# Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/  
OnCo record `head-and-neck` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Cancers of the mouth and throat, increasingly caused by HPV. Immunotherapy is first line for advanced disease and now used before surgery.

## Summary

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma arises from the lining of the mouth, throat (oropharynx, hypopharynx), voice box, and nose, and includes the distinct Epstein-Barr-virus-driven nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Two epidemics coexist: tobacco- and alcohol-related cancers, declining in rich countries but common globally, and HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer, rising among younger non-smokers and now the most common HPV cancer in the US. HPV-positive disease is far more curable (3-year survival >80%) and has its own staging system.

Curative treatment is surgery (increasingly transoral robotic surgery) and/or cisplatin-based chemoradiation with IMRT; both leave lasting effects on speech, swallowing, and salivation, which is why de-escalation for HPV-positive disease has been pursued so hard, and why its repeated failure (RTOG 1016, De-ESCALaTE, NRG-HN005) matters. Immunotherapy transformed recurrent and metastatic disease: nivolumab (CheckMate 141) and then pembrolizumab first line (KEYNOTE-048) replaced the cetuximab-chemotherapy EXTREME regimen, and in June 2025 KEYNOTE-689 delivered the first perioperative approval, doubling event-free survival by giving pembrolizumab before and after surgery. Immunotherapy given concurrently with chemoradiation, by contrast, has failed repeatedly. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma gained its first US approval with toripalimab plus chemotherapy in 2023.

What is coming: EGFR-directed bispecifics with pembrolizumab (petosemtamab, ficerafusp alfa) posting response rates two to three times those of pembrolizumab alone in early trials, now in phase 3; photoimmunotherapy (approved in Japan) in global phase 3; ctHPV-DNA to guide response-adapted de-escalation; and B7-H3 and EGFR×HER3 ADCs. Open problems include the lack of targets beyond EGFR and PD-1, the functional toxicity of curative treatment, and the lower cure rate of HPV-negative disease.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-04
- Also known as: HNSC; HNSCC; TCGA-HNSC; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (TCGA HNSC cohort)
- Tags: head-neck; spike
- Group: head and neck
- Burden: ~900,000 cases per year; HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer rising, tobacco-related declining.
- Subtypes: Oral cavity; Oropharynx, HPV-positive (p16+); Oropharynx, HPV-negative; Larynx; Hypopharynx; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (EBV-driven; endemic in southern China and Southeast Asia); Salivary gland cancers (distinct histologies; HER2, AR, NTRK targets); Sinonasal; Cutaneous SCC of the head and neck (cemiplimab)
- Biomarkers: HPV/p16; PD-L1 CPS; EGFR; HPV / p16 status (staging and prognosis); PD-L1 CPS (first-line pembrolizumab eligibility and KEYNOTE-689); EGFR (near-universal; cetuximab, bispecifics); EBV DNA (nasopharyngeal carcinoma surveillance); ctHPV-DNA (response and recurrence); TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, NOTCH1 (HPV-negative genomics); Smoking history (modifies HPV-positive prognosis)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/head-and-neck/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/#overview [5 subtypes, 8 state-of-the-art points]
- What it is (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/#what-it-is [14 subtypes, 5 sites of spread]
- Finding it (on the hub): How it shows itself, how it is confirmed, what screening exists, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/#finding-it [10 biomarkers, 3 prevalence rows]
- Treating it (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/#treating-it [12 settings, 5 regimens, 5 decisions with options]
- Evidence (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/evidence/ [130 trials, 10 key papers, 18 milestones]
- The science (own page): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/science/ [78 targets, 5 pathways, 6 preclinical models]
- Where you are (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, and the expert centres with trials on record. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/where-you-are/ [66 centres]
- Living with it (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/#living-with-it [34 questions, 4 red cards]
- What is coming (own page): Everything in development, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/coming/ [47 medicines, 130 trials, 36 ideas, 10 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/head-and-neck/data/ [608 connected records]

## Standard of care

- Resectable: Neoadjuvant + adjuvant pembrolizumab with surgery; or chemoradiation. ([Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/))
- Recurrent/metastatic: Pembrolizumab ± platinum/5-FU; cetuximab-based; photoimmunotherapy (Japan). ([Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Photoimmunotherapy & photodynamic therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/photoimmunotherapy/))
- Prevention: HPV vaccination (also prevents oropharyngeal cancer in men), tobacco and alcohol cessation; no validated screening. ([HPV & HBV vaccination](https://onco.cc/technologies/hpv-vaccine/))
- Early stage (I-II) oral cavity and larynx: Single-modality surgery or radiation; sentinel node or elective neck dissection for oral cavity; larynx preservation with radiation for T1-T2 glottic cancer. ([IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [Sentinel lymph node biopsy](https://onco.cc/technologies/sentinel-node/))
- Early HPV-positive oropharynx: TORS with pathology-guided adjuvant therapy or definitive (chemo)radiation; standard 70 Gy dose because de-escalation trials failed. ([Transoral robotic surgery (TORS)](https://onco.cc/technologies/tors/), [NRG-HN002 & NRG-HN005 (HPV+ de-escalation)](https://onco.cc/trials/nrg-hn002-hn005/), [Caution: de-escalating radiation on HPV status alone](https://onco.cc/pairings/hpv-deescalation-caution/), [RTOG 0129 (HPV analysis)](https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-0129/))
- Locally advanced, resectable (stage III-IVA): Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, surgery, adjuvant pembrolizumab with (chemo)radiation for PD-L1 CPS ≥1 (KEYNOTE-689); otherwise surgery then risk-adapted (chemo)radiation. ([KEYNOTE-689](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-689/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Immunotherapy before surgery rather than with chemoradiation (HNSCC)](https://onco.cc/pairings/io-before-surgery-hnscc/))
- Locally advanced, unresectable or organ preservation: Cisplatin (100 mg/m² q3w or weekly) with 70 Gy IMRT; cetuximab-radiation only if cisplatin-ineligible; concurrent immunotherapy is not indicated (JAVELIN Head and Neck 100, KEYNOTE-412) and adding xevinapant to chemoradiation gave no benefit (TrilynX). ([IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [JAVELIN Head and Neck 100](https://onco.cc/trials/javelin-hn-100/), [TrilynX](https://onco.cc/trials/trilynx/))
- Recurrent or metastatic, first line: Pembrolizumab alone (CPS ≥20, or ≥1) or with platinum/5-FU (any CPS); EXTREME if immunotherapy contraindicated. ([KEYNOTE-048](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-048/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [EXTREME](https://onco.cc/trials/extreme/))
- Recurrent or metastatic, after platinum: Nivolumab or pembrolizumab if immunotherapy-naive; otherwise cetuximab, taxane, or methotrexate; clinical trials (bispecifics, ADCs). ([CheckMate 141](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-141/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [LiGeR-HN1](https://onco.cc/trials/liger-hn1/), [FORTIFI-HN01](https://onco.cc/trials/fortifi-hn01/))
- Locally recurrent, unresectable (Japan): Cetuximab sarotalocan photoimmunotherapy; re-irradiation (proton or IMRT) in selected patients elsewhere. ([Cetuximab sarotalocan](https://onco.cc/drugs/cetuximab-sarotalocan/), [Photoimmunotherapy & photodynamic therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/photoimmunotherapy/), [Proton therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/proton-therapy/), [Boron neutron capture therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/bnct/))
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Induction gemcitabine-cisplatin then chemoradiation for locoregional disease; toripalimab (or other PD-1) + gemcitabine-cisplatin for recurrent/metastatic; plasma EBV DNA for surveillance. ([JUPITER-02](https://onco.cc/trials/jupiter-02/), [Toripalimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/toripalimab/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/))
- Survivorship: Swallowing and speech therapy, dental care after radiation, thyroid monitoring, lymphoedema management, smoking cessation; second primary surveillance. ([Supportive Care & Survivorship](https://onco.cc/fronts/supportive-care/))

## State of the art

- Perioperative IO.
