# Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/  
OnCo record `gastric` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

A cancer with three new targets in five years: Claudin 18.2, FGFR2b, and HER2 with new ADCs, plus immunotherapy in first line.

## Summary

Gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is curable when found early: Japan and Korea screen endoscopically and cure most cases. It causes about one million new cases a year, concentrated in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, where Helicobacter pylori infection, salt, and smoking drive incidence; elsewhere two-thirds present with advanced disease, which is why it accounts for 660,000 deaths a year and five-year survival outside screened populations is under 30%. Biology splits by the Lauren classification (intestinal vs diffuse) and the TCGA classes (EBV-positive, MSI, genomically stable, chromosomally unstable), and clinically by three actionable biomarkers: HER2 (~15-20%), PD-L1 (CPS ≥5 in ~60%), and Claudin 18.2 (~38% at the approval threshold), with FGFR2b, MSI, and EBV as further strata.

Localised disease is treated with gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy plus perioperative chemotherapy: FLOT in the West, adjuvant S-1 or CAPOX in Asia. MATTERHORN (2025) added durvalumab to FLOT, the first perioperative immunotherapy with an overall survival benefit (3-year OS 68.6%). Advanced disease is stratified at diagnosis: HER2-positive tumours get trastuzumab + chemotherapy + pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-811) or, after HERIZON-GEA-01, zanidatamab + chemotherapy ± tislelizumab; HER2-negative, PD-L1 CPS ≥5 tumours get nivolumab or pembrolizumab with chemotherapy (CheckMate 649 5-year OS 16% vs 6%); CLDN18.2-positive tumours get zolbetuximab + chemotherapy (SPOTLIGHT/GLOW). Second line: T-DXd for HER2-positive disease (DESTINY-Gastric04, OS 14.7 vs 11.4 months), ramucirumab + paclitaxel otherwise, and from 2026 the CLDN18.2 ADC sonesitatug vedotin (CLARITY-Gastric 01). Third line: trifluridine/tipiracil.

The frontier is Claudin 18.2 (ADCs, CAR-T satri-cel approved in China, bispecifics), biomarker overlap and combination quadruplets, peritoneal-directed therapy for the commonest site of relapse, FGFR2b after the mixed FORTITUDE-101 result, and ctDNA-guided perioperative strategies. Diffuse-type and genomically stable tumours remain the least treatable subgroup.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-07
- Also known as: STAD; TCGA-STAD; stomach adenocarcinoma (TCGA STAD cohort)
- Tags: gi; spike
- Group: gastrointestinal
- Burden: ~1 million cases per year, the fifth most common cancer; where endoscopic screening finds it early (Korea, Japan) most cases are cured. 5-year survival exceeds 60% there, versus under 30% in most of the West, where it is found late; ~660,000 deaths per year, fifth among cancers.
- Subtypes: Intestinal type (Lauren; H. pylori-associated, HER2-enriched); Diffuse / signet-ring type (CDH1, spreads to the peritoneum, fewer drug targets); TCGA: EBV-positive (~9%, PD-L1 high, IO-responsive); TCGA: MSI-high (~20% localised, ~5% advanced); TCGA: genomically stable (diffuse, RHOA/CLDN18-ARHGAP fusions); TCGA: chromosomal instability (HER2, EGFR, MET amplification); HER2-positive (~15-20%); CLDN18.2-positive ≥75% (~38%); FGFR2b-overexpressing (~30% any; ~16% at ≥10% 2+/3+); Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (germline CDH1); GEJ tumours by Siewert type
- Biomarkers: HER2; PD-L1 CPS; CLDN18.2; MSI; FGFR2b; EBV; HER2 IHC/ISH (all advanced cases); PD-L1 CPS (22C3 or 28-8); CLDN18.2 IHC (VENTANA 43-14A; ≥75% 2+/3+); MSI/dMMR; EBV (EBER in situ hybridisation); FGFR2b IHC (trials); Germline CDH1 in diffuse type or family history; Staging laparoscopy with peritoneal cytology; ctDNA (trials)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/gastric/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/#overview [5 subtypes, 8 state-of-the-art points]
- What it is (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/#what-it-is [16 subtypes, 6 sites of spread]
- Finding it (on the hub): How it shows itself, how it is confirmed, what screening exists, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/#finding-it [15 biomarkers, 8 prevalence rows]
- Treating it (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/#treating-it [15 settings, 7 regimens, 10 decisions with options]
- Evidence (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/evidence/ [100 trials, 12 key papers, 18 milestones]
- The science (own page): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/science/ [149 targets, 9 pathways, 6 preclinical models]
- Where you are (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, and the expert centres with trials on record. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/where-you-are/ [42 centres]
- Living with it (own page): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/living-with-it/ [43 questions, 6 red cards]
- What is coming (own page): Everything in development, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/coming/ [61 medicines, 100 trials, 34 ideas, 10 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric/data/ [607 connected records]

## Standard of care

- Localised: Perioperative FLOT ± durvalumab; D2 gastrectomy. ([Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/))
- Advanced first line: Chemotherapy + PD-1 ± trastuzumab ± zolbetuximab by biomarker. ([Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Trastuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab/))
- Later lines: T-DXd (HER2+), zanidatamab, CLDN18.2 CAR-T/ADC in trials. ([Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/), [Zanidatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanidatamab/), [Satricabtagene autoleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/satricabtagene-autoleucel/), [Sonesitatug vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/cmg901/))
- Prevention and screening: H. pylori eradication reduces incidence; endoscopic screening programmes in Japan and Korea (biennial from age 40-50) detect most cancers at a curable stage. No population screening in the West. Prophylactic total gastrectomy for germline CDH1 carriers. ([Chemoprevention & risk-reducing surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/chemoprevention/), [Germline (hereditary) testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/germline-testing/))
