# Endometrial cancer

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/  
OnCo record `endometrial` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

The gynaecological cancer where immunotherapy has had the biggest impact, guided by molecular classification.

## Summary

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecologic cancer in high-income countries (~420,000 cases a year worldwide) and one of the few cancers whose incidence and mortality are rising, driven by obesity, diabetes, and an ageing population. Most cases are low-grade endometrioid tumours found at stage I because of postmenopausal bleeding, and are cured by hysterectomy; a minority (serous, clear-cell, carcinosarcoma, and other p53-abnormal tumours) behave like high-grade ovarian cancer and account for most deaths. Since 2013, four molecular classes (POLE-mutated, mismatch-repair deficient, p53-abnormal, no specific molecular profile) have replaced histology as the primary prognostic and predictive framework.

The standard of care for early disease is minimally invasive hysterectomy with sentinel lymph node mapping, and adjuvant therapy scaled to risk: observation or vaginal brachytherapy for low and intermediate risk, pelvic radiotherapy or chemoradiation plus chemotherapy for high risk (PORTEC-3), with molecular class increasingly steering choices and fertility-sparing progestin therapy available for young women with the earliest tumours. Advanced and recurrent disease changed in 2023: three phase 3 trials (RUBY, NRG-GY018, DUO-E) established chemotherapy plus a PD-1/PD-L1 antibody as first-line standard, with dramatic benefit in dMMR tumours and a survival gain in the whole population (RUBY, OS 44.6 vs 28.2 months). Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-775) remains the second-line option for mismatch-repair-proficient disease, and trastuzumab deruxtecan is approved for HER2 IHC 3+ tumours.

Next: molecular-class-directed adjuvant therapy (RAINBO, PORTEC-4a), folate-receptor and TROP2 ADCs (rinatabart sesutecan with Breakthrough designation, sacituzumab tirumotecan), CDK4/6 plus endocrine therapy for low-grade ER-positive disease, and HER2 ADCs moved earlier in serous cancer. The 2026 failure of selinexor maintenance (XPORT-EC-042) is a caution about subgroup-derived hypotheses. Prevention through weight management and progestin-releasing IUDs, and equitable outcomes for Black women, whose mortality is nearly double, are the population-level problems.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-07
- Also known as: UCEC; TCGA-UCEC; uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (TCGA and CPTAC UCEC cohorts)
- Tags: gyn; spike
- Group: gynaecologic
- Burden: Endometrial cancer accounts for ~420,000 cases per year worldwide and is the most common gynaecologic cancer in the US and Europe; most are found at stage I because of postmenopausal bleeding and cured by hysterectomy. Incidence and mortality are rising ~1-2% per year with obesity; ~97,000 deaths per year.
- Subtypes: Endometrioid (~80%; grade 1-3; usually ER/PR-positive); Serous (~10%; p53-abnormal; HER2 amplified in ~25-30%); Clear-cell (~3%); Carcinosarcoma (~5%; biphasic; p53-abnormal); Undifferentiated/dedifferentiated (often MMRd, SWI/SNF loss); Molecular classes: POLE-ultramutated (~7%), MMRd (~25-30%), p53-abnormal (~15%), NSMP (~50%)
- Biomarkers: MMR/MSI; POLE; p53; HER2 (serous); ER/PR; TROP2; MMR IHC / MSI (dMMR ~25-30%; Lynch syndrome in ~3% of all cases); POLE exonuclease-domain mutation; p53 IHC; HER2 IHC/ISH (serous, p53abn); L1CAM (NSMP risk); CTNNB1 (NSMP low-grade recurrence risk); PD-L1 (limited utility); FRα and TROP2 (ADC trials); ARID1A, PIK3CA, PTEN (targetable in trials)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/endometrial/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/#overview [6 subtypes, 7 state-of-the-art points]
- What it is (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/#what-it-is [12 subtypes, 6 sites of spread]
- Finding it (on the hub): How it shows itself, how it is confirmed, what screening exists, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/#finding-it [15 biomarkers, 6 prevalence rows]
- Treating it (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/#treating-it [12 settings, 1 regimen, 10 decisions with options]
- Evidence (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/evidence/ [77 trials, 7 key papers, 15 milestones]
- The science (own page): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/science/ [90 targets, 6 pathways, 6 preclinical models]
- Where you are (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, and the expert centres with trials on record. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/where-you-are/ [6 centres]
- Living with it (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/#living-with-it [34 questions, 6 red cards]
- What is coming (own page): Everything in development, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/coming/ [30 medicines, 77 trials, 8 ideas, 9 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial/data/ [350 connected records]

## Standard of care

- Early: Hysterectomy; adjuvant therapy by molecular class.
