# Etoposide

Source: https://onco.cc/drugs/etoposide/  
OnCo record `etoposide` (Treatment). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Etoposide is a chemotherapy from the mayapple plant, essential to curing testicular cancer (BEP), treating small-cell lung cancer, lymphomas, childhood sarcomas and leukaemias, and used in transplant conditioning.

## Summary

Approved 1983. BEP/EP (germ cell), platinum-etoposide (SCLC, neuroendocrine carcinoma), VDC/IE (Ewing), ICE/DHAP salvage (lymphoma), EPOCH, HLH and Wilms/neuroblastoma regimens, EMA-CO (GTN), oral etoposide palliation, high-dose conditioning (BEAM). Secondary AML with 11q23 (KMT2A) rearrangement is a recognised late effect.

## Fields

- Kind: Treatment
- Status: approved
- Last checked: 2026-09-08
- Tags: gap-fill; generic; who-essential
- Brand: VePesid / Etopophos / Toposar
- Modality: Topoisomerase II inhibitor (podophyllotoxin derivative)
- Mechanism: Stabilises topoisomerase II-DNA cleavage complexes, producing double-strand breaks in S/G2; schedule-dependent (multi-day dosing).
- Approvals: US 1983: Refractory testicular tumours; small-cell lung cancer (1986)

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etoposide
- Label (DailyMed): https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=etoposide