- Early (T1a) disease: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for well-differentiated mucosal tumours ≤2 cm without ulceration (expanded criteria in Japan); otherwise gastrectomy. ([Endoscopic resection (EMR / ESD)](https://onco.cc/technologies/endoscopic-resection/))
- Resectable stage II-III (Western): Perioperative FLOT + durvalumab (MATTERHORN: OS HR 0.78, pCR 19%) with D2 gastrectomy; FOLFOX/CAPOX perioperatively for patients unfit for docetaxel. ([MATTERHORN](https://onco.cc/trials/matterhorn/), [FLOT (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel)](https://onco.cc/drugs/flot/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/))
- Resectable stage II-III (Asian practice): D2 gastrectomy then adjuvant S-1 (ACTS-GC) or CAPOX (CLASSIC) for 6-12 months; neoadjuvant approaches increasingly adopted. ([CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/), [CLASSIC](https://onco.cc/trials/classic/))
- Advanced, HER2-positive, first line: Trastuzumab + fluoropyrimidine/platinum + pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-811, PD-L1 CPS ≥1); zanidatamab + chemotherapy ± tislelizumab after HERIZON-GEA-01 (PFS 12.4 vs 8.1 months; sBLA 2026). ([ToGA](https://onco.cc/trials/toga/), [HERIZON-GEA-01](https://onco.cc/trials/herizon-gea-01/), [Trastuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab/), [Zanidatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanidatamab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Tislelizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/tislelizumab/), [HER2 sequence in gastric cancer: zanidatamab/trastuzumab + chemo ± PD-1 → T-DXd](https://onco.cc/pairings/her2-gastric-sequence/))
- Advanced, HER2-negative, PD-L1 CPS ≥5 (or ≥1), first line: Nivolumab (CheckMate 649) or pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-859) or tislelizumab (RATIONALE-305) with FOLFOX or CAPOX; add zolbetuximab if CLDN18.2-positive (sequencing/combination under study). ([CheckMate 649](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-649/), [KEYNOTE-859](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-859/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Tislelizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/tislelizumab/), [FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/))
- Advanced, CLDN18.2-positive (≥75%), HER2-negative, first line: Zolbetuximab + mFOLFOX6 or CAPOX (SPOTLIGHT/GLOW). PD-L1 CPS ≥5 double-positives: either add-on; combination trials ongoing. ([SPOTLIGHT & GLOW](https://onco.cc/trials/spotlight-glow/), [Zolbetuximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zolbetuximab/), [FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/), [Biomarker-directed first-line quadruplets in gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-biomarker-quadruplet-gastric/))
- Advanced, HER2-negative, PD-L1 CPS <1 and CLDN18.2-negative: FOLFOX or CAPOX chemotherapy alone; MSI-high tumours get PD-1 blockade regardless of CPS. ([FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/), [Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/msi/))
- Second line, HER2-positive: Trastuzumab deruxtecan 6.4 mg/kg (DESTINY-Gastric04, OS 14.7 vs 11.4 months) if HER2 persists on re-biopsy or ctDNA. ([DESTINY-Gastric04](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-gastric04/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/))
- Second line, HER2-negative: Ramucirumab + paclitaxel (RAINBOW, OS 9.6 vs 7.4 months); CLDN18.2-positive: sonesitatug vedotin after CLARITY-Gastric 01 (2026) or satri-cel CAR-T (China). ([RAINBOW](https://onco.cc/trials/rainbow/), [Ramucirumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ramucirumab/), [Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/paclitaxel/), [CLARITY-Gastric 01](https://onco.cc/trials/clarity-gastric01/), [Sonesitatug vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/cmg901/), [Satricabtagene autoleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/satricabtagene-autoleucel/), [CLDN18.2 antibody first line → CLDN18.2 ADC or CAR-T on progression](https://onco.cc/pairings/cldn18-antibody-then-adc/))
- Third line and beyond: Trifluridine/tipiracil (TAGS, OS 5.7 vs 3.6 months); irinotecan; clinical trials (FGFR2b, CLDN18.2 bispecifics, T-cell engagers). ([Trifluridine/tipiracil](https://onco.cc/drugs/trifluridine-tipiracil/))
- Peritoneal metastases: Systemic therapy; intraperitoneal paclitaxel, HIPEC, and PIPAC in trials; palliative gastrectomy not recommended (REGATTA). ([Peritoneal metastasis](https://onco.cc/terms/peritoneal-metastasis/), [HIPEC / PIPAC (intraperitoneal chemotherapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/hipec/), [Peritoneal-directed therapy for gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-peritoneal-directed-gastric/))

## State of the art

- Biomarker-stratified first line with four possible add-ons.
- First solid-tumour CAR-T approval (China).
- Three first-line biomarkers (HER2, PD-L1, CLDN18.2) each with a phase 3-proven add-on to chemotherapy; testing all three at diagnosis is standard.
- Perioperative durvalumab + FLOT (MATTERHORN) is the first immunotherapy to improve survival in resectable gastric cancer (FDA November 2025).
- Zanidatamab beat trastuzumab head-to-head first line (HERIZON-GEA-01, 2026), the first HER2 advance in first line since ToGA.
- T-DXd has phase 3 proof in second-line HER2-positive disease (DESTINY-Gastric04).
- Claudin 18.2 is the first target with an antibody, an ADC with OS benefit (CLARITY-Gastric 01, 2026), and an approved CAR-T (satri-cel, China).
- Five-year survivors exist with chemo-immunotherapy in PD-L1-rich disease (16% vs 6%, CheckMate 649).

## Open problems

- Peritoneal metastasis.
- Heterogeneous CLDN18.2/HER2 expression.
- Screening only in Japan/Korea.
- Peritoneal metastasis is the dominant relapse pattern and is poorly imaged, poorly penetrated by drugs, and excluded from most trials.
- Diffuse-type and genomically stable tumours lack targets and respond poorly to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
- Biomarker overlap (CLDN18.2 with PD-L1) has no randomised guidance on combination versus sequence.
- HER2 and CLDN18.2 expression are heterogeneous and can be lost at progression; re-biopsy or ctDNA before second-line targeting is not standard.
- No Western screening strategy; most patients present with advanced disease.
- FGFR2b benefit is uncertain after FORTITUDE-101; the control arm lacked immunotherapy.
