trimodality therapy (TURBT plus chemoradiation) and, for patients with complete response to enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab, bladder preservation trials are active alternatives.

## Fields

- Kind: Term
- Last checked: 2026-09-09
- Also known as: cystectomy; cystectomies

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystectomy
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystectomy

## Connected records

- terms: [Intravesical therapy (BCG and bladder instillations)](https://onco.cc/terms/intravesical-therapy/), [Non-muscle-invasive vs muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC / MIBC)](https://onco.cc/terms/nmibc-vs-mibc/), [Organ preservation (watch-and-wait, bladder-sparing, larynx preservation)](https://onco.cc/terms/organ-preservation/), [Stoma (colostomy, ileostomy, urostomy)](https://onco.cc/terms/stoma/), [Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT)](https://onco.cc/terms/turbt/)
- cancers: [Bladder & urothelial cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/urothelial/), [Muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/), [Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/)
- fronts: [Surgery & Interventional](https://onco.cc/fronts/surgery/)
- trials: [NIAGARA](https://onco.cc/trials/niagara/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/cystectomy.json