- HPV vaccination reducing future incidence.
- Perioperative pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-689) is the first curative-intent advance since cetuximab-radiation in 2006, with median event-free survival roughly doubled.
- Pembrolizumab-based first-line therapy for recurrent or metastatic disease produces a durable survival tail that chemotherapy never did.
- HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is recognised as a distinct, highly curable disease, but the standard dose of chemoradiation still stands because every de-escalation trial has fallen short.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has immunotherapy-chemotherapy as first line in the US, EU, and China.
- Transoral robotic surgery gives many patients a surgical option without splitting the jaw.
- EGFR-directed bispecifics plus PD-1 blockade are showing response rates not seen before in this disease and are in phase 3.

## Open problems

- Functional toxicity of chemoradiation.
- Few targets beyond EGFR/PD-1.
- HPV-negative, tobacco-related disease has 5-year survival around 50% and has seen little improvement in curative outcomes beyond KEYNOTE-689.
- De-escalation for HPV-positive disease has failed in every randomised trial; the field still lacks a validated way to identify who can receive less.
- Only two drug targets (EGFR and PD-1) have approved agents; PIK3CA, NOTCH, and CDKN2A alterations remain undrugged.
- Immunotherapy concurrent with chemoradiation has failed three times; the mechanism is not fully understood.
- Curative treatment causes permanent swallowing, speech, dental, and thyroid damage; survivorship care is under-resourced.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma outside East Asia is rare and under-studied; EBV-directed cell therapies remain experimental.
- Second primary cancers and field cancerisation in smokers are not addressed by any approved chemoprevention.
- Global burden falls on South Asia (oral cavity cancer from smokeless tobacco and areca nut), where access to IMRT and immunotherapy is limited.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer

## Connected records

- pairings: [Caution: de-escalating radiation on HPV status alone](https://onco.cc/pairings/hpv-deescalation-caution/), [EGFR-directed bispecific + PD-1 blockade](https://onco.cc/pairings/egfr-bispecific-plus-pd1-hnscc/), [Immunotherapy before surgery rather than with chemoradiation (HNSCC)](https://onco.cc/pairings/io-before-surgery-hnscc/)
- roadmaps: [Immunotherapy roadmap: Coley's toxins → checkpoint inhibitors → engineered immunity](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/immunotherapy-roadmap/)
- technologies: [Accelerator-based BNCT systems (NeuCure, nuBeam, NeuPex)](https://onco.cc/technologies/bnct-accelerator-systems/), [Acupuncture for dry mouth after head and neck radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/acupuncture-xerostomia/), [Alcohol reduction, pricing and cancer warning labels](https://onco.cc/technologies/alcohol-reduction-labelling/), [Boron neutron capture therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/bnct/), [C-arm medical linear accelerators (TrueBeam, Versa HD and others)](https://onco.cc/technologies/c-arm-linac/), [Carbon-ion synchrotrons and facilities](https://onco.cc/technologies/carbon-ion-synchrotrons/), [Circulating tumour HPV DNA (ctHPV-DNA)](https://onco.cc/technologies/cthpv-dna/), [CT body composition and sarcopenia measurement](https://onco.cc/technologies/ct-body-composition-sarcopenia/), [Dietary supplements during cancer treatment: interactions and harms](https://onco.cc/technologies/dietary-supplements-treatment-interactions/), [Dose painting and biologically guided radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/dose-painting/), [DPYD genotyping and DPD phenotyping before fluoropyrimidines](https://onco.cc/technologies/dpyd-genotyping/), [Electrochemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/electrochemotherapy/), [Electrochemotherapy devices (Cliniporator)](https://onco.cc/technologies/electrochemotherapy-devices/), [Enteral and parenteral nutrition support](https://onco.cc/technologies/enteral-parenteral-nutrition/), [FLASH research accelerators (Oriatron, Mobetron FLASH, ProBeam FLASH)](https://onco.cc/technologies/flash-research-accelerators/), [Gamma probes, handheld gamma cameras and dose calibrators](https://onco.cc/technologies/gamma-probes-dose-calibrators/), [Generic sterile injectables (the 2023 platinum shortage)](https://onco.cc/technologies/sterile-injectable-generics-manufacturing/), [Glutamine for mucositis and neuropathy](https://onco.cc/technologies/glutamine-mucositis-neuropathy/), [Hand-held and point-of-care ultrasound](https://onco.cc/technologies/hand-held-ultrasound/), [Honey for radiation mucositis](https://onco.cc/technologies/honey-radiation-mucositis/), [HPV & HBV vaccination](https://onco.cc/technologies/hpv-vaccine/), [Hyperbaric oxygen for late radiation injury](https://onco.cc/technologies/hyperbaric-oxygen-radiation-injury/), [Hyperthermia systems (BSD-2000, EHY-2000, superficial and interstitial applicators)](https://onco.cc/technologies/hyperthermia-systems/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [Immunonutrition before cancer surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/immunonutrition-perioperative/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [In-room imaging for radiotherapy (cone-beam CT, ExacTrac, CT-on-rails, HyperSight)](https://onco.cc/technologies/in-room-imaging-systems/), [Nutrition support and cachexia management](https://onco.cc/technologies/oncology-nutrition/), [Oncology information and record-and-verify systems (ARIA, MOSAIQ)](https://onco.cc/technologies/oncology-information-systems/), [Oncology nutrition assessment and medical nutrition therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/nutrition-screening-mnt/), [Oral cancer visual screening](https://onco.cc/technologies/oral-visual-screening/), [Patient positioning and surface guidance systems (AlignRT, Catalyst, ExacTrac Dynamic)](https://onco.cc/technologies/patient-positioning-surface-guidance-systems/), [Pencil-beam scanning and intensity-modulated proton therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/intensity-modulated-proton-therapy/), [Photobiomodulation (low-level laser) for oral mucositis](https://onco.cc/technologies/photobiomodulation-mucositis/), [Photodynamic therapy lasers and light sources](https://onco.cc/technologies/photodynamic-therapy-lasers/), [Photoimmunotherapy & photodynamic therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/photoimmunotherapy/), [Platinum agents](https://onco.cc/technologies/platinum/), [Proton therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/proton-therapy/), [Proton therapy machines: cyclotrons, synchrotrons and single-room systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/proton-therapy-systems/), [Radiodynamic therapy and radiosensitising nanoparticles](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiodynamic-therapy/), [Radioprotectors and normal-tissue sparing drugs](https://onco.cc/technologies/radioprotectors/), [Radiosensitisers](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiosensitisers/), [Radiotherapy QA phantoms and dosimeters (Sun Nuclear, IBA Dosimetry, PTW)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiotherapy-qa-phantoms-dosimeters/), [Resistance training and protein for cachexia and sarcopenia](https://onco.cc/technologies/resistance-training-cachexia/), [Ring-gantry linacs (Halcyon, Ethos)](https://onco.cc/technologies/ring-gantry-linac/), [Robotic & minimally invasive surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/robotic-surgery/), [Sentinel lymph node biopsy](https://onco.cc/technologies/sentinel-node/), [Smoking cessation in cancer patients](https://onco.cc/technologies/smoking-cessation-after-diagnosis/), [Surgical robots: da Vinci, Hugo, Versius and single-port systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/surgical-robot-platforms/), [The four Rs and accelerated repopulation](https://onco.cc/technologies/fractionation-repopulation-models/), [TomoTherapy and Radixact (helical radiotherapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/tomotherapy/), [Transoral robotic surgery (TORS)](https://onco.cc/technologies/tors/), [Tumour hypoxia: imaging and modification](https://onco.cc/technologies/tumour-hypoxia-modification/)