- Perioperative immunotherapy benefit by PD-L1 or MSI status, and whether chemotherapy can be omitted in MSI-high disease, are unresolved.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach_cancer
- NCCN Gastric Cancer guideline: https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1434
- ESMO gastric cancer guideline: https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/guidelines-by-topic/esmo-clinical-practice-guidelines-gastrointestinal-cancers/
- NCI PDQ gastric cancer treatment: https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/hp/stomach-treatment-pdq

## Connected records

- technologies: [Anti-angiogenic therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/antiangiogenic/), [Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)](https://onco.cc/technologies/adc/), [Aspirin for cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/aspirin-cancer-prevention/), [Bispecific antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/bispecific-antibody/), [Cachexia pharmacotherapy: GDF-15 blockade, anamorelin, olanzapine](https://onco.cc/technologies/cachexia-appetite-pharmacotherapy/), [Cancer neuroscience: cutting the nerve supply](https://onco.cc/technologies/nerve-tumour-denervation/), [Cancer-associated thrombosis prevention and treatment](https://onco.cc/technologies/cancer-associated-thrombosis/), [Capsule endoscopy (PillCam, EndoCapsule, CapsoCam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/capsule-endoscopy-systems/), [CAR-T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-t/), [Chemoprevention & risk-reducing surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/chemoprevention/), [Companion diagnostics](https://onco.cc/technologies/companion-diagnostic/), [CT body composition and sarcopenia measurement](https://onco.cc/technologies/ct-body-composition-sarcopenia/), [Cytotoxic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/), [DPYD genotyping and DPD phenotyping before fluoropyrimidines](https://onco.cc/technologies/dpyd-genotyping/), [Endoscopic resection (EMR / ESD)](https://onco.cc/technologies/endoscopic-resection/), [Endoscopic ultrasound and EBUS systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/endoscopic-ultrasound-systems/), [Enhanced recovery (ERAS) and perioperative nutrition](https://onco.cc/technologies/eras-perioperative-nutrition/), [Enteral and parenteral nutrition support](https://onco.cc/technologies/enteral-parenteral-nutrition/), [FAPI PET](https://onco.cc/technologies/fapi-pet/), [Gastric cancer endoscopic screening (East Asia)](https://onco.cc/technologies/gastric-endoscopic-screening/), [Germline (hereditary) testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/germline-testing/), [HER2 PET](https://onco.cc/technologies/her2-pet/), [HIPEC / PIPAC (intraperitoneal chemotherapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/hipec/), [HIPEC perfusion pumps and PIPAC nebulisers](https://onco.cc/technologies/hipec-pipac-devices/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [Immunonutrition before cancer surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/immunonutrition-perioperative/), [Mediterranean and plant-forward dietary patterns](https://onco.cc/technologies/mediterranean-plant-forward-diet/), [Monoclonal antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/monoclonal-antibody/), [MRD / molecular residual disease testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/mrd-testing/), [MSI and mismatch-repair testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/msi-mmr-testing/), [Nutrition support and cachexia management](https://onco.cc/technologies/oncology-nutrition/), [Oncology nutrition assessment and medical nutrition therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/nutrition-screening-mnt/), [PSK (Krestin) mushroom polysaccharide as adjuvant therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/psk-krestin-adjuvant/), [Red and processed meat reduction](https://onco.cc/technologies/red-processed-meat-reduction/), [Resistance training and protein for cachexia and sarcopenia](https://onco.cc/technologies/resistance-training-cachexia/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/), [Surgical robots: da Vinci, Hugo, Versius and single-port systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/surgical-robot-platforms/), [UGT1A1 genotyping before irinotecan](https://onco.cc/technologies/ugt1a1-genotyping/), [Vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation](https://onco.cc/technologies/vitamin-d-omega3-supplementation/)
- targets: [ACVR2A](https://onco.cc/targets/acvr2a/), [AFF3](https://onco.cc/targets/aff3/), [AKAP9](https://onco.cc/targets/akap9/), [APC](https://onco.cc/targets/apc/), [ARHGAP26](https://onco.cc/targets/arhgap26/), [ARHGEF12](https://onco.cc/targets/arhgef12/), [ARID1A](https://onco.cc/targets/arid1a/), [ARID2](https://onco.cc/targets/arid2/), [ATM](https://onco.cc/targets/atm/), [ATP1A1](https://onco.cc/targets/atp1a1/), [ATP4A](https://onco.cc/targets/atp4a/), [ATP4B](https://onco.cc/targets/atp4b/), [BAP1](https://onco.cc/targets/bap1/), [BARD1](https://onco.cc/targets/bard1/), [BCL9](https://onco.cc/targets/bcl9/), [BCL9L](https://onco.cc/targets/bcl9l/), [BCLAF1](https://onco.cc/targets/bclaf1/), [BCOR](https://onco.cc/targets/bcor/), [BMPR1A](https://onco.cc/targets/bmpr1a/), [BRIP1](https://onco.cc/targets/brip1/), [BUB1B](https://onco.cc/targets/bub1b/), [C11orf65](https://onco.cc/targets/c11orf65/), [CACNA1D](https://onco.cc/targets/cacna1d/), [CARD11](https://onco.cc/targets/card11/), [CASP10](https://onco.cc/targets/casp10/), [CASP8](https://onco.cc/targets/casp8/), [CCND2](https://onco.cc/targets/ccnd2/), [CCNE1](https://onco.cc/targets/ccne1/), [CD137 (4-1BB, TNFRSF9)](https://onco.cc/targets/cd137/), [CD209](https://onco.cc/targets/cd209/), [CD44](https://onco.cc/targets/cd44/), [CDH1](https://onco.cc/targets/cdh1/), [CDH11](https://onco.cc/targets/cdh11/), [CDK12](https://onco.cc/targets/cdk12/), [CEACAM5](https://onco.cc/targets/ceacam5/), [CHD4](https://onco.cc/targets/chd4/), [CHEK2](https://onco.cc/targets/chek2/), [Claudin 18.2](https://onco.cc/targets/cldn18-2/), [CRKL](https://onco.cc/targets/crkl/), [CSMD3](https://onco.cc/targets/csmd3/), [CTNNA1](https://onco.cc/targets/ctnna1/), [DEK](https://onco.cc/targets/dek/), [DPYD](https://onco.cc/targets/dpyd/), [DROSHA](https://onco.cc/targets/drosha/), [EIF4EBP1](https://onco.cc/targets/eif4ebp1/), [EpCAM](https://onco.cc/targets/epcam/), [EPHA3](https://onco.cc/targets/epha3/), [ERCC2](https://onco.cc/targets/ercc2/), [ETV1](https://onco.cc/targets/etv1/), [FAP](https://onco.cc/targets/fap/), [FAT3](https://onco.cc/targets/fat3/), [FAT4](https://onco.cc/targets/fat4/), [FBXO11](https://onco.cc/targets/fbxo11/), [FGFR2](https://onco.cc/targets/fgfr2/), [FGFR4](https://onco.cc/targets/fgfr4/), [FLCN](https://onco.cc/targets/flcn/), [FOXP1](https://onco.cc/targets/foxp1/), [GNAS](https://onco.cc/targets/gnas/), [GRB7](https://onco.cc/targets/grb7/), [GSK3B](https://onco.cc/targets/gsk3b/), [HER2](https://onco.cc/targets/her2/), [HGF](https://onco.cc/targets/hgf/), [HOXB13](https://onco.cc/targets/hoxb13/), [HSPH1](https://onco.cc/targets/hsph1/), [IL-11 receptor alpha](https://onco.cc/targets/il11ra/), [IL7R](https://onco.cc/targets/il7r/), [IRF1](https://onco.cc/targets/irf1/), [ITGAV](https://onco.cc/targets/itgav/), [KDM6A](https://onco.cc/targets/kdm6a/), [KMT2D](https://onco.cc/targets/kmt2d/), [LPP](https://onco.cc/targets/lpp/), [MAP2K4](https://onco.cc/targets/map2k4/), [MAP2K7](https://onco.cc/targets/map2k7/), [MET](https://onco.cc/targets/met/), [MLH1](https://onco.cc/targets/mlh1/), [MSH2](https://onco.cc/targets/msh2/), [MSH6](https://onco.cc/targets/msh6/), [MTHFR](https://onco.cc/targets/mthfr/), [MUTYH](https://onco.cc/targets/mutyh/), [MYH9](https://onco.cc/targets/myh9/), [NBEA](https://onco.cc/targets/nbea/), [NBN](https://onco.cc/targets/nbn/), [NCOA2](https://onco.cc/targets/ncoa2/), [NDRG1](https://onco.cc/targets/ndrg1/), [NFATC2](https://onco.cc/targets/nfatc2/), [NIN](https://onco.cc/targets/nin/), [NPTXR](https://onco.cc/targets/nptxr/), [NRG1](https://onco.cc/targets/nrg1/), [PALB2](https://onco.cc/targets/palb2/), [PBK](https://onco.cc/targets/pbk/), [PBRM1](https://onco.cc/targets/pbrm1/), [PD-1](https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/), [PD-L1](https://onco.cc/targets/pdl1/), [PER1](https://onco.cc/targets/per1/), [PGAP3](https://onco.cc/targets/pgap3/), [PIK3R1](https://onco.cc/targets/pik3r1/), [PLCG1](https