# GRB2

Source: https://onco.cc/targets/grb2/  
OnCo record `grb2` (Target). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

GRB2 (Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) is a gene. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Leukaemia, Myeloproliferative neoplasms and Chronic myeloid leukaemia.

## Summary

Non-enzymatic adapter protein that plays a pivotal role in precisely regulated signalling cascades from cell surface receptors to cellular responses, including signalling transduction and gene expression. Thus, participates in many biological processes including regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, autophagy, DNA repair or necroptosis. Controls signalling complexes at the T-cell antigen receptor to facilitate the activation, differentiation, and function of T-cells.

Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.69 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.97, affected pathway 0.88, genetic association 0.00, clinical 0.18).

## Fields

- Kind: Target
- Last checked: 2026-09-23
- Also known as: growth factor receptor bound protein 2; Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; NCKAP2
- Tags: cancer-genes-wave
- Symbol: GRB2
- Class: other
- Biology: Non-enzymatic adapter protein that plays a pivotal role in precisely regulated signalling cascades from cell surface receptors to cellular responses, including signalling transduction and gene expression. Thus, participates in many biological processes including regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, autophagy, DNA repair or necroptosis. Controls signalling complexes at the T-cell antigen receptor to facilitate the activation, differentiation, and function of T-cells. Mechanistically, engagement of the TCR leads to phosphorylation of the adapter protein LAT, which serves as docking site for GRB2. In turn, GRB2 establishes a a connection with SOS1 that acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and serves as a critical regulator of KRAS/RAF1 leading to MAPKs translocation to the nucleus and activation. Functions also a role in B-cell activation by amplifying Ca(2+) mobilisation and activation of the ERK MAP kinase pathway upon recruitment to the phosphorylated B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). Location: Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Endosome; Golgi apparatus (UniProt). Locus 17q25.1 (HGNC).
- Where found: Leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.59 with leukaemia (MONDO_0005059); Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Open Targets association 0.59 with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MONDO_0020076); Chronic myeloid leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.55 with chronic myelogenous leukaemia, BCR-ABL1 positive (MONDO_0011996)

## Notes

- Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: Open Targets known-drug datatype score 0.18. Evidence tier "clinical-evidence" is the strongest of those signals.
- Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.

## Sources

- HGNC HGNC:4566: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4566
- UniProt P62993: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P62993/entry
- NCBI Gene 2885: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2885
- Ensembl ENSG00000177885: https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000177885

## Connected records

- collections: [Open Targets Platform](https://onco.cc/collections/open-targets/)
- cancers: [Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)](https://onco.cc/cancers/cml/), [Leukaemia (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/leukaemia/), [Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis)](https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/)
- pathways: [BCR::ABL1 (Philadelphia chromosome)](https://onco.cc/pathways/bcr-abl1-signalling/), [Chronic myeloid leukaemia (KEGG map)](https://onco.cc/pathways/cml-signalling/), [FGF / FGFR signalling](https://onco.cc/pathways/fgfr-signalling/), [RAS / RAF / MEK / ERK (MAPK)](https://onco.cc/pathways/ras-mapk/), [Receptor tyrosine kinase activation](https://onco.cc/pathways/rtk-activation/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/grb2.json