- targets: [AJUBA](https://onco.cc/targets/ajuba/), [AKAP9](https://onco.cc/targets/akap9/), [ALDH1A2](https://onco.cc/targets/aldh1a2/), [AREG](https://onco.cc/targets/areg/), [ARID2](https://onco.cc/targets/arid2/), [AURKB](https://onco.cc/targets/aurkb/), [B2M](https://onco.cc/targets/b2m/), [B7-H3](https://onco.cc/targets/b7h3/), [BIRC6](https://onco.cc/targets/birc6/), [CASP8](https://onco.cc/targets/casp8/), [CCND1](https://onco.cc/targets/ccnd1/), [CD44](https://onco.cc/targets/cd44/), [CDKN1B](https://onco.cc/targets/cdkn1b/), [CDKN2A](https://onco.cc/targets/cdkn2a/), [CHD4](https://onco.cc/targets/chd4/), [CIITA](https://onco.cc/targets/ciita/), [CREBBP](https://onco.cc/targets/crebbp/), [CSMD3](https://onco.cc/targets/csmd3/), [CTCF](https://onco.cc/targets/ctcf/), [CTNNA2](https://onco.cc/targets/ctnna2/), [CYLD](https://onco.cc/targets/cyld/), [DDX3X](https://onco.cc/targets/ddx3x/), [DPYD](https://onco.cc/targets/dpyd/), [EGF](https://onco.cc/targets/egf/), [EGFR](https://onco.cc/targets/egfr/), [ELK4](https://onco.cc/targets/elk4/), [EP300](https://onco.cc/targets/ep300/), [FAM135B](https://onco.cc/targets/fam135b/), [FANCA](https://onco.cc/targets/fanca/), [FAT1](https://onco.cc/targets/fat1/), [FAT3](https://onco.cc/targets/fat3/), [FBLN2](https://onco.cc/targets/fbln2/), [GATA2](https://onco.cc/targets/gata2/), [HLA-B](https://onco.cc/targets/hla-b/), [HRAS](https://onco.cc/targets/hras/), [IDO1](https://onco.cc/targets/ido1/), [ING1](https://onco.cc/targets/ing1/), [KDM5C](https://onco.cc/targets/kdm5c/), [KIF5B](https://onco.cc/targets/kif5b/), [KMT2D](https://onco.cc/targets/kmt2d/), [LRP1B](https://onco.cc/targets/lrp1b/), [MAPK1](https://onco.cc/targets/mapk1/), [MB21D2](https://onco.cc/targets/mb21d2/), [MIB2](https://onco.cc/targets/mib2/), [MYH11](https://onco.cc/targets/myh11/), [MYH9](https://onco.cc/targets/myh9/), [NBN](https://onco.cc/targets/nbn/), [NCOR1](https://onco.cc/targets/ncor1/), [NF2](https://onco.cc/targets/nf2/), [NFE2L2](https://onco.cc/targets/nfe2l2/), [NOTCH1](https://onco.cc/targets/notch1/), [NOTCH2](https://onco.cc/targets/notch2/), [NRG1](https://onco.cc/targets/nrg1/), [NSD1](https://onco.cc/targets/nsd1/), [NSD2](https://onco.cc/targets/nsd2/), [PD-1](https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/), [PD-L1](https://onco.cc/targets/pdl1/), [PDCD1LG2](https://onco.cc/targets/pdcd1lg2/), [PIK3CA / PI3K-alpha](https://onco.cc/targets/pik3ca/), [PIK3CB](https://onco.cc/targets/pik3cb/), [PRKCB](https://onco.cc/targets/prkcb/), [PTPRT](https://onco.cc/targets/ptprt/), [RAC1](https://onco.cc/targets/rac1/), [RASA1](https://onco.cc/targets/rasa1/), [RHOA](https://onco.cc/targets/rhoa/), [SDCBP](https://onco.cc/targets/sdcbp/), [SETD1B](https://onco.cc/targets/setd1b/), [SETDB1](https://onco.cc/targets/setdb1/), [SMAD4](https://onco.cc/targets/smad4/), [TGFA](https://onco.cc/targets/tgfa/), [TGFBR2](https://onco.cc/targets/tgfbr2/), [TP63](https://onco.cc/targets/tp63/), [TRRAP](https://onco.cc/targets/trrap/), [ZMYM3](https://onco.cc/targets/zmym3/)
- terms: [Alcohol-attributable cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/alcohol-attributable-cancer/), [Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT)](https://onco.cc/terms/chemoradiation/), [Combined positive score (CPS)](https://onco.cc/terms/cps/), [Dose-dense and metronomic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/terms/dose-dense-chemotherapy/), [Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)](https://onco.cc/terms/dysphagia/), [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/ebv-term/), [Feeding tube (gastrostomy, PEG, jejunostomy)](https://onco.cc/terms/feeding-tube/), [Head and neck subsites (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx)](https://onco.cc/terms/head-neck-subsites/), [HPV status (HPV-positive / HPV-negative)](https://onco.cc/terms/hpv-status/), [HPV-positive (p16) head and neck cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/hpv-p16/), [Induction therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/induction-therapy/), [LGR5](https://onco.cc/terms/lgr5/), [Neoadjuvant / adjuvant / perioperative](https://onco.cc/terms/neoadjuvant-adjuvant/), [Nutrition impact symptoms](https://onco.cc/terms/nutrition-impact-symptoms/), [Organ preservation (watch-and-wait, bladder-sparing, larynx preservation)](https://onco.cc/terms/organ-preservation/), [Perineural invasion (PNI)](https://onco.cc/terms/perineural-invasion/), [Radiation dermatitis (skin reaction)](https://onco.cc/terms/radiation-dermatitis/), [Re-irradiation](https://onco.cc/terms/re-irradiation/), [Squamous cell carcinoma](https://onco.cc/terms/squamous-cell-carcinoma/), [TNM staging](https://onco.cc/terms/tnm-staging/)
- drugs: [ADU-S100 (MIW815)](https://onco.cc/drugs/adu-s100/), [AK117](https://onco.cc/drugs/ak117/), [Amifostine](https://onco.cc/drugs/amifostine/), [Avasopasem manganese](https://onco.cc/drugs/avasopasem-manganese/), [BNT113](https://onco.cc/drugs/bnt113/), [CERVAVAC (quadrivalent HPV vaccine, India)](https://onco.cc/drugs/cervavac/), [Cetuximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/cetuximab/), [Cetuximab sarotalocan](https://onco.cc/drugs/cetuximab-sarotalocan/), [Cisplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/cisplatin/), [Docetaxel](https://onco.cc/drugs/docetaxel/), [Domvanalimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/domvanalimab/), [Ficerafusp alfa](https://onco.cc/drugs/ficerafusp-alfa/), [Ficlatuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ficlatuzumab/), [Fluorouracil (5-FU)](https://onco.cc/drugs/fluorouracil/), [Gotistobart](https://onco.cc/drugs/gotistobart/), [HMBD-001](https://onco.cc/drugs/hmbd-001/), [HS-20093](https://onco.cc/drugs/hs-20093/), [INBRX-106](https://onco.cc/drugs/inbrx-106/), [IO102-IO103](https://onco.cc/drugs/io102-io103/), [JK08](https://onco.cc/drugs/jk08/), [JNJ-90301900](https://onco.cc/drugs/jnj-90301900/), [Lifileucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/lifileucel/), [LVGN6051](https://onco.cc/drugs/lvgn6051/), [MCLA-129](https://onco.cc/drugs/mcla-129/), [Methotrexate](https://onco.cc/drugs/methotrexate/), [Monalizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/monalizumab/), [MRG003](https://onco.cc/drugs/mrg003/), [NBTXR3 (hafnium oxide nanoparticles)](https://onco.cc/drugs/nbtxr3/), [Nedaplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/nedaplatin/), [Nimorazole](https://onco.cc/drugs/nimorazole/), [Nimotuzumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nimotuzumab/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Nonavalent HPV vaccine](https://onco.cc/drugs/gardasil-9/), [PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx](https://onco.cc/drugs/dako-pd-l1-22c3-pharmdx/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Petosemtamab](https://onco.cc/drugs/petosemtamab/), [Pilocarpine](https://onco.cc/drugs/pilocarpine/), [RaDaR](https://onco.cc/drugs/radar-mrd/), [SHR-A2102](https://onco.cc/drugs/shr-a2102/), [SI-B001](https://onco.cc/drugs/si-b001/), [SYS6010](https://onco.cc/drugs/sys6010/), [T3011](https://onco.cc/drugs/t3011/), [Technetium-99m tilmanocept](https://onco.cc/drugs/tilmanocept-tc99m/), [Temoporfin](https://onco.cc/drugs/temoporfin/), [Tilatamig samrotecan](https://onco.cc/drugs/tilatamig-samrotecan/), [Toripalimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/toripalimab/), [Zanzalintinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/zanzalintinib/)