## Connected records

- cancers: [Acute myeloid leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/aml/), [Acute myeloid leukaemia in children](https://onco.cc/cancers/aml-paediatric/), [Adrenocortical carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/adrenocortical/), [Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/adult-t-cell-leukaemia-lymphoma/), [Advanced and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ENSAT stage IV or unresectable)](https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-adrenocortical-carcinoma/), [Advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (stage III to IV)](https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-stage-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Burkitt lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/), [Cancer of unknown primary, favourable subsets](https://onco.cc/cancers/cup-favourable-subsets/), [Central nervous system germ cell tumours (germinoma and non-germinomatous)](https://onco.cc/cancers/cns-germ-cell-tumours/), [Choriocarcinoma of the testis](https://onco.cc/cancers/testicular-choriocarcinoma/), [Choroid plexus carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/choroid-plexus-carcinoma/), [Desmoplastic small round cell tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/desmoplastic-small-round-cell-tumour/), [Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/dlbcl/), [Early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (stage I to II)](https://onco.cc/cancers/early-stage-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Embryonal carcinoma of the testis](https://onco.cc/cancers/embryonal-carcinoma-testis/), [Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/enteropathy-associated-t-cell-lymphoma/), [Ependymoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/ependymoma/), [Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms](https://onco.cc/cancers/histiocytoses/), [Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/esthesioneuroblastoma/), [Ewing sarcoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/ewing-sarcoma/), [Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/extensive-stage-sclc/), [Extragonadal germ cell tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/extragonadal-germ-cell-tumour/), [Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/extranodal-nk-t-cell-lymphoma/), [Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/extrapulmonary-nec/), [Germ cell tumours of childhood and adolescence (extracranial and CNS)](https://onco.cc/cancers/paediatric-germ-cell-tumours/), [Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia](https://onco.cc/cancers/gestational-trophoblastic/), [Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/hepatosplenic-t-cell-lymphoma/), [High-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 7 or more, including ultra-high-risk)](https://onco.cc/cancers/high-risk-gtn/), [High-risk neuroblastoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/neuroblastoma-high-risk/), [HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas](https://onco.cc/cancers/hiv-associated-lymphoma/), [Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Intermediate-risk neuroblastoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/neuroblastoma-intermediate-risk/), [Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/limited-stage-sclc/), [Localised adrenocortical carcinoma (ENSAT stage I to III, resectable)](https://onco.cc/cancers/localised-adrenocortical-carcinoma/), [Low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 0 to 6)](https://onco.cc/cancers/low-risk-gtn/), [Low-risk neuroblastoma (INRG very low and low risk, including stage MS)](https://onco.cc/cancers/neuroblastoma-low-risk/), [Lung cancer (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/lung-cancer/), [Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST)](https://onco.cc/cancers/malignant-peripheral-nerve-sheath-tumour/), [Mediastinal germ cell tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/mediastinal-germ-cell-tumour/), [Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/monomorphic-epitheliotropic-intestinal-t-cell-lymphoma/), [Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (including esthesioneuroblastoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/sinonasal/), [Neuroendocrine and small-cell prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/prostate-nepc/), [Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast](https://onco.cc/cancers/neuroendocrine-neoplasms-breast/), [Neuroendocrine tumours](https://onco.cc/cancers/neuroendocrine/), [Nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic type (angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/angioimmunoblastic-t-cell-lymphoma/), [Non-seminomatous germ cell tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/non-seminoma/), [NUT carcinoma (midline carcinoma with NUTM1 rearrangement)](https://onco.cc/cancers/nut-carcinoma/), [Osteosarcoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/osteosarcoma/), [Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma/), [Placental-site trophoblastic tumour and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/placental-site-trophoblastic-tumour/), [Plasmablastic lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/plasmablastic-lymphoma/), [Primary effusion lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/primary-effusion-lymphoma/), [Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma/), [Relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children](https://onco.cc/cancers/all-paediatric-relapsed/), [Relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/relapsed-refractory-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Retinoblastoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/retinoblastoma/), [Retroperitoneal germ cell tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/retroperitoneal-germ-cell-tumour/), [Rhabdomyosarcoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/rhabdomyosarcoma/), [Seminoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/seminoma/), [SHH-activated medulloblastoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/medulloblastoma-shh/), [Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) and SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/sinonasal-undifferentiated-carcinoma/), [Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix](https://onco.cc/cancers/cervical-small-cell-neuroendocrine-carcinoma/), [Small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/sclc/), [Testicular germ cell tumours](https://onco.cc/cancers/testicular/), [Unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/stage-iii-unresectable-nsclc/), [Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/wilms-tumor/), [Yolk sac tumour of the testis, postpubertal type](https://onco.cc/cancers/yolk-sac-tumour-postpubertal/)