://onco.cc/targets/plcg1/), [PMS2](https://onco.cc/targets/pms2/), [POLQ](https://onco.cc/targets/polq/), [PPP2R1A](https://onco.cc/targets/ppp2r1a/), [PPP3CA](https://onco.cc/targets/ppp3ca/), [PREX2](https://onco.cc/targets/prex2/), [PRF1](https://onco.cc/targets/prf1/), [PRKCB](https://onco.cc/targets/prkcb/), [PSCA](https://onco.cc/targets/psca/), [PSMB8](https://onco.cc/targets/psmb8/), [PTPRC](https://onco.cc/targets/ptprc/), [PTPRD](https://onco.cc/targets/ptprd/), [PTPRT](https://onco.cc/targets/ptprt/), [PWWP2A](https://onco.cc/targets/pwwp2a/), [QKI](https://onco.cc/targets/qki/), [RAD51C](https://onco.cc/targets/rad51c/), [RAD51D](https://onco.cc/targets/rad51d/), [RASA1](https://onco.cc/targets/rasa1/), [RECQL4](https://onco.cc/targets/recql4/), [RELA](https://onco.cc/targets/rela/), [RHOA](https://onco.cc/targets/rhoa/), [RICTOR](https://onco.cc/targets/rictor/), [RNF43](https://onco.cc/targets/rnf43/), [ROBO2](https://onco.cc/targets/robo2/), [RPL22](https://onco.cc/targets/rpl22/), [RPS6](https://onco.cc/targets/rps6/), [SALL4](https://onco.cc/targets/sall4/), [SETD1B](https://onco.cc/targets/setd1b/), [SFRP4](https://onco.cc/targets/sfrp4/), [SMAD2](https://onco.cc/targets/smad2/), [SMAD4](https://onco.cc/targets/smad4/), [SOS1](https://onco.cc/targets/sos1/), [SPRY2](https://onco.cc/targets/spry2/), [STARD3](https://onco.cc/targets/stard3/), [TET1](https://onco.cc/targets/tet1/), [TGFBR2](https://onco.cc/targets/tgfbr2/), [Thymidylate synthase (TYMS)](https://onco.cc/targets/tyms/), [TRIM49C](https://onco.cc/targets/trim49c/), [TSC1](https://onco.cc/targets/tsc1/), [TSC2](https://onco.cc/targets/tsc2/), [U2AF1](https://onco.cc/targets/u2af1/), [UBR5](https://onco.cc/targets/ubr5/), [VEGF / VEGFR](https://onco.cc/targets/vegf/), [WRN helicase (MSI-high cancers)](https://onco.cc/targets/wrn/), [ZCCHC8](https://onco.cc/targets/zcchc8/), [ZNF814](https://onco.cc/targets/znf814/)
- drugs: [ABSK061](https://onco.cc/drugs/absk061/), [ASP2138](https://onco.cc/drugs/asp2138/), [AZD4360](https://onco.cc/drugs/azd4360/), [AZD5863](https://onco.cc/drugs/azd5863/), [AZD7789](https://onco.cc/drugs/azd7789/), [BDC-4182](https://onco.cc/drugs/bdc-4182/), [Bemarituzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/bemarituzumab/), [Cadonilimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/cadonilimab/), [Capecitabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/capecitabine/), [CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/capox/), [Catumaxomab](https://onco.cc/drugs/catumaxomab/), [Cinrebafusp alfa](https://onco.cc/drugs/cinrebafusp-alfa/), [Disitamab vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/disitamab-vedotin/), [Docetaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/docetaxel/), [Doxifluridine](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxifluridine/), [Durvalumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/durvalumab/), [Epirubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/epirubicin/), [Evorpacept](https://onco.cc/drugs/evorpacept/), [FLOT (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel)](https://onco.cc/drugs/flot/), [Fluorouracil (5-FU)](https://onco.cc/drugs/fluorouracil/), [FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)](https://onco.cc/drugs/folfox/), [Glumetinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/glumetinib/), [Gotistobart](https://onco.cc/drugs/gotistobart/), [HER2 IHC and ISH companion assays (HercepTest, PATHWAY 4B5, HER2 Dual ISH)](https://onco.cc/drugs/her2-testing-assays/), [HLX22](https://onco.cc/drugs/hlx22/), [IAH0968](https://onco.cc/drugs/iah0968/), [JK08](https://onco.cc/drugs/jk08/), [Leucovorin (folinic acid)](https://onco.cc/drugs/leucovorin/), [LM-108](https://onco.cc/drugs/lm-108/), [LM-302](https://onco.cc/drugs/lm-302/), [M108](https://onco.cc/drugs/m108/), [M701](https://onco.cc/drugs/m701/), [MCLA-129](https://onco.cc/drugs/mcla-129/), [Mitomycin C](https://onco.cc/drugs/mitomycin/), [MRG002](https://onco.cc/drugs/mrg002/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Oxaliplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/oxaliplatin/), [Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/paclitaxel/), [PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx](https://onco.cc/drugs/dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [PF-08634404](https://onco.cc/drugs/pf-08634404/), [Ramucirumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ramucirumab/), [Retlirafusp alfa](https://onco.cc/drugs/retlirafusp-alfa/), [Rivoceranib (apatinib)](https://onco.cc/drugs/rivoceranib/), [Satricabtagene autoleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/satricabtagene-autoleucel/), [Savolitinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/savolitinib/), [SHR-8068](https://onco.cc/drugs/shr-8068/), [Sintilimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/sintilimab/), [Sonesitatug vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/cmg901/), [Spevatamig](https://onco.cc/drugs/spevatamig/), [Tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil (S-1)](https://onco.cc/drugs/tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil/), [Tislelizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/tislelizumab/), [Trastuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab/), [Trastuzumab biosimilars](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-biosimilars/), [Trastuzumab deruxtecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/trastuzumab-deruxtecan/), [Trifluridine/tipiracil](https://onco.cc/drugs/trifluridine-tipiracil/), [TRK-950](https://onco.cc/drugs/trk-950/), [XNW27011](https://onco.cc/drugs/xnw27011/), [Zanidatamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanidatamab/), [Zanidatamab zovodotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanidatamab-zovodotin/), [Zolbetuximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zolbetuximab/)
- companies: [AIO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie)](https://onco.cc/companies/aio/), [ALX Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/alx-oncology/), [Amgen](https://onco.cc/companies/amgen/), [Arcus Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/arcus-biosciences/), [AskGene Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/askgene-pharma/), [Astellas](https://onco.cc/companies/astellas/), [AstraZeneca](https://onco.cc/companies/astrazeneca/), [Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group](https://onco.cc/companies/agitg/), [BeOne Medicines (formerly BeiGene)](https://onco.cc/companies/beone/), [BigHat Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/bighat-biosciences/), [Bristol Myers Squibb](https://onco.cc/companies/bms/), [Capnomed (Reger Medizintechnik)](https://onco.cc/companies/capnomed/), [CARsgen Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/carsgen/), [Daehwa Pharmaceutical](https://onco.cc/companies/daehwa-pharmaceutical/), [Daiichi Sankyo](https://onco.cc/companies/daiichi-sankyo/), [Eikon Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/eikon-therapeutics/), [Eli Lilly (incl. Loxo)](https://onco.cc/companies/eli-lilly/), [Ibex Medical Analytics](https://onco.cc/companies/ibex-medical-analytics/), [Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)](https://onco.cc/companies/jcog/), [Jazz Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/jazz/), [Keymed Biosciences (KYM Biosciences)](https://onco.cc/companies/keymed/), [Korean Cancer Study Group](https://onco.cc/companies/kcsg/), [LaNova Medicines](https://onco.cc/companies/lanova-medicines/), [Merck & Co. (MSD)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck/), [ModeX Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/modex-therapeutics/), [Neonc Technologies](https://onco.cc/companies/neonc-technologies/), [Organon & Co.](https://onco.cc/companies/organon/), [Precirix](https://onco.cc/companies/precirix/), [RemeGen](https://onco.cc/companies/remegen/), [SOFIE Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/sofie-biosciences/), [SunHo Biopharmaceutical](https://onco.cc/companies/sunho-biopharmaceutical/), [West Japan Oncology Group](https://onco.cc/companies/wjog/)