- companies: [A2 Biotherapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/a2-biotherapeutics/), [Alpha Tau Medical](https://onco.cc/companies/alpha-tau-medical/), [AP Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/ap-biosciences/), [Aveta Biomics](https://onco.cc/companies/aveta-biomics/), [Bicara Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/bicara-therapeutics/), [Bristol Myers Squibb](https://onco.cc/companies/bms/), [Cofactor Genomics](https://onco.cc/companies/cofactor-genomics/), [Coherus BioSciences](https://onco.cc/companies/coherus/), [DAHANCA](https://onco.cc/companies/dahanca/), [Debiopharm](https://onco.cc/companies/debiopharm/), [EpicentRx](https://onco.cc/companies/epicentrx/), [Eurofarma](https://onco.cc/companies/eurofarma/), [Galera Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/galera-therapeutics/), [Genmab](https://onco.cc/companies/genmab/), [GI Innovation](https://onco.cc/companies/gi-innovation/), [GORTEC](https://onco.cc/companies/gortec/), [GV20 Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/gv20-therapeutics/), [IGEA](https://onco.cc/companies/igea/), [Immutep](https://onco.cc/companies/immutep/), [Inivata](https://onco.cc/companies/inivata/), [Inovio Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/inovio/), [Intuitive Surgical](https://onco.cc/companies/intuitive-surgical/), [Lepu Biopharma](https://onco.cc/companies/lepu-biopharma/), [Merck & Co. (MSD)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck/), [Merck KGaA (EMD Serono)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck-kgaa/), [Mersana Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/mersana/), [Merus](https://onco.cc/companies/merus/), [Monopar Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/monopar/), [Nanobiotix](https://onco.cc/companies/nanobiotix/), [Naveris](https://onco.cc/companies/naveris/), [Navidea Biopharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/navidea/), [Neonc Technologies](https://onco.cc/companies/neonc-technologies/), [Neutron Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/neutron-therapeutics/), [NRG Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/nrg-oncology/), [Nykode Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/nykode-therapeutics/), [OncoC4](https://onco.cc/companies/oncoc4/), [QBiotics](https://onco.cc/companies/qbiotics/), [Rakuten Medical](https://onco.cc/companies/rakuten-medical/), [Scancell](https://onco.cc/companies/scancell/), [Serum Institute of India](https://onco.cc/companies/serum-institute-of-india/), [Stella Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/stella-pharma/), [TAE Life Sciences](https://onco.cc/companies/tae-life-sciences/), [TiumBio](https://onco.cc/companies/tiumbio/), [Transgene](https://onco.cc/companies/transgene/), [TROG Cancer Research](https://onco.cc/companies/trog/), [UbiVac](https://onco.cc/companies/ubivac/), [VasGene Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/vasgene-therapeutics/), [Vyriad](https://onco.cc/companies/vyriad/)
- institutions: [A.C. Camargo Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/ac-camargo/), [Aarhus University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/aarhus-university-hospital/), [Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer](https://onco.cc/institutions/actrec/), [All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi](https://onco.cc/institutions/aiims-delhi/), [Antwerp University Hospital (UZA)](https://onco.cc/institutions/antwerp-university-hospital/), [Apollo Hospitals (Apollo Cancer Centres)](https://onco.cc/institutions/apollo-hospitals/), [ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia](https://onco.cc/institutions/spedali-civili-brescia/), [Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar](https://onco.cc/institutions/cancer-institute-adyar/), [Centre Antoine Lacassagne](https://onco.cc/institutions/centre-antoine-lacassagne/), [Centre Oscar Lambret](https://onco.cc/institutions/centre-oscar-lambret/), [Chang Gung Memorial Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/chang-gung-memorial-hospital/), [Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Irvine](https://onco.cc/institutions/uci-chao/), [Chris O'Brien Lifehouse](https://onco.cc/institutions/chris-obrien-lifehouse/), [Christian Medical College, Vellore](https://onco.cc/institutions/cmc-vellore/), [Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/dana-farber/), [Dharmais National Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/dharmais-cancer-hospital/), [Ghent University Hospital / Cancer Research Institute Ghent](https://onco.cc/institutions/uz-gent/), [Groote Schuur Hospital / University of Cape Town](https://onco.cc/institutions/groote-schuur-uct/), [Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/gunma-heavy-ion-medical-center/), [Hacettepe University Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/hacettepe-cancer-institute/), [HealthCare Global Enterprises](https://onco.cc/institutions/hcg/), [Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/hcmc-oncology-hospital/), [Hokkaido University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/hokkaido-university-hospital/), [Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre, Varanasi](https://onco.cc/institutions/homi-bhabha-cancer-hospital-varanasi/), [ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research](https://onco.cc/institutions/icmr-nicpr/), [Institut National d'Oncologie, Rabat](https://onco.cc/institutions/institut-national-oncologie-rabat/), [Institut Pasteur](https://onco.cc/institutions/institut-pasteur/), [Institut Salah Azaïez](https://onco.cc/institutions/institut-salah-azaiez/), [Institute of Oncology Ljubljana](https://onco.cc/institutions/onkoloski-institut-ljubljana/), [Istanbul University Institute of Oncology](https://onco.cc/institutions/istanbul-oncology-institute/), [IUCT Oncopole (Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse)](https://onco.cc/institutions/iuct-oncopole/), [Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology](https://onco.cc/institutions/kidwai-memorial-institute-of-oncology/), [Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/koo-foundation-sun-yat-sen-cancer-center/), [Max Healthcare (Max Institute of Cancer Care)](https://onco.cc/institutions/max-healthcare/), [MUSC Hollings Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/musc-hollings/), [Narayana Health (Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre)](https://onco.cc/institutions/narayana-health/), [National Cancer Center Hospital East](https://onco.cc/institutions/ncc-hospital-east/), [National Cancer Centre Singapore](https://onco.cc/institutions/nccs/), [National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR-NINE, Bengaluru)](https://onco.cc/institutions/icmr-ncrp/), [National Institute of Oncology, Hungary](https://onco.cc/institutions/noi-budapest/), [NCT/UCC Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus](https://onco.cc/institutions/nct-dresden/), [O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB](https://onco.cc/institutions/oneal-uab/), [Ocean Road Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/ocean-road-cancer-institute/), [Philippine General Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/philippine-general-hospital/), [Prince of Wales Hospital / Chinese University of Hong Kong](https://onco.cc/institutions/prince-of-wales-hospital-cuhk/), [QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/qimr-berghofer/), [QST Hospital (National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology)](https://onco.cc/institutions/qst-hospital/), [Queen Mary Hospital / University of Hong Kong](https://onco.cc/institutions/queen-mary-hospital-hku/), [Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/rgci/), [Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/shandong-cancer-hospital/), [Shizuoka Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/shizuoka-cancer-center/), [Sichuan Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/sichuan-cancer-hospital/), [Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University](https://onco.cc/institutions/siriraj-hospital/), [Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/sysucc/), [Tata Medical Center, Kolkata](https://onco.cc/institutions/tata-medical-center-kolkata/), [Tata Memorial Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/tata-memorial/), [Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/tmucih/), [UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/ucsd-moores/), [UMC Utrecht Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/umc-utrecht/), [University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/uchicago-cancer/), [University of Malaya Medical Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/ummc-kuala-lumpur/), [UPMC Hillman Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/upmc-hillman/), [Velindre Cancer Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/velindre-cardiff/), [Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (K Hospital)](https://onco.cc/institutions/k-hospital-hanoi/), [Yale Cancer Center / Smilow Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/yale-cancer-center/), [Zhejiang Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/zhejiang-cancer-hospital/)
