# Endoscopy (EGD, EUS, ERCP)

Source: https://onco.cc/terms/endoscopy/  
OnCo record `endoscopy` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Looking inside a hollow organ with a camera on a flexible tube, taking biopsies and sometimes treating on the spot.

## Summary

Upper endoscopy diagnoses and surveils oesophageal and gastric cancer and Barrett's; endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) images the wall layers and nearby nodes and guides fine-needle biopsy of pancreatic masses; ERCP cannulates the bile duct to biopsy and place stents in obstructive jaundice; cystoscopy is the equivalent for the bladder. Lugol chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging highlight early squamous and Barrett's neoplasia. Population endoscopic screening is standard in Japan and Korea for gastric cancer.

## Fields

- Kind: Term
- Last checked: 2026-09-09
- Also known as: endoscopic; upper endoscopy; gastroscopy; endoscopic ultrasound; EUS; ERCP; chromoendoscopy; cystoscopy; endoscopies; cystoscopies

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy

## Connected records

- terms: [Biliary drainage routes: ERCP stent, percutaneous (PTC) and EUS-guided](https://onco.cc/terms/biliary-drainage-routes/), [Colonoscopy](https://onco.cc/terms/colonoscopy/), [Duodenal stenting and gastrojejunostomy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction](https://onco.cc/terms/duodenal-stenting-gastric-outlet/), [Helicobacter pylori eradication as cancer treatment in gastric MALT lymphoma](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-h-pylori-eradication/), [Obstruction and T4 disease in bowel cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/obstructing-colorectal-cancer/), [Obstructive jaundice and biliary obstruction](https://onco.cc/terms/obstructive-jaundice/), [Stenting (biliary, oesophageal, airway)](https://onco.cc/terms/biliary-stent/), [Watch and wait after chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/watch-and-wait-rectal-cancer/)
- technologies: [Capsule endoscopy (PillCam, EndoCapsule, CapsoCam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/capsule-endoscopy-systems/), [Endoscopic resection (EMR / ESD)](https://onco.cc/technologies/endoscopic-resection/), [Endoscopic ultrasound and EBUS systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/endoscopic-ultrasound-systems/)
- cancers: [Adenoma-like adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal-adenoma-like-adenocarcinoma/), [Ampullary cancer (ampulla of Vater)](https://onco.cc/cancers/ampullary/), [Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/cholangiocarcinoma/), [Bladder & urothelial cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/urothelial/), [Colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal/), [Early gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/early-gastric-cancer/), [Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/enteropathy-associated-t-cell-lymphoma/), [Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (perihilar and distal)](https://onco.cc/cancers/extrahepatic-cholangiocarcinoma/), [Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/malt-lymphoma/), [Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/extranodal-nk-t-cell-lymphoma/), [Familial adenomatous polyposis-associated colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/fap-associated-colorectal-cancer/), [Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/), [Gastric MALT lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric-malt-lymphoma/), [Goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix](https://onco.cc/cancers/goblet-cell-adenocarcinoma/), [Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and other pancreatic cystic precursors](https://onco.cc/cancers/ipmn-cystic-precursors/), [Localised small bowel adenocarcinoma (stage I to III, resected)](https://onco.cc/cancers/localised-small-bowel-adenocarcinoma/), [Oesophageal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/esophageal/), [Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/pancreatic/), [Small intestine cancer (small bowel adenocarcinoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/small-bowel/)
- fronts: [Diagnostics & Biomarkers](https://onco.cc/fronts/diagnostics/)
- key papers: [Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths (National Polyp Study)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-zauber-national-polyp-study-colonoscopic-polypectomy-nejm-2012/), [Long term effects of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening after 17 years of follow-up](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-atkin-flexible-sigmoidoscopy-17-year-follow-up-lancet-2017/), [NordICC: inviting people to a screening colonoscopy reduced bowel cancer, but less than expected](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nordicc-nejm-2022/), [Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-atkin-once-only-flexible-sigmoidoscopy-lancet-2010/), [Quality indicators for colonoscopy and the risk of interval cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kaminski-adenoma-detection-rate-interval-cancer-nejm-2010/), [Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer (Nottingham)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-hardcastle-nottingham-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996/)
- ideas: [UK gap: match endoscopy capacity and quality to the faecal immunochemical test thresholds the NHS has already set](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-uk-colonoscopy-capacity-and-fit-threshold/)

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