- institutions: [Aichi Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/aichi-cancer-center/), [Asan Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/asan-medical-center/), [Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR](https://onco.cc/institutions/jfcr/), [Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex](https://onco.cc/institutions/tehran-cancer-institute/), [Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology](https://onco.cc/institutions/csco/), [First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University](https://onco.cc/institutions/sysu-first-affiliated-hospital/), [Fundación Arturo López Pérez](https://onco.cc/institutions/falp-chile/), [Henan Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/henan-cancer-hospital/), [Hunan Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/hunan-cancer-hospital/), [INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute / Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia](https://onco.cc/institutions/incliva-valencia/), [Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Colombia)](https://onco.cc/institutions/inc-colombia/), [Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Mexico)](https://onco.cc/institutions/incan-mexico/), [Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas](https://onco.cc/institutions/inen-peru/), [Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil](https://onco.cc/institutions/ipo-porto/), [Istituto di Candiolo IRCCS (FPO)](https://onco.cc/institutions/candiolo/), [Jiangsu Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/jiangsu-cancer-hospital/), [Keio University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/keio-university-hospital/), [Kliniken Essen-Mitte](https://onco.cc/institutions/kliniken-essen-mitte/), [Krankenhaus Nordwest / Institute of Clinical Cancer Research (IKF)](https://onco.cc/institutions/krankenhaus-nordwest/), [Kyoto University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/kyoto-university-hospital/), [Kyushu University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/kyushu-university-hospital/), [Leipzig University Hospital / University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL)](https://onco.cc/institutions/university-hospital-leipzig/), [National Cancer Center Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/ncc-japan/), [National Cancer Center Hospital East](https://onco.cc/institutions/ncc-hospital-east/), [National Cancer Center Korea](https://onco.cc/institutions/ncc-korea/), [National University Hospital / National University Cancer Institute, Singapore](https://onco.cc/institutions/nuh-ncis/), [Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/onj-cancer-centre/), [Osaka International Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/osaka-international-cancer-institute/), [Peking University Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/pku-cancer-hospital/), [Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University](https://onco.cc/institutions/renji-hospital/), [Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University](https://onco.cc/institutions/ruijin-hospital/), [Samsung Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/samsung-medical-center/), [Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine](https://onco.cc/institutions/weill-cornell-meyer-cancer-center/), [Seoul National University Bundang Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/snu-bundang-hospital/), [Seoul National University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/snuh/), [Shizuoka Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/shizuoka-cancer-center/), [Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/sysucc/), [Taipei Veterans General Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/taipei-veterans-general-hospital/), [Tohoku University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/tohoku-university-hospital/), [University of Hawai'i Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/hawaii-cancer-center/), [Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (K Hospital)](https://onco.cc/institutions/k-hospital-hanoi/), [Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University](https://onco.cc/institutions/zhongshan-hospital-fudan/)
- pathways: [Cancer cachexia](https://onco.cc/pathways/cachexia-biology/), [FGF / FGFR signalling](https://onco.cc/pathways/fgfr-signalling/), [Gastric cancer (KEGG map)](https://onco.cc/pathways/gastric-cancer-signalling/), [Mismatch repair & microsatellite instability](https://onco.cc/pathways/mismatch-repair-msi/), [PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation](https://onco.cc/pathways/pd1-checkpoint/), [PI3K / AKT / mTOR](https://onco.cc/pathways/pi3k-akt-mtor/), [RAS / RAF / MEK / ERK (MAPK)](https://onco.cc/pathways/ras-mapk/), [Receptor tyrosine kinase activation](https://onco.cc/pathways/rtk-activation/), [VEGF angiogenesis](https://onco.cc/pathways/vegf-angiogenesis/)
- terms: [ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity)](https://onco.cc/terms/adcc/), [Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/terms/adenocarcinoma/), [Cancer cachexia](https://onco.cc/terms/cachexia/), [Co-amplification and the 17q12 HER2 amplicon](https://onco.cc/terms/co-amplification/), [Combined positive score (CPS)](https://onco.cc/terms/cps/), [Duodenal stenting and gastrojejunostomy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction](https://onco.cc/terms/duodenal-stenting-gastric-outlet/), [EMR and ESD (endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection)](https://onco.cc/terms/endoscopic-resection-term/), [Endoscopy (EGD, EUS, ERCP)](https://onco.cc/terms/endoscopy/), [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/ebv-term/), [FLOT regimen (perioperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer)](https://onco.cc/terms/flot-term/), [FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, FOLFIRINOX and CAPOX](https://onco.cc/terms/folfox-family/), [Gastrectomy](https://onco.cc/terms/gastrectomy/), [Gastro-oesophageal junction (GEJ)](https://onco.cc/terms/gej/), [HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or ISH-amplified)](https://onco.cc/terms/her2-positive/), [HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy)](https://onco.cc/terms/hipec-procedure/), [Interstitial lung disease (ILD) / pneumonitis](https://onco.cc/terms/ild/), [Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/terms/intraperitoneal-chemotherapy/), [Lauren classification (intestinal vs diffuse)](https://onco.cc/terms/lauren-classification/), [Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/msi/), [Neoadjuvant / adjuvant / perioperative](https://onco.cc/terms/neoadjuvant-adjuvant/), [Nutrition impact symptoms](https://onco.cc/terms/nutrition-impact-symptoms/), [Obesity-related cancers (IARC list of 13)](https://onco.cc/terms/obesity-related-cancers/), [Oesophagectomy](https://onco.cc/terms/oesophagectomy/), [Peritoneal metastasis](https://onco.cc/terms/peritoneal-metastasis/), [Peritoneum and peritoneal metastases](https://onco.cc/terms/peritoneum/), [Siewert classification (GEJ tumours)](https://onco.cc/terms/siewert-classification/)
- trials: [[18F]FPyQCP PET Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Selected Oncology Indications](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07432633/), [[68Ga]BED003 PET Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Selected Oncology Indications](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07702292/), [64Cu-LNTH-1363S in Patients With Sarcoma or Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06298916/), [A Clinical Study of Docetaxel for Injection (Albumin-bound) in Patients With Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06296706/), [A Dose Optimization/Expansion Study of SAR445877 in Adult Chinese Participants With Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07692204/), [A First-in-human Study of 3H-10000 in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07354711/), [A First-in-Human Study Using BDC-4182 as a Single Agent in Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06921837/), [A Phase 1/2 Study to Evaluate CHM-2101, an Autologous Cadherin 17 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06055439/), [A Phase I/II Study of MEDI4736 in Combination With Olaparib in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02734004/), [A Phase III Clinical Study of Cadonilimab Plus SOX as Perioperative Treatment for Patients With Resectable G/GEJ Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07023315/), [A Phase Ⅲ Clinical Study of HLX22 in Combination With Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Junction and Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06532006/), [A Phase III Randomized Study in CLDN18.2-positive Unresectable Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07103668/), [A