# Interleukin-10 (IL10)

Source: https://onco.cc/targets/il10/  
OnCo record `il10` (Target). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

IL-10 is a calming signal that many immune cells release; tumours and the viruses behind them raise it to keep the immune system quiet. Oddly, the main cancer drug built on it gave more IL-10 rather than less, and failed.

## Summary

IL10 (chromosome 1q32.1) encodes a major immune-regulatory cytokine with profound anti-inflammatory functions that binds a heterotetrameric receptor of IL10RA and IL10RB and signals through JAK1 to STAT3; it is produced by T cells, macrophages, mast cells and other cell types (UniProt P22301). HPV up-regulates IL-10 and TGF-beta 1 to produce a local immunosuppressive environment (Torres-Poveda et al. 2014). Pegilodecakin, a pegylated IL-10 given to stimulate CD8 T cells, was tested against FOLFOX in pancreatic cancer in phase 3 (NCT02923921); its CYPRESS-1 and CYPRESS-2 studies with PD-1 antibodies closed early because the risk-benefit ratio was unfavourable (NCT03382899, NCT03382912). The corpus's LB4330 fuses IL-10 to a Claudin 18.2 antibody, again as an agonist.

## Fields

- Kind: Target
- Last checked: 2026-09-24
- Also known as: IL-10; interleukin 10; CSIF
- Tags: checkpoint-map
- Symbol: IL10
- Class: other
- Biology: A soluble cytokine, not a receptor; listed with the checkpoint families as a microenvironment brake because the cited review frames it so.
- Where found: T cells, macrophages, mast cells (UniProt P22301)

## Notes

- Prevalence not recorded: HGNC and UniProt carry no positivity rates.

## Sources

- HGNC HGNC:5962: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:5962
- UniProt P22301: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P22301/entry
- NCBI Gene 3586: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3586
- Torres-Poveda et al. 2014 (Europe PMC): https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25302175
- ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03382899: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03382899

## Connected records

- targets: [TGFB1](https://onco.cc/targets/tgfb1/)
- terms: [Checkpoint (two meanings)](https://onco.cc/terms/checkpoint/), [Macrophage](https://onco.cc/terms/macrophage/)
- drugs: [LB4330](https://onco.cc/drugs/lb4330/)
- pathways: [TGF-β signalling](https://onco.cc/pathways/tgf-beta/), [The cancer-immunity cycle](https://onco.cc/pathways/cancer-immunity-cycle/)

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