- technologies: [Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/), [Cytotoxic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/), [Generic sterile injectables (the 2023 platinum shortage)](https://onco.cc/technologies/sterile-injectable-generics-manufacturing/), [Second cancers after childhood cancer: the risk by treatment, and why it is falling](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-second-cancers/), [Topoisomerase-I inhibitors (and ADC payloads)](https://onco.cc/technologies/topoisomerase-inhibitors/)
- targets: [KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement](https://onco.cc/targets/kmt2a/), [Topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A)](https://onco.cc/targets/top2a/)
- companies: [Bristol Myers Squibb](https://onco.cc/companies/bms/)
- trials: [A Clinical Study of Gocatamig (MK-6070) and Infinatamab Deruxtecan (MK-2400) in People With Small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-6070-003)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07227597/), [A Phase 3, Controlled, Open-label, Global Randomized Study of RRx-001 With a Platinum Doublet or a Platinum Doublet in Small Cell Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05566041/), [A Phase I/II Study of CS2009 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06741644/), [A Phase II Clinical Study of Adebrelimab Combined With Chemotherapy and Concurrent Radiotherapy for Extensive-Stage Oligometastatic SCLC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06177925/), [A Phase III, Randomised Study of Adjuvant Dato-DXd in Combination With Rilvegostomig or Rilvegostomig Monotherapy Versus Standard of Care, Following C](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06564844/), [A Single-arm, Exploratory Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab in Combination With Anlotinib and Etoposide as First-line Therapy for](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07728955/), [A Study Comparing BL-B01D1 Combined With Tislelizumab Versus Platinum-containing Chemotherapy Combined With Tislelizumab as First-line Treatment in Pa](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07502300/), [A Study Comparing QLC5508 in Combination With QL2107 Versus Tislelizumab Plus Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Participants Wih Treatment-naïve Extensive-Stage Sm](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07802821/), [A Study Comparing Tarlatamab, Durvalumab, Carboplatin, and Etoposide Versus Durvalumab, Carboplatin, and Etoposide in First-line Extensive Stage Small](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07005128/), [A Study of ASP2215 Versus Salvage Chemotherapy In Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) With FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) Mutation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03182244/), [A Study of Benmelstobart, Anlotinib, Chemotherapy and Thoracic Radiotherapy for People With Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07538271/), [A Study of Ivonescimab in First-Line ES-SCLC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07245446/), [A Study of Peluntamig (PT217) in Patients With Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Expressing DLL3 (the SKYBRIDGE Study)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05652686/), [A Study of PM8002 (Anti-PD-L1/VEGF) in Combination With Chemotherapy in Patients With ES-SCLC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05844150/), [A Study to Compare Standard Chemotherapy to Therapy With CPX-351 and/or Gilteritinib for Patients With Newly Diagnosed AML With or Without FLT3 Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04293562/), [A Study to Evaluate Glofitamab Monotherapy and Glofitamab + Chemoimmunotherapy in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Matu](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05533775/), [A Study to Evaluate the Optimal Dose, Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Intravenous ABBV-706 in Combination With Atezolizumab Versus St](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07155174/), [A Trial of SHR-7787 Injection Combined With Other Anti-tumor Drugs in Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07268040/), [A Trial to Learn How Effective and Safe Odronextamab is Compared to Standard of Care for Adult Participants With Previously Treated Aggressive B-cell ](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06230224/), [ACNS0121](https://onco.cc/trials/acns0121/), [ACNS0122](https://onco.cc/trials/acns0122/), [ACNS0333](https://onco.cc/trials/acns0333/), [ACNS1123](https://onco.cc/trials/acns1123/), [ACTG A5263/AMC 066](https://onco.cc/trials/actg-a5263/), [ADIUVO-2](https://onco.cc/trials/adiuvo-2/), [AEWS0031](https://onco.cc/trials/aews0031/), [AGCT1531](https://onco.cc/trials/agct1531/), [AHL2011](https://onco.cc/trials/ahl2011/), [AHOD1331](https://onco.cc/trials/ahod1331/), [Alliance/CALGB 50303](https://onco.cc/trials/calgb-50303/), [ANBL0531](https://onco.cc/trials/anbl0531/), [ANBL17P1](https://onco.cc/trials/anbl17p1/), [Atezolizumab and Rechallenge Chemotherapy in Relapsed Patients With Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC).](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06663098/), [BL-M14D1 Plus Atezolizumab vs Standard of Care in First-Line Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (BrenDeLL-Lung01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07625644/), [BMT CTN 