- Advanced/recurrent: Chemotherapy + dostarlimab or pembrolizumab; lenvatinib-pembrolizumab; T-DXd if HER2+. ([Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/))
- Prevention and hereditary risk: Universal MMR testing of tumours to identify Lynch syndrome; risk-reducing hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy for Lynch carriers after childbearing; levonorgestrel IUD and weight management reduce risk; no screening for average-risk women. ([Germline (hereditary) testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/germline-testing/), [Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/msi/), [Progestins (megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD)](https://onco.cc/drugs/megestrol-progestins/))
- Diagnosis and staging: Endometrial biopsy for postmenopausal bleeding; MRI for myometrial and cervical invasion; molecular classification (p53, MMR IHC, POLE sequencing) on the diagnostic specimen. ([MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/), [Histopathology & immunohistochemistry](https://onco.cc/technologies/histopathology-ihc/), [Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)](https://onco.cc/terms/endometrial-molecular-classes/))
- Early stage surgery: Minimally invasive total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with sentinel lymph node mapping (FIRES, SENTOR); omentectomy for serous histology. ([Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/), [Sentinel lymph node biopsy](https://onco.cc/technologies/sentinel-node/), [FIRES & SENTOR (sentinel node mapping)](https://onco.cc/trials/fires-sentor/))
- Fertility-sparing (grade 1, stage IA, no invasion): Progestin (oral or IUD) with re-biopsy every 3-6 months; hysterectomy after childbearing. ([Fertility-sparing hormonal treatment of early endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/technologies/fertility-sparing-endometrial/), [Progestins (megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD)](https://onco.cc/drugs/megestrol-progestins/))
- Adjuvant, low and intermediate risk: Observation (low risk, POLEmut) or vaginal brachytherapy (intermediate risk; PORTEC-2); molecular class may de-escalate (PORTEC-4a). ([Brachytherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/brachytherapy/), [Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)](https://onco.cc/terms/endometrial-molecular-classes/))
- Adjuvant, high risk (stage III, serous, p53abn, deep invasion grade 3): Chemoradiation plus carboplatin-paclitaxel (PORTEC-3) or chemotherapy alone (GOG-258); pembrolizumab or dostarlimab added for stage III-IV per RUBY/GY018 eligibility. ([PORTEC-3](https://onco.cc/trials/portec-3/), [Carboplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/carboplatin/), [Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/paclitaxel/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/))
- Advanced or recurrent, first line (any MMR status): Carboplatin-paclitaxel plus dostarlimab (RUBY), pembrolizumab (NRG-GY018/KEYNOTE-868), or durvalumab (DUO-E; dMMR in the US), continued as maintenance up to 2-3 years. ([RUBY / ENGOT-EN6 / GOG-3031](https://onco.cc/trials/ruby/), [NRG-GY018 / KEYNOTE-868](https://onco.cc/trials/nrg-gy018-keynote-868/), [DUO-E / GOG-3041 / ENGOT-EN10](https://onco.cc/trials/duo-e/), [Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [Chemotherapy + PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, first-line advanced endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/pairings/chemo-io-first-line-endometrial/))
- Recurrent, pMMR, after platinum: Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-775) if not previously given immunotherapy; T-DXd if HER2 IHC 3+; chemotherapy (doxorubicin, weekly paclitaxel); hormonal therapy for low-grade ER-positive disease. ([Lenvatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/lenvatinib/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [KEYNOTE-775 / Study 309](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-775/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/), [DESTINY-PanTumor02](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-pantumor02/), [Letrozole (and other aromatase inhibitors)](https://onco.cc/drugs/letrozole/), [Progestins (megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD)](https://onco.cc/drugs/megestrol-progestins/))
- Recurrent, dMMR, after chemotherapy: Single-agent PD-1 blockade (dostarlimab GARNET, pembrolizumab) if immunotherapy-naive; otherwise chemotherapy or trials. ([Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/msi/))
- HER2-positive serous: Trastuzumab with carboplatin-paclitaxel (randomised phase 2) or T-DXd for IHC 3+ after prior therapy. ([Trastuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/), [HER2](https://onco.cc/targets/her2/), [DESTINY-PanTumor02](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-pantumor02/))

## State of the art

- IO-chemotherapy first line with OS benefit in dMMR and beyond.