Phase Ⅲ Study of Rilvegostomig in Combination With Fluoropyrimidine and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan as the First-line Treatment for HER2-positive Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06764875/), [A Study Comparing BL-M05D1 With the Investigator's Choice of Treatment Regimen in Patients With Claudin (CLDN)18.2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC) Who Have Received Prior First-Line Treatment](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07518147/), [A Study of ASP2138 Together With Chemotherapy and Pembrolizumab in Adults With Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07673887/), [A Study of ASP546C in Adults With Gastroesophageal Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer or Other Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07488676/), [A Study of Disitamab Vedotin Combined With Trastuzumab and Tislelizumab Versus Chemotherapy Combined With Trastuzumab With or Without Pembrolizumab in HER2-high Expression Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07315750/), [A Study of Disitamab Vedotin With Other Anticancer Drugs in Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06157892/), [A Study of Evorpacept (ALX148) in Patients With Advanced HER2+ Gastric Cancer (ASPEN-06)](https://onco.cc/trials/aspen-06/), [A Study of MRG002 in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced Solid Tumors and Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04492488/), [A Study of MT-4561 in Patients With Various Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06943521/), [A Study of PARG Inhibitor ETX-19477 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06395519/), [A Study of RC48-ADC Combination Therapies as First-line Treatment in Advanced Metastatic Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05980481/), [A Study of T-DXd as Monotherapy or in Combination With Anti-cancer Agents in Patients With Selected HER2-expressing Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06271837/), [A Study of TRK-950 When Used in Combination With Ramucirumab and Paclitaxel in Patients With Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06038578/), [A Study of Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) in Adults With Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03505320/), [A Study of Zolbetuximab Together With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Adults With Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06901531/), [A Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of AZD7789 in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04931654/), [A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Tislelizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients in the United States](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07554521/), [A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ONO-4538 in Combination With Ipilimumab and Chemotherapy in Chemotherapy-naïve Participants With HER2-negative Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer (Including Esophagogastric Junction Cancer)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05144854/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Pumitamig in Combination With Chemotherapy Versus Nivolumab in Combination With Chemotherapy in Participants With Previously Untreated Advanced or Metastatic Gastric, Gastroesophageal Junction, or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (ROSETTA Gastric-204)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07221149/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety and the Activity of S095029 as Part of Combination Therapy in Advanced Gastroesophageal Junction/Gastric Cancers.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06116136/), [A Study to Investigate APL-5125 in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06399757/), [A Study to Investigate the Effects of AZD0901 Monotherapy in Adult Participants With 2L+ Advanced or Metastatic Gastric or GEJ Adenocarcinoma Expressing CLDN18.2](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07143604/), [A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of ONO-4578 in Combination With Nivolumab and Chemotherapy in Chemotherapy-naïve Participants With HER2-negative Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer (Including Esophagogastric Junction Cancer)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06256328/), [A Trial of Adebrelimab Plus (SHR-A1811/SHR-A1904 With Chemotherapy) or SHR-8068 as Treatment for Gastric/GEJ Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07110571/), [A Trial of SHR1701 Plus Chemotherapy in Patients With Gastric or Gastroesophageal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04950322/), [Add-Aspirin](https://onco.cc/trials/add-aspirin/), [An Phase Ib/II Clinical Trial of TCC1727 Combination Therapy in Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07371663/), [ATTRACTION-2](https://onco.cc/trials/attraction-2/), [CheckMate 577](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-577/), [CheckMate 649](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-649/), [Cinrebafusp Alfa in Combination With Ramucirumab and Paclitaxel in HER2-High Gastric or GEJ Adenocarcinoma and in Combination With Tucatinib in HER2-Low Gastric or GEJ Andenocarinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05190445/), [CLARITY-Gastric 01](https://onco.cc/trials/clarity-gastric01/), [CLASSIC](https://onco.cc/trials/classic/), [Claudin18.2 CAR-T (CT041) in Patients With Gastric, Pancreatic Cancer, or Other Specified Digestive Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04404595/), [Clinical Study of Adebrelimab Therapy in the Perioperative Treatment of Gastric Cancer or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07522151/), [Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of LM-302 Injection Combined With Tislelizumab and Tislelizumab Combined Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07385703/), [CROSS](https://onco.cc/trials/cross/), [CT041-ST-01](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04581473/), [DESTINY-Gastric01](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-gastric01/), [DESTINY-Gastric02](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-gastric02/), [DESTINY-Gastric04](https://onco.cc/trials/destiny-gastric04/), [Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Study of MDX2001 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06239194/), [Dual-target CLDN18.2/HER2 CAR-NK Cells for Advanced Gastric/GEJ Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07551362/), [DV Combined With Cadonilimab in Subjects With HER2-expressing Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma After Progression on First-line Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06221748/), [Feasibility of the LUM Imaging System for Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02584244/), [FLOT4-AIO](https://onco.cc/trials/flot4/), [FORTITUDE-101](https://onco.cc/trials/fortitude-101/), [GATSBY](https://onco.cc/trials/gatsby/), [HERIZON-GEA-01](https://onco.cc/trials/herizon-gea-01/), [INT-0116 (Macdonald trial)](https://onco.cc/trials/int-0116/), [KEYNOTE-062](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-062/), [KEYNOTE-811](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-811/), [KEYNOTE-859](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-859/), [KLASS-01](https://onco.cc/trials/klass-01/), [KN026 in Combination With Chemotherapy in HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer Subjects Who Have Failed First-line Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05427383/), [Lead-212 PSV359 Therapy for Patients With Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06710756/), [LM-108 in Combination With Toripalimab Versus Paclitaxel Injection for the Treatment of Subjects With CCR8-Positive Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07362186/), [Low-dose olanzapine for cancer anorexia (Tata Memorial)](https://onco.cc/trials/olanzapine-appetite-tmh/), [M108 Plus CAPOX Versus Placebo Plus CAPOX as First-line Treatment for Claudin (CLDN) 18.2-Positive, HER2-Negative, PD-L1 CPS<5, Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06177041/), [MATTERHORN](https://onco.cc/trials/matterhorn/), [NHS-Galleri](https://onco.cc/trials/nhs-galleri/), [Novel Combinations in Participants With Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05702229/), [ORIENT-16](https://onco.cc/trials/orient-16/), [Perioperative