0803](https://onco.cc/trials/bmt-ctn-0803/), [CAPSTONE-1](https://onco.cc/trials/capstone-1/), [Clinical Study of XNW5004 Combined With CHOP/CHOEP in the Treatment of Untreated Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07730515/), [Clofarabine Plus Cytarabine Versus Conventional Induction Therapy And A Study Of NK Cell Transplantation In Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00703820/), [COG AREN0533](https://onco.cc/trials/aren0533/), [Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Ph-Like TKI Sensitive Mutations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02883049/), [Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00003436/), [Combination Chemotherapy With or Without G-CSF in Treating Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00002719/), [Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Lestaurtinib in Treating Younger Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00557193/), [Combination Chemotherapy, Biological Therapy, and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00002658/), [Comparing Photon Therapy To Proton Therapy To Treat Patients With Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01993810/), [DAREON ® -Lung-1: A Study in People With Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer to Compare Obrixtamig Plus Atezolizumab, Carboplatin, and Etoposide Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07472517/), [DAREON®-NEC-1: A Study in People With Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Cancer (epNEC) to Compare Obrixtamig Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide Treatment With Standard Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07544654/), [EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10](https://onco.cc/trials/eortc-h10/), [EURAMOS-1](https://onco.cc/trials/euramos-1/), [EuroNet-PHL-C2](https://onco.cc/trials/euronet-phl-c2/), [GETUG 13](https://onco.cc/trials/getug-13/), [GHSG HD18](https://onco.cc/trials/hd18/), [High-Risk Neuroblastoma Study 2 of SIOP-Europa-Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04221035/), [Hormone Therapy Plus Radiation Therapy With or Without Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00004054/), [IALT (International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial)](https://onco.cc/trials/ialt/), [IN10018 Combination Therapy in Treatment-naïve ES-SCLC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06030258/), [Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010](https://onco.cc/trials/inter-b-nhl-ritux-2010/), [Intergroup 0096 (Turrisi): twice-daily versus once-daily thoracic radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/turrisi-intergroup-0096/), [International Collaborative Treatment Protocol For Children And Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01117441/), [JCOG9801](https://onco.cc/trials/jcog9801/), [LACE (Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation) pooled analysis](https://onco.cc/trials/lace-pooled-analysis/), [MATRix/IELSG43](https://onco.cc/trials/ielsg43/), [MOnaliZumab in Combination With durvAlumab (MEDI4736) for tRreatmenT of Small Cell Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05903092/), [Omitting CTV for Primary Tumor in LS-SCLC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07008716/), [Palifermin for the Reduction of Oral Mucositis in Single-dose Evaluation (PROMISE)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00109031/), [Pembrolizumab/Vibostolimab (MK-7684A) or Atezolizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in First Line Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (MK-7684A-008/KEYVIBE-008)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05224141/), [Pharmacogenomics ANDA SNP Clinical Study - Etoposide and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01064466/), [Phase I/II Trial in ES-SCLC to Enhance Response to Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy With Total Body Irradiation](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06110572/), [Response-Based Chemotherapy in Treating Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Younger Patients With Down Syndrome](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02521493/), [Rituximab, Rasburicase, and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced B-Cell Leukemia or Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00057811/), [Safety and Efficacy of BNT327, an Investigational Therapy in Combination With Chemotherapy for Patients With Untreated Small-cell Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06712355/), [Safety and Efficacy of Quizartinib in Children and Young Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a Cancer of the Blood](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03793478/), [Safety, Preliminary Effectiveness of BNT327, an Investigational Therapy for Patients With Small-cell Lung Cancer in Combination With Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06449209/), [SKB500 Combinations in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07296809/), [SMILE](https://onco.cc/trials/smile-enktl/), [Study of Atezolizumab Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide With or Without Tiragolumab in Participants With Untreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04665856/), [Study of AZD2811 + Durvalumab in ES-SCLC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04745689/), [Study of Pembrolizumab With Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy Followed by Pembrolizumab With or Without Olaparib in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-7339-012/KEYLYNK-012)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04380636/), [Study of Pixantrone in CD20+ Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03458260/), [SYS6090 Combination Therapy in Advanced Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07472647/), [Teniposide, Cisplatin and Serplulimab for Treatment of ES-SCLC, a Randomized Controlled Study](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07583511/), [Testing the Addition of a New Immunotherapy Drug, Atezolizumab (MPDL3280A), to the Usual Chemoradiation (CRT) Therapy Treatment for Limited Stage Small