- Chemotherapy plus PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is first-line standard for advanced disease, with a 16-month overall survival gain in RUBY and a 72% reduction in progression risk in dMMR tumours.
- Molecular classification (POLE, MMR, p53) is part of routine diagnosis and is beginning to direct adjuvant therapy.
- Sentinel lymph node mapping has replaced full lymphadenectomy, cutting lymphoedema without missing metastases.
- Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab gives an 18-month median survival in pMMR disease after platinum, where PD-1 alone barely worked.
- HER2 IHC 3+ disease has an approved ADC (T-DXd) with an 85% response rate.
- Fertility-sparing hormonal therapy is an evidence-based option for the earliest tumours in young women.

## Open problems

- p53-abnormal disease behaves like serous ovarian.
- Obesity-driven incidence rising.
- Equity: more p53-abnormal tumours and later diagnosis mean Black women in the US have nearly twice the mortality of white women; incidence and mortality are rising overall with obesity.
- p53-abnormal and carcinosarcoma histologies still relapse frequently despite chemoradiation; no subtype-specific therapy is approved beyond HER2.
- Immunotherapy benefit in pMMR disease is modest and biomarkers to select pMMR responders are lacking.
- Optimal adjuvant strategy by molecular class is unproven prospectively until RAINBO and PORTEC-4a report.
- Whether radiation adds to chemotherapy in stage III disease remains unresolved (PORTEC-3 vs GOG-258).
- Fertility-sparing therapy has a 30% relapse rate and no reliable predictor of response.
- Lenvatinib-pembrolizumab toxicity forces dose reductions in two-thirds of patients.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancer
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancer

## Connected records

- pairings: [Chemotherapy + PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, first-line advanced endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/pairings/chemo-io-first-line-endometrial/), [Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab (pMMR endometrial cancer after platinum)](https://onco.cc/pairings/lenvatinib-plus-pembrolizumab/), [PD-1 blockade + VEGF inhibition](https://onco.cc/pairings/io-plus-vegf/)
- technologies: [Anti-angiogenic therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/antiangiogenic/), [Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)](https://onco.cc/technologies/adc/), [Bariatric surgery and cancer incidence](https://onco.cc/technologies/bariatric-surgery-cancer-incidence/), [Brachytherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/brachytherapy/), [Coffee and tea intake](https://onco.cc/technologies/coffee-intake-cancer/), [Fertility-sparing hormonal treatment of early endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/technologies/fertility-sparing-endometrial/), [Gamma probes, handheld gamma cameras and dose calibrators](https://onco.cc/technologies/gamma-probes-dose-calibrators/), [Germline (hereditary) testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/germline-testing/), [GLP-1 receptor agonists and obesity-related cancer risk](https://onco.cc/technologies/glp1-agonists-cancer-risk/), [High-dose-rate brachytherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/hdr-brachytherapy/), [Histopathology & immunohistochemistry](https://onco.cc/technologies/histopathology-ihc/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [MRD / molecular residual disease testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/mrd-testing/), [MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/), [MSI and mismatch-repair testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/msi-mmr-testing/), [Oncofertility and fertility preservation](https://onco.cc/technologies/fertility-preservation/), [Remote afterloaders for HDR brachytherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/brachytherapy-afterloaders/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/), [Sentinel lymph node biopsy](https://onco.cc/technologies/sentinel-node/), [Surgical robots: da Vinci, Hugo, Versius and single-port systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/surgical-robot-platforms/)
- targets: [ABL2](https://onco.cc/targets/abl2/), [ACVR2A](https://onco.cc/targets/acvr2a/), [AKAP9](https://onco.cc/targets/akap9/), [ARHGAP35](https://onco.cc/targets/arhgap35/), [ARID1A](https://onco.cc/targets/arid1a/), [ARID1B](https://onco.cc/targets/arid1b/), [ATF7IP](https://onco.cc/targets/atf7ip/), [B7-H4 (VTCN1)](https://onco.cc/targets/b7h4/), [BCOR](https://onco.cc/targets/bcor/), [BIRC6](https://onco.cc/targets/birc6/), [BLM](https://onco.cc/targets/blm/), [CCND1](https://onco.cc/targets/ccnd1/), [CCNE1](https://onco.cc/targets/ccne1/), [CDC73](https://onco.cc/targets/cdc73/), [CDH1](https://onco.cc/targets/cdh1/), [CDH10](https://onco.cc/targets/cdh10/), [CHD4](https://onco.cc/targets/chd4/), [Claudin 6](https://onco.cc/targets/cldn6/), [CTCF](https://onco.cc/targets/ctcf/), [CTNNB1](https://onco.cc/targets/ctnnb1/), [DICER1](https://onco.cc/targets/dicer1/), [EIF1AX](https://onco.cc/targets/eif1ax/), [Estrogen receptor (ERα)](https://onco.cc/targets/estrogen-receptor/), [Exportin-1 (XPO1)](https://onco.cc/targets/xpo1/), [FAM135B](https://onco.cc/targets/fam135b/), [FBXO11](https://onco.cc/targets/fbxo11/), [FBXW7](https://onco.cc/targets/fbxw7/), [Folate receptor alpha](https://onco.cc/targets/folr1/), [FOXA2](https://onco.cc/targets/foxa2/), [HER2](https://onco.cc/targets/her2/), [ING1](https://onco.cc/targets/ing1/), [INPPL1](https://onco.cc/targets/inppl1/), [KRAS](https://onco.cc/targets/kras/), [LSM14A](https://onco.cc/targets/lsm14a/), [LZTR1](https://onco.cc/targets/lztr1/), [MAP3K1](https://onco.cc/targets/map3k1/), [MAX](https://onco.cc/targets/max/), [MECOM](https://onco.cc/targets/mecom/), [MED12](https://onco.cc/targets/med12/), [Mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2)](https://onco.cc/targets/mmr/), [MLH1](https://onco.cc/targets/mlh1/), [MLH3](https://onco.cc/targets/mlh3/), [MRE11](https://onco.cc/targets/mre11/), [MSH2](https://onco.cc/targets/msh2/), [MSH3](https://onco.cc/targets/msh3/), [MSH6](https://onco.cc/targets/msh6/), [MUC16 (CA-125)](https://onco.cc/targets/muc16/), [MUTYH](https://onco.cc/targets/mutyh/), [NCKIPSD](https://onco.cc/targets/nckipsd/), [NFE2L2](https://onco.cc/targets/nfe2l2/), [NSD1](https://onco.cc/targets/nsd1/), [PD-1](https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/), [PD-L1](https://onco.cc/targets/pdl1/), [PIK3CA / PI3K-alpha](https://onco.cc/targets/pik3ca/), [PIK3R1](https://onco.cc/targets/pik3r1/), [PMS2](https://onco.cc/targets/pms2/), [POLE](https://onco.cc/targets/pole/), [POLQ](https://onco.cc/targets/polq/), [PPARG](https://onco.cc/targets/pparg/), [PPP2R1A](https://onco.cc/targets/ppp2r1a/), [Progesterone receptor (PGR)](https://onco.cc/targets/pgr/), [PTEN](https://onco.cc/targets/pten/), [PTPN13](https://onco.cc/targets/ptpn13/), [RBM39](https://onco.cc/targets/rbm39/), [RIT1](https://onco.cc/targets/rit1/), [RNF213](https://onco.cc/targets/rnf213/), [RNF43](https://onco.cc/targets/rnf43/), [RRAS2](https://onco.cc/targets/rras2/), [SETDB1](https://onco.cc/targets/setdb1/), [SH2B3](https://onco.cc/targets/sh2b3/), [SOS1](https://onco.cc/targets/sos1/), [SOX17](https://onco.cc/targets/sox17/), [SPOP](https://onco.cc/targets/spop/), [STAG2](https://onco.cc/targets/stag2/), [STMN1](https://onco.cc/targets/stmn1/), [TP53](https://onco.cc/targets/tp53/), [TROP2](https://onco.cc/targets/trop2/), [U2AF1](https://onco.cc/targets/u2af1/), [VEGF / VEGFR](https://onco.cc/targets/vegf/), [WEE1](https://onco.cc/targets/wee1/), [WRN helicase (MSI-high cancers)](https://onco.cc/targets/wrn/), [ZFHX3](https://onco.cc/targets/zfhx3/)
- drugs: [Abemaciclib](https://onco.cc/drugs/abemaciclib/), [AVZO-021](https://onco.cc/drugs/avzo-021/), [Carboplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/carboplatin/), [Dostarlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/dostarlimab/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [EIK1005](https://onco.cc/drugs/eik1005/), [HS-20089](https://onco.cc/drugs/hs-20089/), [Lenvatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/lenvatinib/), [Letrozole (and other aromatase inhibitors)](https://onco.cc/drugs/letrozole/), [Lorigerlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/lorigerlimab/), [Luveltamab tazevibulin](https://onco.cc/drugs/luveltamab-tazevibulin/), [Megestrol acetate](https://onco.cc/drugs/megestrol/), [NP137](https://onco.cc/drugs/np137/), [Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/paclitaxel/), [Palacaparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/palacaparib/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Progestins (megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, levonorgestrel IUD)](https://onco.cc/drugs/megestrol-progestins/), [Puxitatug samrotecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/puxitatug-samrotecan/), [Rinatabart sesutecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/rinatabart-sesutecan/), [Sacituzumab tirumotecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/sacituzumab-tirumotecan/), [Sapanisertib](https://onco.cc/drugs/sapanisertib/), [Saruparib](https://onco.cc/drugs/saruparib/), [Selinexor](https://onco.cc/drugs/selinexor/), [Serabelisib](https://onco.cc/drugs/serabelisib/), [Trastuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/), [Trastuzumab pamirtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-pamirtecan/), [Ubamatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ubamatamab/), [VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel](https://onco.cc/drugs/ventana-mmr-rxdx/), [Vudalimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/vudalimab/)