- trials: [A Broad Multi-histology Phase II Study of the Multi-Kinase Inhibitor R935788 (Fostamatinib Disodium) in Advanced Colorectal, Non-small Cell Lung, Head and Neck Hepatocellular and Renal Cell Carcinomas, and Pheochromocytoma and Thyroid Tumors (Multi-H..](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00923481/), [A Clinical Study of SI-B001 in Combination With Paclitaxel/Docetaxel in the Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic HNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05054439/), [A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SI-B001 in the Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic HNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05044897/), [A Clinical Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Tigilanol Tiglate Directly in Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05608876/), [A Clinical Trial Evaluating TG4050 in Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04183166/), [A Clinical Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, and Therapeutic Effects of BNT113 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone for Patients With a Form of Head and Neck Cancer Positive for Human Papilloma Virus 16 and Expressing the Protein PD-L1](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04534205/), [A Phase 1/2 Trial of TER-2013 in Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring AKT/PI3K/PTEN Pathway Alterations](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07109726/), [A Phase 3 Study of AK112 Plus AK117 Versus Pembrolizumab in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (R/M HNSCC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06601335/), [A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Petosemtamab Compared With Investigator's Choice Monotherapy in Previously Treated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma P](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06496178/), [A Phase I/II Study of VLS-1488 in Subjects With Advanced Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05902988/), [A Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial to Investigate BVAC-E6E7 in Subjects With HPV Positive HNSCC.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06797986/), [A Phase Ib/II Study of an Anti-HER3 Antibody, HMBD-001, With Cetuximab +/- Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous Cell Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05910827/), [A Platform Study of Novel Immunotherapy Combinations as First-Line Treatment in Participants With PD-L1 Positive Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck- GALAXIES H&N-202](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06062420/), [A Study Evaluating Ficerafusp Alfa (BCA101) QW in Combination With Pembrolizumab vs Alternative Ficerafusp Alfa Dosing in 1L R or M HNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07807163/), [A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of PRV111, PRV211, and PRV131 in Subjects With Oral and Lung Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05893888/), [A Study of Amivantamab Alone or in Addition to Other Treatment Agents in Participants With Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06385080/), [A Study of Amivantamab in Addition to Standard of Care Agents (SOC) Compared With SOC Alone in Participants With Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07276399/), [A Study of ASP-1929 Photoimmunotherapy in Combination With Pembrolizumab in First-line Treatment of Locoregional Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of ](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06699212/), [A Study of Bispecific Antibody MCLA-158 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03526835/), [A Study of BL-B01D1, SI-B003 and BL-B01D1+SI-B003 in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumor](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06006169/), [A Study of BL-B01D1+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06437522/), [A Study of Disitamab Vedotin in Previously Treated Solid Tumors That Express HER2](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06003231/), [A Study of DM005 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06515990/), [A Study of Dostarlimab vs Placebo After Chemoradiation in Adult Participants With Locally Advanced Unresected Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06256588/), [A Study of Evofosfamide in Combination with Zalifrelimab and Balstilimab](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06782555/), [A Study of Ficlatuzumab in Combination With Cetuximab in Participants With Recurrent or Metastatic (R/M) HPV Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06064877/), [A Study of GI-108, an Anti-CD73-IgG4 Fc-IL-2v Bispecific Fusion Protein, as Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07172802/), [A Study of GV20-0251 Monotherapy and GV20-0251 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Participants With Solid Tumor Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05669430/), [A Study of IDP-001 in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07602842/), [A Study of LVGN6051 Combination Therapy in Patient With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06378177/), [A Study of MT-4561 in Patients With Various Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06943521/), [A Study of SI-B001+SI-B003 Combined With Platinum-based Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Sq](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06668961/), [A Study of SI-B001+SI-B003± Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05668858/), [A Study to Assess IPN01194 When Administered Alone in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumours](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06305247/), [A Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability and Imaging Characteristics of [68Ga]Ga-DPI-4452 and to Assess Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-DPI-4452 in Participants With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05706129/), [A Study to Evaluate Lenti-HPV-07 Immunotherapy Against HPV+ Cervical or Oropharyngeal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06319963/), [A Study to Evaluate MRG003 vs Cetuximab/Methotrexate in in the Treatment of Patients With RM-SCCHN](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05751512/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of A2B395, an Allogeneic Logic-gated CAR T, in Participants With Solid Tumors That Express EGFR and Have Lost HLA-A*02 Expression](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06682793/), [A Study to Investigate ALE.P02 as Monotherapy in Adult Patients With Selected CLDN1+ Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06747585/), [A Study to Investigate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Activity of AP203 in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors, and Expansion to Selected Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05473156/), [A