Disitamab Vedotin Plus Toripalimab and XELOX in Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06155383/), [Ph1b/2 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of SHR-A1811 Combinations in Advanced HER2 Expression Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05671822/), [Ph1b/2 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of T-DXd Combinations in Advanced HER2-expressing Gastric Cancer (DESTINY-Gastric03)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04379596/), [Phase 1/2 Study of BHB810 in Advanced Gastric and GEJ Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07529808/), [Phase 1/2 Study to Evaluate TH9619 in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07151040/), [Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy in Cancer Patients With Adjustment Disorder](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07072728/), [RAINBOW](https://onco.cc/trials/rainbow/), [Safety and Efficacy of Glumetinib Combined With Docetaxel for Injection (Albumin-bound) in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma and Other Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06947291/), [Safety and Efficacy of SHR2554 Combined With Other Antitumor Therapies in Gastric or Gastro-oesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07102901/), [SHR-A1811 for Subjects With Her2-positive Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma After Progression on or After First-line Anti-HER2 Therapy-containing Regimen](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06123494/), [SL-28 for Advanced Solid Tumours](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07341737/), [Sonesitatug Vedotin in Combination With Capecitabine With or Without Rilvegostomig in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Gastric, Gastroesophageal Junction, or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Expressing Claudin18.2](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07431281/), [SPOTLIGHT & GLOW](https://onco.cc/trials/spotlight-glow/), [Study of SHR-8068 Combined With Adebrelimab and Platinum-containing Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric and Esophageal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06247956/), [Study of TDXd, Chemotherapy, Pembrolizumab, and Trastuzumab in First-Line Metastatic HER2-Positive Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06731478/), [Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of IDX-1197 in Combination With XELOX or Irinotecan in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04725994/), [Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Camrelizumab and Apatinib in Patients With GC/GEJC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04342910/), [Substudy 06C: A Study of Investigational Agents With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) and Chemotherapy in Participants With First-Line Locally Advanced Unresectable/Metastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (MK-3475-06C/KEYMAKER-U06)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06469944/), [Substudy 06D: Combination Therapies in Second Line (2L) Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (MK-3475-06D/Keymaker-U06)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06445972/), [Symbiotic-GI-16: A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called PF-08634404 in Combination With Chemotherapy in Gastroesophageal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/symbiotic-gi-16/), [Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine (AST-301, pNGVL3-hICD) in Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05771584/), [To Evaluate IAH0968 in Combination With CAPEOX in HER2-positive Gastric Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06504732/), [ToGA](https://onco.cc/trials/toga/), [Using 18F-FAPI PET to Detect Metastatic Disease in Patients That Have Gastric or Esophageal Cancer.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07217704/), [Vorbipiprant (CR6086) / Balstilimab (AGEN2034) Combination in Stage IV Refractory pMMR - MSS CRC, and Other Metastatic GI Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05205330/)
- people: [Changsong Qi](https://onco.cc/people/qi-changsong/), [Chee Cheng Ean](https://onco.cc/people/chee-cheng-ean/), [Cornelis J. H. van de Velde](https://onco.cc/people/cornelis-van-de-velde/), [David Cunningham](https://onco.cc/people/david-cunningham/), [Eric Van Cutsem](https://onco.cc/people/eric-van-cutsem/), [Feng Wang](https://onco.cc/people/wang-feng-sysucc/), [Florian Lordick](https://onco.cc/people/florian-lordick/), [Florian R. Greten](https://onco.cc/people/florian-greten/), [Francisco Berrospi Espinoza](https://onco.cc/people/francisco-berrospi-espinoza/), [Han-Kwang Yang](https://onco.cc/people/han-kwang-yang/), [Hansjochen Wilke](https://onco.cc/people/hansjochen-wilke/), [Haruhiko Fukuda](https://onco.cc/people/fukuda-haruhiko/), [Hitoshi Katai](https://onco.cc/people/hitoshi-katai/), [Hyung-Ho Kim](https://onco.cc/people/hyung-ho-kim/), [Jaffer A. Ajani](https://onco.cc/people/jaffer-ajani/), [Jakob Nikolas Kather](https://onco.cc/people/jakob-nikolas-kather/), [Jeeyun Lee](https://onco.cc/people/lee-jeeyun/), [Jianming Xu](https://onco.cc/people/xu-jianming/), [Jimmy So](https://onco.cc/people/jimmy-so/), [Jin Li](https://onco.cc/people/li-jin-fuscc/), [Kohei Shitara](https://onco.cc/people/shitara-kohei/), [Lin Shen](https://onco.cc/people/shen-lin/), [Manish A. Shah](https://onco.cc/people/manish-shah/), [Mark Middleton](https://onco.cc/people/mark-middleton/), [Min-Hee Ryu](https://onco.cc/people/ryu-min-hee/), [Mitsuru Sasako](https://onco.cc/people/mitsuru-sasako/), [Peter Thuss-Patience](https://onco.cc/people/peter-thuss-patience/), [Philip Wai Yan Chiu](https://onco.cc/people/philip-chiu/), [Ronan J. Kelly](https://onco.cc/people/ronan-kelly/), [Rui-Hua Xu](https://onco.cc/people/xu-rui-hua/), [Salah-Eddin Al-Batran](https://onco.cc/people/salah-eddin-al-batran/), [Sun Young Rha](https://onco.cc/people/rha-sun-young/), [Tae-You Kim](https://onco.cc/people/kim-tae-you/), [Takayuki Yoshino](https://onco.cc/people/yoshino-takayuki/), [Takeshi Sano](https://onco.cc/people/sano-takeshi/), [Toshihiko Doi](https://onco.cc/people/doi-toshihiko/), [Won Ki Kang](https://onco.cc/people/kang-won-ki/), [Yelena Y. Janjigian](https://onco.cc/people/yelena-janjigian/), [Yoon-Koo Kang](https://onco.cc/people/kang-yoon-koo/), [Yung-Jue Bang](https://onco.cc/people/bang-yung-jue/), [Zev A. Wainberg](https://onco.cc/people/zev-wainberg/), [Ziyu Li](https://onco.cc/people/ziyu-li/), [Zonghai Li](https://onco.cc/people/li-zonghai/)
- key papers: [A phase 2a clinical study on the safety and efficacy of individualized dosed mebendazole in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mansoori-mebendazole-gi-cancer-phase-2a-sci-rep-2021/), [Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report from National Cancer Registry Programme, India](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mathur-ncrp-cancer-statistics-2020/), [CheckMate 649: nivolumab plus chemotherapy as first treatment for advanced gastric, gastro-oesophageal junction and oesophageal adenocarcinoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-checkmate-649-lancet-2021/), [Chen 2016: Cancer statistics in China, 2015](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-chen-cancer-statistics-china-2015-cacancer-2016/), [CLASSIC 5-year follow-up: adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-classic-5-year-follow-up-noh-lancet-oncol-2014/), [CLASSIC: adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-classic-adjuvant-capox-gastric-bang-lancet-2012/), [Claudin-18 isoform 2-specific CAR T-cell therapy (satri-cel) versus treatment of physician's choice for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (CT041-ST-01): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ct041-st-01-lancet-2025/), [Coussens and Werb 2002: inflammation and cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-coussens-werb-inflammation-cancer-nature-2002/), [IARC verdict: excess body fat causes 13 cancers](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-body-fatness-iarc-nejm-2016/), [Performance of a multi-cancer early detection test in the randomized controlled NHS-Galleri trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nhs-galleri-performance-nat-med-2026/), [SPOTLIGHT: zolbetuximab, the first Claudin 18.2 antibody, added to chemotherapy in gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-spotlight-lancet-2023/), [ToGA (Bang 2010): trastuzumab with chemotherapy for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-toga-trastuzumab-gastric-lancet-2010/)