Cell Lun](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03811002/), [Testing the Addition of an Antibody to Standard Chemoradiation Followed by the Antibody for One Year to Standard Chemoradiation Followed by One Year of the Anti](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04092283/), [Testing the Addition of High Dose, Targeted Radiation to the Usual Treatment for Locally-Advanced Inoperable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05624996/), [Therapy for Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01700946/), [TIGER: standard-dose TIP versus high-dose TI-CE with stem cell transplant as first salvage for relapsed germ cell tumours](https://onco.cc/trials/tiger-trial/), [Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplasia](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00136084/), [Treatment Protocol of the NHL-BFM and the NOPHO Study Groups for Mature Aggressive B-cell Lymphoma and Leukemia in Children and Adolescents](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03206671/), [Using Tumor Models to Determine Treatments](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06813079/), [ZEN-3694 with platinum chemotherapy in NUT carcinoma (NCI phase 1/2)](https://onco.cc/trials/zen-3694-platinum-nut/)
- people: [Lance Armstrong](https://onco.cc/people/lance-armstrong/)
- key papers: [ACTG A5263/AMC 066: three chemotherapy regimens with antiretroviral therapy for advanced AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma in resource-limited settings](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-actg-a5263-kaposi-sarcoma-resource-limited-krown-lancet-2020/), [Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R compared with R-CHOP as frontline therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: clinical outcomes of the phase III intergroup trial Alliance/CALGB 50303](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-calgb-50303-da-epoch-r-vs-r-chop-jco-2019/), [Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-paz-ares-caspian-durvalumab-es-sclc-lancet-2019/), [Early positron emission tomography response-adapted treatment in stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-eortc-h10-pet-adapted-early-hodgkin-jco-2017/), [EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumours: results from a cohort of 272 patients](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bower-ema-co-high-risk-gtn-charing-cross-jco-1997/), [FIGO Cancer Report 2021: diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-figo-cancer-report-gestational-trophoblastic-disease-ijgo-2021/), [FIRM-ACT: combination chemotherapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-firm-act-edp-mitotane-adrenocortical-carcinoma-nejm-2012/), [GHSG HD21: PET-guided BrECADD versus escalated BEACOPP in advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ghsg-hd21-brecadd-vs-ebeacopp-advanced-hodgkin-lancet-2024/), [HR-NBL1/SIOPEN: busulfan-melphalan versus carboplatin-etoposide-melphalan high-dose chemotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-hr-nbl1-busulfan-melphalan-ladenstein-lancet-oncol-2017/), [Induction chemotherapy response as a guide to treatment optimisation in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-amit-induction-chemotherapy-response-snuc-jco-2019/), [Intensified therapies improve survival and identification of novel prognostic factors for placental-site and epithelioid trophoblastic tumours](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-froeling-pstt-ett-intensified-therapy-bjc-2019/), [Lung adjuvant cisplatin evaluation: a pooled analysis by the LACE Collaborative Group](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lace-adjuvant-cisplatin-pooled-analysis-jco-2008/), [PET-adapted treatment for newly diagnosed advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (AHL2011): a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ahl2011-pet-adapted-treatment-advanced-hodgkin-lancet-oncol-2019/), [PET-guided treatment in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD18): final results of an open-label, international, randomised phase 3 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ghsg-hd18-pet-guided-escalated-beacopp-lancet-2017/), [Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the NK-Cell Tumor Study Group study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-smile-chemotherapy-nk-t-cell-lymphoma-jco-2011/), [Prognostic markers and long-term outcome of placental-site trophoblastic tumours: a retrospective observational study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-schmid-placental-site-trophoblastic-tumour-outcomes-lancet-2009/), [Treatment of disseminated germ cell tumours with cisplatin, bleomycin and either vinblastine or etoposide](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-williams-bep-vs-pvb-nejm-1987/), [Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-turrisi-twice-daily-thoracic-radiotherapy-limited-sclc-nejm-1999/), [VCAP-AMP-VECP compared with biweekly CHOP for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG9801](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-jcog9801-vcap-amp-vecp-adult-t-cell-leukaemia-jco-2007/)
- terms: [Histological response to induction chemotherapy (osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma)](https://onco.cc/terms/histological-response-induction/), [Stem cell transplant in lymphoma: what it is still for](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-transplant-role/), [The lymphoma regimen alphabet: R-CHOP, pola-R-CHP, DA-EPOCH-R, ABVD, BEACOPP and the rest](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet/), [Topoisomerase II inhibitors and the shorter latency](https://onco.cc/terms/rejuv-second-topoisomerase-inhibitors-short-latency/)
- ideas: [Randomised evidence for the T-cell lymphomas, including the ones that are not in Europe or North America](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-randomised-evidence-for-the-t-cell-lymphomas/)
- drugs: [Amsacrine](https://onco.cc/drugs/amsacrine/), [Teniposide](https://onco.cc/drugs/teniposide/), [Trilaciclib](https://onco.cc/drugs/trilaciclib/)

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