Study to See if Giving Fianlimab and Cemiplimab Together is Better Than Cemiplimab Alone at Treating Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous ](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06769698/), [A Trial of SHR-A2102 With Adebrelimab With or Without Other Anti-tumor Therapies in Recurrent/MetastaticHead and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07059221/), [AK129 Combination Therapy for Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06943820/), [An Open-label Study Using ASP-1929 Photoimmunotherapy in Combination With Anti-PD1 Therapy in EGFR Expressing Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04305795/), [ARTEMIS-006: HS-20093 in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06007729/), [ASP-1929 Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) Study in Recurrent Head/Neck Cancer for Patients Who Have Failed at Least Two Lines of Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03769506/), [Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Monalizumab Plus Cetuximab Compared to Placebo Plus Cetuximab in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04590963/), [BGJ398 in Treating Patients With FGFR Positive Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02706691/), [Bonner trial (cetuximab plus radiotherapy)](https://onco.cc/trials/bonner-cetuximab-rt/), [CAPTAIN-1st](https://onco.cc/trials/captain-1st/), [CheckMate 141](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-141/), [Clinical Trial of HG146 Administered to Participants with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06781567/), [Clinical Trial of SIBP-03 in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06194656/), [DAHANCA 5](https://onco.cc/trials/dahanca-5/), [De-ESCALaTE HPV](https://onco.cc/trials/de-escalate/), [Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of VS-101 in Combination With Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06959082/), [Efficacy and Safety Study of Tisotumab Vedotin for Patients With Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03485209/), [Efficacy and Safety Trial of ADU-S100 and Pembrolizumab in Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03937141/), [EGFR/HER2 Dual-Target CAR-NK Cells for Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07617805/), [Elective vs therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer (Tata Memorial)](https://onco.cc/trials/elective-neck-dissection-tmh/), [Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00911326/), [Evorpacept (ALX148) in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASPEN-04)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04675333/), [Evorpacept (ALX148) in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASPEN-03)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04675294/), [EXTREME](https://onco.cc/trials/extreme/), [FID-007 and Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06332092/), [First in Human Study of AZD9592 in Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05647122/), [FORTIFI-HN01](https://onco.cc/trials/fortifi-hn01/), [GEN1042 Safety Trial and Anti-tumor Activity in Participants With Malignant Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04083599/), [H101 Plus TACE for r/m HNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07398664/), [INBRX-106 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in First-line PD-L1 CPS≥20 HNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06295731/), [Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Temoporfin for Advanced Head and Neck Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01415986/), [Intratumoral N17350 in Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07339176/), [Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab Plus Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for HAHNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07447570/), [Ixovex-1 Single Agent and Combination Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06549946/), [JAVELIN Head and Neck 100](https://onco.cc/trials/javelin-hn-100/), [JNJ-90301900 (NBTXR3) Activated by Radiotherapy With or Without Cetuximab in LA-HNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04892173/), [JUPITER-02](https://onco.cc/trials/jupiter-02/), [KEN SHE (single-dose HPV vaccine)](https://onco.cc/trials/ken-she/), [Kerala oral cancer visual screening trial (Trivandrum)](https://onco.cc/trials/kerala-oral-screening/), [KEYNOTE-048](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-048/), [KEYNOTE-412](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-412/), [KEYNOTE-689](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-689/), [Lead-212 PSV359 Therapy for Patients With Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06710756/), [LiGeR-HN1](https://onco.cc/trials/liger-hn1/), [Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial)](https://onco.cc/trials/low-dose-nivolumab-tmh/), [METRO PLUS (Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi)](https://onco.cc/trials/metro-plus-varanasi/), [MIT-001 for Prevention of CCRT-Induced OM in HNSCC Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04651634/), [Modi-1 Moditope in Breast, Head and Neck, Ovarian, or Renal Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05329532/), [Neoadjuvant Cemiplimab for the Treatment of Resectable NSCLC, HCC, and HNSCC in Adult Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03916627/), [NHS-Galleri](https://onco.cc/trials/nhs-galleri/), [NIVOPOSTOP (GORTEC 2018-01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nivopostop/), [NRG-HN002 & NRG-HN005 (HPV+ de-escalation)](https://onco.cc/trials/nrg-hn002-hn005/), [Oral metronomic chemotherapy vs intravenous cisplatin (Tata Memorial)](https://onco.cc/trials/metronomic-vs-cisplatin-tmh/), [Palifermin for the Reduction of Oral Mucositis in Patients With Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00101582/), [Pembrolizumab Plus Epacadostat, Pembrolizumab Monotherapy, and the EXTREME Regimen in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (KEYNOTE-669/ECHO-304)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03358472/), [Phase 1/2 Study Evaluating MCLA-129, a Human Anti-EGFR, Anti-c-MET Bispecific Antibody, in Advanced NSCLC and Other Solid Tumors, Alone and in Combina](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04868877/), [Phase 1/2 Study to Evaluate TH9619 in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07151040/), [Phase 2 Trial of Voyager V1 in Combination With Cemiplimab in Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04291105/), [Phase I-II, FIH, TROP2 ADC, Advanced Unresectable/Metastatic Solid Tumors, Refractory to Standard Therapies (KL264-01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04152499/), [Pilocarpine in Preventing Mucositis and Dry Mouth in Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00003139/), [Pucotenlimab Plus Becotatug Vedotin in Perioperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07586124/), [QUILT-3.055: A Study of Combination Immunotherapies in Patients Who Have Previously Received Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03228667/), [Response Adaptive Radiotherapy Following Immunotherapy-based Induction for Non-HPV Related HNSCC](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06345287/), [ROMAN](https://onco.cc/trials/roman/), [RRx-001 for Reducing Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and Radiation for Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05966194/), [RTOG 0129 (HPV analysis)](https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-0129/), [RTOG 1016](https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-1016/), [RTOG 91-11](https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-91-11/), [Safety and Efficacy of APG-157 in Head and Neck Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05312710/), [Safety and Efficacy of NEO212 in Patients With Astrocytoma IDH-mutant, Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype or Brain