- journals: [Clinical colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/journals/clinical-colorectal-cancer/), [Gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/journals/gastric-cancer/), [Journal of gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/journals/journal-of-gastric-cancer/), [Journal of gastrointestinal cancer](https://onco.cc/journals/journal-of-gastrointestinal-cancer/)
- ideas: [A biomarker-directed trial of vitamin D after surgery for digestive tract cancers](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-reg-vitamin-d-digestive-cancer-biomarker-trial/), [A cheap old tablet to restore appetite](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-low-dose-olanzapine-appetite/), [A delivery-science moonshot for prevention we already own](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-prevention-moonshot/), [A dietitian in every gastrointestinal and head and neck tumour board](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-nl-dietitian-in-every-mdt/), [A ten-dollar blood test for the five cancers that kill most people in poorer countries](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-lmic-five-cancer-methylation-test/), [A vaccine against H. pylori for children in high-risk regions](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-hpylori-childhood-vaccine/), [A video-based surgical quality registry linking assessed skill to cancer outcomes](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-surgical-video-registry/), [An Epstein-Barr virus vaccine to prevent nasopharyngeal cancer and lymphomas](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-ebv-vaccine/), [Antibiotic-resistance testing from a stool sample before treating H. pylori](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-hpylori-stool-resistance-guided/), [Attack extrachromosomal DNA, the engine of oncogene amplification](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-ecdna-targeting/), [Automatic palliative care referral triggered by diagnosis, not by decline](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-automatic-early-palliative-triggers/), [Biomarker-directed first-line quadruplets in gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-biomarker-quadruplet-gastric/), [Burden-weighted portfolio targets for every major cancer funder](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-burden-weighted-portfolio/), [Confirm low-dose olanzapine for appetite and weight in advanced cancer worldwide](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-reg-olanzapine-cachexia-global-confirmation/), [Dedicated cohorts for patients with performance status 2 in first-line trials](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-ecog-2-dedicated-cohorts/), [Dose-finding in older and frail patients, not extrapolation from fit ones](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-geriatric-dose-finding-cohorts/), [Eliminate infection-caused cancers: HPV, hepatitis B and C, H. pylori and EBV](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-eliminate-infection-cancers/), [Family-based H. pylori test-and-treat to prevent stomach cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-hpylori-family-test-and-treat/), [FAP theranostics as a pan-cancer stromal strategy](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fap-theranostics-pancancer/), [FAPI PET as the workup for MCED positives](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-mced-plus-fapi/), [Get the one approved appetite drug licensed beyond a single country](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-anamorelin-access/), [In vivo CAR-T against solid-tumour antigens](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-in-vivo-car-solid/), [Multimodal prehabilitation for older patients before major cancer surgery](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-prehabilitation-older-surgery/), [Peritoneal-directed therapy for gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-peritoneal-directed-gastric/), [Public risk-adjusted outcome reporting for cancer surgery to drive centralisation](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-surgical-outcomes-public-reporting/), [Rapid diagnostic centres for people with vague but worrying symptoms](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-rapid-diagnostic-centres-vague-symptoms/), [Standing reflex biomarker panels per tumour type, run without an oncologist's order](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-reflex-biomarker-panels-by-tumour/), [Stomach cancer serology screening for high-risk migrant communities in low-incidence countries](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-gastric-serology-migrant-screening/), [Structured mentorship so district general surgeons perform common cancer operations safely](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-district-surgeon-oncology-mentorship/), [Test DPYD, UGT1A1 and TPMT/NUDT15 before the first dose, everywhere](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-pre-emptive-pharmacogenomic-testing/), [Treat cachexia as a disease: GDF-15 blockade plus anabolic and nutrition bundles](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-cachexia-as-treatable-disease/), [Treat cachexia before it starts](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cachexia-gdf15-prevention/), [Treat the body cavity, not the bloodstream, for surface spread](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-intracavitary-immunotherapy/), [Upfront reduced-dose regimens tested head-to-head in frail older patients](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-upfront-reduced-dose-trials-frail/)
- pairings: [CLDN18.2 antibody first line → CLDN18.2 ADC or CAR-T on progression](https://onco.cc/pairings/cldn18-antibody-then-adc/), [HER2 sequence in gastric cancer: zanidatamab/trastuzumab + chemo ± PD-1 → T-DXd](https://onco.cc/pairings/her2-gastric-sequence/)
- bottlenecks: [Biomarkers are not validated or standardised](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-biomarker-validation/), [Cachexia, toxicity and the limits of the patient](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-cachexia-supportive/), [Funding follows fashion, not burden](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-funding-allocation/), [Inherited risk is mostly unidentified](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-hereditary-risk/), [Most of the world has almost no cancer care](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-global-access/), [No one can predict who responds to immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-immunotherapy-response/), [Pain relief and palliative care are unavailable to most](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-palliative/), [Prevention we already have is not deployed](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-prevention-adoption/), [The hardest cancers are found late](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-early-detection/), [Trials do not represent the people who get cancer](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-trial-diversity/)
- collections: [CSCO guidelines (China)](https://onco.cc/collections/csco-guidelines/), [Japanese oncology guidelines (JSMO, JSCO and organ societies)](https://onco.cc/collections/jsmo-jsco-guidelines/)
- biomarkers: [Claudin 18.2 expression (>= 75% of tumour cells, moderate to strong)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/cldn18-2-expression/), [MET amplification (gene copy number)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/met-amplification-readout/), [PD-L1 CPS (combined positive score)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pd-l1-cps/)
- cancers: [Claudin 18.2-positive gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric-cldn18-2-positive/), [Early gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/early-gastric-cancer/), [Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/malt-lymphoma/), [HER2-positive gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric-her2-positive/), [Microsatellite-unstable (MSI-high) gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric-msi-high/), [PD-L1-high gastric cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/gastric-pdl1-high/)

---
JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/gastric.json