- companies: [Acrivon Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/acrivon-therapeutics/), [ARCAGY-GINECO](https://onco.cc/companies/arcagy-gineco/), [Artios Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/artios-pharma/), [AstraZeneca](https://onco.cc/companies/astrazeneca/), [CMR Surgical](https://onco.cc/companies/cmr-surgical/), [Daiichi Sankyo](https://onco.cc/companies/daiichi-sankyo/), [Eikon Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/eikon-therapeutics/), [Eisai](https://onco.cc/companies/eisai/), [Genmab](https://onco.cc/companies/genmab/), [GOG Foundation](https://onco.cc/companies/gog-foundation/), [GSK](https://onco.cc/companies/gsk/), [GV20 Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/gv20-therapeutics/), [Kartos Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/kartos-therapeutics/), [Karyopharm Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/karyopharm/), [Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group](https://onco.cc/companies/kgog/), [Merck & Co. (MSD)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck/), [Mersana Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/mersana/), [ModeX Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/modex-therapeutics/), [NRG Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/nrg-oncology/), [Outcomes4Me](https://onco.cc/companies/outcomes4me/), [Quanta Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/quanta-therapeutics/), [Radiopharm Theranostics](https://onco.cc/companies/radiopharm-theranostics/), [Shenzhen Ionova Life Sciences](https://onco.cc/companies/shenzhen-ionova-life-sciences/), [TROG Cancer Research](https://onco.cc/companies/trog/)
- pathways: [Endometrial cancer (KEGG map)](https://onco.cc/pathways/endometrial-cancer-signalling/), [Lipid synthesis, uptake & cholesterol](https://onco.cc/pathways/lipid-metabolism-cancer/), [Mismatch repair & microsatellite instability](https://onco.cc/pathways/mismatch-repair-msi/), [PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation](https://onco.cc/pathways/pd1-checkpoint/), [PI3K / AKT / mTOR](https://onco.cc/pathways/pi3k-akt-mtor/), [Wnt / β-catenin](https://onco.cc/pathways/wnt/)
- terms: [Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)](https://onco.cc/terms/endometrial-molecular-classes/), [Glycaemic index and glycaemic load](https://onco.cc/terms/glycaemic-index/), [Hysterectomy](https://onco.cc/terms/hysterectomy/), [Lynch syndrome](https://onco.cc/terms/lynch-syndrome/), [Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance](https://onco.cc/terms/metabolic-syndrome/), [Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/msi/), [Microsatellite-stable (MSS) / mismatch-repair proficient (pMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/mss-pmmr/), [Obesity-related cancers (IARC list of 13)](https://onco.cc/terms/obesity-related-cancers/), [TP53-mutated (p53-abnormal)](https://onco.cc/terms/tp53-mutated/), [Tumour-agnostic (tissue-agnostic) approval](https://onco.cc/terms/tumour-agnostic/)
- trials: [177Lu-BetaBart in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory, Locally Advanced Inoperable, or Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07189871/), [A Clinical Study of the Anti-cancer Effects of an Investigational Therapy or Chemotherapy in Patients With Recurring Uterine Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06340568/), [A Phase 1/2 Trial of TER-2013 in Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring AKT/PI3K/PTEN Pathway Alterations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07109726/), [A Phase 2 Study of ACR-368 in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05548296/), [A Phase 2 Study of Zanidatamab in Patients With HER2-expressing Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06695845/), [A Phase 3B Study to Evaluate Bone Mineral Density With Long-Term Use of Relugolix Combination Tablet in Women With Uterine Fibroids or Endometriosis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05862272/), [A Phase I/II Study of VLS-1488 in Subjects With Advanced Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05902988/), [A Phase I/IIa Study of AZD8205 Given Alone or Combined, in Participants With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05123482/), [A Study of ART0380 for the Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04657068/), [A Study of BL-B01D1 + Pembrolizumab ± Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer and Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07054567/), [A Study of Disitamab Vedotin in Previously Treated Solid Tumors That Express HER2](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06003231/), [A Study of DM002 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06751329/), [A Study of Dostarlimab in Combination With Carboplatin-paclitaxel in Chinese Participants With Primary Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer (EC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07108270/), [A Study of E7386 in Combination With Other Anticancer Drug(s) in Participants With Solid Tumor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04008797/), [A Study of Emiltatug Ledadotin (Emi-Le) in Participants With Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05377996/), [A Study of GV20-0251 Monotherapy and GV20-0251 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Participants With Solid Tumor Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05669430/), [A Study of HER3-DXd in Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06172478/), [A Study of Ixabepilone as Second-line Therapy for Locally Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00883116/), [A Study of Lifileucel (Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes) in Adults With Advanced