Metastasis](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06047379/), [Safety and Efficacy of VB10.16 and Pembrolizumab in Patients With Head-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06016920/), [Study for Participants Continuing From Pfizer-sponsored Palbociclib (a Study Medicine) Studies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05226871/), [Study of CP-383 in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07030257/), [Study of GV20-0251 in Participants With Solid Tumor Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07070518/), [Study of NEO-201 in Solid Tumors Expansion Cohorts](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03476681/), [Study of Novel Treatment Combination Therapies in Participants With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Regardless of PD-L1 Expression Status; Subst](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06727565/), [Study of Retinfanlimab in Combination With INCAGN02385 and INCAGN02390 as First-Line Treatment in Participants With PD-L1-Positive (CPS ≥ 1) Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05287113/), [Study of the Monoclonal Antibody IMT-009 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphomas](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05565417/), [Study of TL117 in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04843098/), [Study of TU2218 in Combination With KEYTRUDA®(Pembrolizumab) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05784688/), [Study of Volrustomig as Monotherapy or in Combination With Anti- Cancer Agents in Participants With Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06535607/), [Study of Zanzalintinib (XL092) + Pembrolizumab vs Pembrolizumab in Subjects With PD-L1 Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06082167/), [Study to Assess GTAEXS617 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05985655/), [Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Oral NRC-2694-A in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05283226/), [SYS6010 Combined With Enlonstobart In Recurrent Or Metastatic Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07254585/), [To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Accelerator-Based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (AB-BNCT) Combined With NBB-001 and NBB-002 for Patients With Recurrent Head and Neck Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07795034/), [TPExtreme (GORTEC 2014-01)](https://onco.cc/trials/tpextreme/), [Trial Comparing Oral Pilocarpine (Salagen) Versus Submandibular Salivary Gland Transfer Protocol, For the Prevention of Radiation (XRT) Induced Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancer Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00168181/), [TrilynX](https://onco.cc/trials/trilynx/), [VMD-928 Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab to Treat TrkA Overexpression Driven Solid Tumors or Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03556228/)
- journals: [Head & neck](https://onco.cc/journals/head-and-neck-journal/), [Head and neck pathology](https://onco.cc/journals/head-and-neck-pathology/), [Oral oncology](https://onco.cc/journals/oral-oncology/), [Tumour virus research](https://onco.cc/journals/tumour-virus-research/)
- ideas: [A coordinated FLASH radiotherapy evidence programme with shared dose-rate standards](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-flash-evidence-programme/), [A dietitian in every gastrointestinal and head and neck tumour board](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-nl-dietitian-in-every-mdt/), [A funded programme of organ-preservation trials to avoid radical surgery](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-organ-preservation-programme/), [A platform trial of very-low-cost metronomic chemotherapy in LMIC common cancers](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-metronomic-lmic-platform-trial/), [A pragmatic trial network for intraoperative margin tools, paid on margin reduction](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-intraoperative-imaging-trials/), [A short pre-surgery drug window as the default early test of new agents](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-window-of-opportunity-default/), [A standing platform for testing new drugs with radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-rt-drug-platform/), [An Epstein-Barr virus vaccine to prevent nasopharyngeal cancer and lymphomas](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-ebv-vaccine/), [Blended finance and a low-cost linac to close the global radiotherapy gap](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-lmic-radiotherapy-finance/), [Blood EBV DNA screening for nasopharyngeal cancer across southern China and Southeast Asia](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-ebv-dna-npc-screening-scaleup/), [Burden-matched funding for trials led in low- and middle-income countries](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-lmic-burden-match/), [Catch-up HPV vaccination for men to prevent throat cancer](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-hpv-male-catchup-oropharynx/), [Clear the suppressive neutrophils out of pancreatic tumours first](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-cxcr2-neutrophil-blockade/), [Community health workers with smartphone AI screen for mouth cancer in South Asia](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-oral-cancer-community-smartphone-ai/), [Community-tailored HPV vaccine confidence campaigns with school-based delivery](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-hpv-vaccine-confidence/), [Confirm ultra-low-dose immunotherapy so it can be afforded where most patients live](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-low-dose-immunotherapy-for-lmic/), [ctHPV-DNA-adapted de-escalation of chemoradiation](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cthpv-adapted-deescalation/), [Cut the nerve supply to tumours with old drugs](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-nerve-tumour-blockade/), [Eliminate infection-caused cancers: HPV, hepatitis B and C, H. pylori and EBV](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-eliminate-infection-cancers/), [Evaluate alcohol minimum unit pricing against cancer incidence](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-nl-alcohol-minimum-pricing-cancer-endpoints/), [Intercept cancer at the field stage](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-field-interception/), [Keep dormant cells asleep instead of trying to kill them](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-pro-dormancy-therapy/), [Make a two-minute mouth cancer check part of every dental visit](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-dental-oral-exam-standard/), [Photobiomodulation and a taste and swallowing programme for mouth and throat toxicity](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-mucositis-taste-programme/), [Photoimmunotherapy as an in situ vaccine with PD-1 blockade](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-photoimmunotherapy-plus-pd1/), [Pre-surgery platform trials that test combinations on pathological response in months](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-neoadjuvant-combo-platform/), [Protect hearing from cisplatin in adults as we now do in children](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-hearing-protection-cisplatin/), [Radiotherapy for everyone who needs it by 2040](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-radiotherapy-for-everyone-2040/), [Real-time margin assessment and image-guided surgery as the global standard](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-image-guided-surgery-everywhere/), [Standing reflex biomarker panels per tumour type, run without an oncologist's order](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-reflex-biomarker-panels-by-tumour/), [Switch every country to single-dose HPV vaccination and add catch-up to age 26](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-hpv-single-dose-switch-catchup/), [Test one-tenth-dose immunotherapy where the full dose is unaffordable](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cost-low-dose-immunotherapy-trials/), [Treat the draining lymph node before removing it](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-lymph-node-immune-priming/), [Turn one tumour into a vaccine to treat all the others](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-bio2-in-situ-vaccination-solid/), [Two-week pre-operative windows to compare combination biology head to head](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr2-window-of-opportunity-triplets/), [Validate low-cost metronomic oral regimens in phase 3 and carry them into guidelines](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-reg-metronomic-lmic-phase3-to-label/)