Endometrial Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06481592/), [A Study of Lorigerlimab in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06730347/), [A Study of PARG Inhibitor ETX-19477 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06395519/), [A Study of Tulmimetostat DZR123 (CPI-0209) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors and Lymphomas](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04104776/), [A Study of XmAb20717 (Vudalimab)in Patients With Selected Advanced Gynecologic and Genitourinary Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05032040/), [A Study to Compare Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Pembrolizumab Alone as Treatment in Participan](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06952504/), [A Study to Evaluate SSGJ-707 in Advanced Gynecologic Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06522828/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of HB0025 Injection in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06758557/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Antitumor Activity of INV-6452 in Adult Patients With Hormone Receptor Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Negative (HR+/HER2-) Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer or Locally Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07612891/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Antitumor Activity of INV-8989 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring KRAS G12D Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07610798/), [A Study to Evaluate the Use of Durvalumab in Combination With Platinum-based Chemotherapy Followed by Durvalumab With Olaparib as First-line Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06746116/), [A Study to Find Out How Safe REGN5668 is and How Well it Works In Adult Women When Given With Either Cemiplimab, or Cemiplimab + Fianlimab, or Ubamata](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04590326/), [A Study to Investigate APL-5125 in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06399757/), [A Study to Investigate Mocertatug Rezetecan Compared With Chemotherapy in Participants With Endometrial Cancer After Platinum-based Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy (BEHOLD-Endometrial01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07286331/), [A Study to Investigate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Effectiveness of GSK4418959 Alone or in Combination With Other Anti-cancer Agents in Participants With Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06710847/), [An Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial of TCC1727 Combination Therapy in Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07371663/), [Basket Study of Tucatinib and Trastuzumab in Solid Tumors With HER2 Alterations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04579380/), [DESTINY-Endometrial01: A Phase III Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Plus Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab as First-Line Treatment of HER2-Expressing (IHC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06989112/), [DESTINY-PanTumor02](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-pantumor02/), [Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of MDX2001 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06239194/), [DUO-E / GOG-3041 / ENGOT-EN10](https://onco.cc/trials/duo-e/), [EIK1005-002: A Clinical Research Study Evaluating EIK1005, a Werner Helicase Inhibitor, as Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Partic](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07262619/), [FIRES & SENTOR (sentinel node mapping)](https://onco.cc/trials/fires-sentor/), [GARNET](https://onco.cc/trials/garnet/), [GYNecological Cancers Treated with NETrin MAbs in Combination with Chemotherapy and /or Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04652076/), [HS-20089 in Patients With Ovarian Cancer and Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06014190/), [KEYNOTE-775 / Study 309](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-775/), [Mirena® ± Metformin as Fertility-preserving Treatment for Young Asian Women With Early Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02990728/), [NRG-GY018 / KEYNOTE-868](https://onco.cc/trials/nrg-gy018-keynote-868/), [Phase I/IIa Study of AZD5335 as Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Participants With Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05797168/), [PORTEC-2](https://onco.cc/trials/portec-2/), [PORTEC-3](https://onco.cc/trials/portec-3/), [Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy in Cancer Patients With Adjustment Disorder](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07072728/), [Puxitatug Samrotecan (AZD8205) Monotherapy vs Chemotherapy in B7-H4-selected Endometrial Cancer (Bluestar-Endometrial01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07044336/), [RAINFOL-01 (Rina-S)](https://onco.cc/trials/rainfol-01/), [Relacorilant in Combination With Different Treatment Regimens in Patients With Gynecological Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06906341/), [RUBY / ENGOT-EN6 / GOG-3031](https://onco.cc/trials/ruby/), [Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (MK-2870) in Post Platinum and Post Immunotherapy Endometrial Cancer (MK-2870-005)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06132958/), [Sapanisertib and Serabelisib (PIKTOR) With Paclitaxel and a Substudy With an Insulin-Suppressing Diet in Patients With Advanced/Recurrent Endometrial ](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06463028/), [Study of AVZO-021 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05867251/), [Study of Dato-DXd as Monotherapy and in Combination With Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumours (TROPION-PanTumor03)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05489211/), [Study of Envafolimab Alone or With Lenvatinib in Patients With Advanced Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05112991/), [Study of Fruquintinib Plus Sintilimab for Treatment of Advanced Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06584032/), [Study of GV20-0251 in Participants With Solid Tumor Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07070518/), [Study of LY3537982 in Cancer Patients With a Specific Genetic Mutation (KRAS G12C)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04956640/), [Study of Navtemadlin as Maintenance Therapy in TP53WT Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05797831/), [Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Combination With Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Radiotherapy in Participants With Newly Diagnosed Endometrial Cancer After Surgery With Curative Intent (MK-3475-B21 / KEYNOTE-B21 / ENGOT-en11 / GOG-3053)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04634877/), [Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (MK-3475-158/KEYNOTE-158)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02628067/), [Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Chemotherapy in Mismatch Repair Deficient (dMMR) Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma (MK-3475-C93/KEYNOTE-C93/GOG-3064/ENGOT-en15)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05173987/), [Study of REGN4018 (Ubamatamab) Administered Alone or in Combination With Cemiplimab in Adult Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer or Other Recurrent](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03564340/), [Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan Versus Treatment of Physician's Choice in Participants With Endometrial Cancer After Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and Im](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06486441/), [Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Versus Standard of Care Chemotherapy for HER2-Expressing (IHC 3+/2+) Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07022483/), [Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Rina-S Compared to Treatment of Investigator's Choice in Participants With Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07166094/), [SYD985 in Patients With HER2-expressing Recurrent, Advanced or Metastatic Endometrial Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04205630/), [The Evaluation of PC14586 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring a TP53 Y220C Mutation (PYNNACLE)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04585750/), [Treatment With Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Plus LNG-IUS in Young Women With Early Stage Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01594879/), [Trial of Nab-Sirolimus in Combination With Letrozole in Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05997017/), [Value of LNG-IUS as Fertility-preserving Treatment of EAH and EC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03463252/), [XPORT-EC-042 / ENGOT-EN20 / GOG-3083](https://onco.cc/trials/xport-ec-042/)
- key papers: [Calle 2003: overweight, obesity and death from cancer in 900,000 US adults](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-calle-obesity-cancer-mortality-nejm-2003/), [CAPP2: two years of aspirin cuts bowel cancer in Lynch syndrome by more than a third over 10 years](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-capp2-aspirin-lynch-lancet-2020/), [First trial of a vaccine against the shared neoantigens of mismatch-repair-deficient cancers](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-ccr-2020/), [IARC verdict: excess body fat causes 13 cancers](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-body-fatness-iarc-nejm-2016/), [Ivermectin and gynecologic cancer: what's the data?](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mujumdar-ivermectin-gynaecological-cancer-2025/), [RUBY: dostarlimab with chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ruby-nejm-2023/), [Siegel 2024: Cancer statistics, 2024, the American Cancer Society's annual US report](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2024-cacancer-2024/)
- journals: [International journal of gynecological cancer](https://onco.cc/journals/international-journal-of-gynecological-cancer/), [Journal of gynecologic oncology](https://onco.cc/journals/journal-of-gynecologic-oncology/)
- ideas: [A frameshift neoantigen vaccine for Lynch syndrome carriers as the first preventive cancer vaccine approval](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-lynch-vaccine-phase3/), [A randomised trial of a shared-antigen vaccine to prevent Lynch syndrome cancers](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-rct/), [A trial of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs with cancer as the primary outcome](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-glp1-cancer-prevention-rct/), [GLP-1 drugs to reverse endometrial precancer in women with obesity](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-glp1-endometrial-hyperplasia/), [HER2 ADCs as standard for HER2-positive serous endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-her2-adc-serous-endometrial/), [Link bariatric and GLP-1 registries to cancer registries in every country that has both](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-nl-bariatric-cancer-registry-linkage/), [Molecular-class-directed adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-molecular-class-adjuvant-endometrial/), [WRN inhibitors: a second synthetic-lethal win for mismatch-repair cancers](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio1-wrn-msi-programme/)
- institutions: [European Society of Gynaecological Oncology](https://onco.cc/institutions/esgo/), [Northwell Health Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/northwell-cancer-institute/), [Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli](https://onco.cc/institutions/gemelli/), [Society of Gynecologic Oncology](https://onco.cc/institutions/sgo/), [Stephenson Cancer Center, OU Health](https://onco.cc/institutions/stephenson-oklahoma/), [Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology](https://onco.cc/institutions/tongji-hospital-wuhan/)
- people: [Amanda Nickles Fader](https://onco.cc/people/amanda-fader/), [Amit M. Oza](https://onco.cc/people/amit-oza/), [Ana Oaknin](https://onco.cc/people/ana-oaknin/), [Ane Gerda Eriksson](https://onco.cc/people/ane-gerda-eriksson/), [Antonio González-Martín](https://onco.cc/people/antonio-gonzalez-martin/), [Carien L. Creutzberg](https://onco.cc/people/carien-creutzberg/), [Domenica Lorusso](https://onco.cc/people/domenica-lorusso/), [Douglas A. Levine](https://onco.cc/people/douglas-levine/), [Giovanni Scambia](https://onco.cc/people/giovanni-scambia/), [Jalid Sehouli](https://onco.cc/people/jalid-sehouli/), [Jean-Pierre Delord](https://onco.cc/people/jean-pierre-delord/), [Karen H. Lu](https://onco.cc/people/karen-lu/), [Mansoor Raza Mirza](https://onco.cc/people/mansoor-raza-mirza/), [Matthew A. Powell](https://onco.cc/people/matthew-powell/), [Nicole Concin](https://onco.cc/people/nicole-concin/), [Patrick Mehlen](https://onco.cc/people/patrick-mehlen/), [Ramez N. Eskander](https://onco.cc/people/ramez-eskander/), [Remi A. Nout](https://onco.cc/people/remi-nout/), [Robert S. Mannel](https://onco.cc/people/robert-mannel/), [Sara Y. Brucker](https://onco.cc/people/sara-brucker/), [Sébastien Armanet](https://onco.cc/people/sebastien-armanet/), [Shannon N. Westin](https://onco.cc/people/shannon-westin/), [Thomas Herzog](https://onco.cc/people/thomas-herzog/), [Vicky Makker](https://onco.cc/people/vicky-makker/)
- bottlenecks: [Funding follows fashion, not burden](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-funding-allocation/), [Inherited risk is mostly unidentified](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-hereditary-risk/)
- biomarkers: [AKT1 E17K mutation](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/akt1-e17k/), [dMMR (mismatch repair deficiency by IHC)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/dmmr-ihc/), [ER status (oestrogen receptor by IHC)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/er-status/), [Folate receptor alpha expression (FRα-positive, PS2+ >= 75%)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/folr1-expression/), [MSI-high (microsatellite instability by PCR or sequencing)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/msi-high/), [PIK3CA mutation](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pik3ca-hotspot-mutation/), [PR status (progesterone receptor by IHC)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pr-status/), [PTEN alteration (sequencing) and PTEN loss (IHC)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pten-alteration/), [TP53 mutation and del(17p)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/tp53-del17p/)
- cancers: [Advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-recurrent-endometrial-cancer/), [Endometrial cancer with no specific molecular profile](https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial-nsmp/), [Mismatch-repair-deficient endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial-mmr-deficient/), [p53-abnormal endometrial cancer, including uterine serous carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial-p53-abnormal/), [POLE-ultramutated endometrial cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/endometrial-pole-ultramutated/), [Uterine carcinosarcoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/uterine-carcinosarcoma/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/endometrial.json