- fronts: [Supportive Care & Survivorship](https://onco.cc/fronts/supportive-care/)
- people: [Akhil Kapoor](https://onco.cc/people/kapoor-akhil/), [Andrzej Kawecki](https://onco.cc/people/andrzej-kawecki/), [Anil K. D'Cruz](https://onco.cc/people/dcruz-anil/), [Anthony C. Nichols](https://onco.cc/people/anthony-nichols/), [Anthony T. C. Chan](https://onco.cc/people/anthony-chan/), [Barbara Burtness](https://onco.cc/people/barbara-burtness/), [Beatriz Castelo](https://onco.cc/people/beatriz-castelo/), [Charu Aggarwal](https://onco.cc/people/charu-aggarwal/), [Christine H. Chung](https://onco.cc/people/christine-chung/), [Christophe Le Tourneau](https://onco.cc/people/christophe-le-tourneau/), [Daniel M. Aebersold](https://onco.cc/people/daniel-aebersold/), [Danny Rischin](https://onco.cc/people/danny-rischin/), [Deborah Watkins Bruner](https://onco.cc/people/deborah-bruner/), [Denise A. Galloway](https://onco.cc/people/denise-galloway/), [Douglas R. Lowy](https://onco.cc/people/douglas-lowy/), [Everett E. Vokes](https://onco.cc/people/everett-vokes/), [Ezra E. W. Cohen](https://onco.cc/people/ezra-cohen/), [Giovanni Blandino](https://onco.cc/people/giovanni-blandino/), [Goh Boon Cher](https://onco.cc/people/goh-boon-cher/), [Harald zur Hausen](https://onco.cc/people/harald-zur-hausen/), [Hisham Mehanna](https://onco.cc/people/hisham-mehanna/), [Hye Ryun Kim](https://onco.cc/people/kim-hye-ryun/), [J. Silvio Gutkind](https://onco.cc/people/j-silvio-gutkind/), [Jan B. Vermorken](https://onco.cc/people/jan-vermorken/), [Jean Bourhis](https://onco.cc/people/jean-bourhis/), [Jean-Pascal Machiels](https://onco.cc/people/jean-pascal-machiels/), [Jean-Pierre Delord](https://onco.cc/people/jean-pierre-delord/), [Jens Overgaard](https://onco.cc/people/jens-overgaard/), [Joël Guigay](https://onco.cc/people/joel-guigay/), [John V. Heymach](https://onco.cc/people/john-heymach/), [Jun Ma](https://onco.cc/people/ma-jun/), [Ken Kato](https://onco.cc/people/ken-kato/), [Kevin Harrington](https://onco.cc/people/kevin-harrington/), [Kumar Prabhash](https://onco.cc/people/prabhash-kumar/), [Lê Văn Quảng](https://onco.cc/people/le-van-quang/), [Li Zhang](https://onco.cc/people/zhang-li-sysucc/), [Lillian L. Siu](https://onco.cc/people/lillian-siu/), [Lori J. Wirth](https://onco.cc/people/lori-wirth/), [Marco Guzzo](https://onco.cc/people/marco-guzzo/), [Maura L. Gillison](https://onco.cc/people/maura-gillison/), [Michael Boyer](https://onco.cc/people/michael-boyer/), [Mu-Sheng Zeng](https://onco.cc/people/zeng-mu-sheng/), [Myung-Ju Ahn](https://onco.cc/people/ahn-myung-ju/), [Neil D. Gross](https://onco.cc/people/neil-gross/), [Pankaj Chaturvedi](https://onco.cc/people/chaturvedi-pankaj/), [Quynh-Thu Le](https://onco.cc/people/quynh-thu-le/), [Ravindra Uppaluri](https://onco.cc/people/ravindra-uppaluri/), [Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan](https://onco.cc/people/sankaranarayanan-rengaswamy/), [Robert L. Ferris](https://onco.cc/people/robert-ferris/), [Ulrich Keilholz](https://onco.cc/people/ulrich-keilholz/), [V. Shanta](https://onco.cc/people/shanta-v/), [Vanita Noronha](https://onco.cc/people/noronha-vanita/), [Vijay Patil](https://onco.cc/people/patil-vijay/), [Walter Winchell](https://onco.cc/people/walter-winchell/), [Wasiu Lanre Adeyemo](https://onco.cc/people/wasiu-lanre-adeyemo/), [Wenfeng Fang](https://onco.cc/people/fang-wenfeng/)
- bottlenecks: [Cachexia, toxicity and the limits of the patient](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-cachexia-supportive/), [Fragmented care and guideline gaps](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-care-fragmentation/), [Most of the world has almost no cancer care](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-global-access/), [No one can predict who responds to immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-immunotherapy-response/), [Prevention we already have is not deployed](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-prevention-adoption/)
- pathways: [Cancer neuroscience (nerve-tumour signalling)](https://onco.cc/pathways/cancer-neuroscience/), [Field cancerisation](https://onco.cc/pathways/field-cancerisation/), [Invasion: proteases, adhesion & the invasive front](https://onco.cc/pathways/invasion-ecm-degradation/), [Notch signalling](https://onco.cc/pathways/notch/), [Oncogenic viruses](https://onco.cc/pathways/oncogenic-viruses/)
- key papers: [Alcohol caused an estimated 741,000 cancers worldwide in 2020](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-alcohol-cancer-burden-lancet-oncol-2021/), [Avasopasem manganese treatment for severe oral mucositis from chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer: phase 3 randomized controlled trial (ROMAN)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-roman-anderson-eclinicalmedicine-2025/), [Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report from National Cancer Registry Programme, India](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-mathur-ncrp-cancer-statistics-2020/), [Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-sankaranarayanan-oral-screening-lancet-2005/), [Elective versus therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-dcruz-elective-neck-dissection-nejm-2015/), [Fifty years of the British Doctors Study: smokers lose ten years of life, quitting gives most of it back](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-doll-peto-50-year-doctors-bmj-2004/), [KEYNOTE-048: pembrolizumab, alone or with chemotherapy, as first treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-keynote-048-lancet-2019/), [Low-dose immunotherapy in head and neck cancer: a randomised study (Tata Memorial)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-patil-low-dose-nivolumab-jco-2023/), [Performance of a multi-cancer early detection test in the randomized controlled NHS-Galleri trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nhs-galleri-performance-nat-med-2026/), [Swedish registry study: HPV vaccination almost eliminates cervical cancer when given before 17](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-hpv-vaccine-sweden-nejm-2020/)
- cancers: [Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-cutaneous-scc/), [HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (including HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer)](https://onco.cc/cancers/hpv-negative-head-and-neck-cancer/), [Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/laryngeal-cancer/), [Oral cavity cancer (mouth and tongue)](https://onco.cc/cancers/oral-cavity-cancer/), [Oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil and base of tongue)](https://onco.cc/cancers/oropharyngeal-cancer/), [Penile cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/penile/), [Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/recurrent-metastatic-hnscc/)
- biomarkers: [PD-L1 CPS (combined positive score)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pd-l1-cps/)
- collections: [NHS HPV vaccination programme](https://onco.cc/collections/nhs-hpv-vaccination/), [Vaccines for Children program (US)](https://onco.cc/collections/us-vaccines-for-children/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/head-and-neck.json