# Immunotherapy

Source: https://onco.cc/fronts/immunotherapy/  
OnCo record `immunotherapy` (Front). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Immunotherapy helps the patient's own immune system recognise and destroy the cancer.

## Summary

This section gathers the treatments that work by getting the patient's own immune system to recognise and destroy the cancer rather than attacking the tumour directly with a drug. It covers checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 and LAG-3, bispecific T-cell engagers, cancer vaccines including personalised mRNA neoantigen vaccines, oncolytic viruses, cytokines and innate-immune agonists. Two problems dominate: working out in advance who will respond, and converting cold tumours into hot ones. Technology entries filed here include Monoclonal antibodies, Bispecific antibodies, Immuno-PET and Intravesical therapy, and companies placed in the section include Incyte, ImmunityBio, CG Oncology, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Y-mAbs Therapeutics and Shanghai Henlius Biotech.

## Fields

- Kind: Front
- Last checked: 2026-09-04

## Sources

- NCI: Immunotherapy to treat cancer: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy

## Connected records

- journals: [Cancer immunology, immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/journals/cancer-immunology-immunotherapy/), [Journal of immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/journals/journal-of-immunotherapy/), [Oncoimmunology](https://onco.cc/journals/oncoimmunology/)
- companies: [3D Medicines](https://onco.cc/companies/3d-medicines/), [Adventris Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/adventris-pharmaceuticals/), [Agenus](https://onco.cc/companies/agenus/), [Akeso](https://onco.cc/companies/akeso/), [Aldevron (Danaher)](https://onco.cc/companies/aldevron/), [Alphamab Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/alphamab/), [ALX Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/alx-oncology/), [Amgen](https://onco.cc/companies/amgen/), [Amgen Ventures](https://onco.cc/companies/amgen-ventures/), [Amunix Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/amunix-pharmaceuticals/), [Anocca](https://onco.cc/companies/anocca/), [AOP Health](https://onco.cc/companies/aop-health/), [argenx](https://onco.cc/companies/argenx/), [Asher Biotherapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/asher-bio/), [AstraZeneca](https://onco.cc/companies/astrazeneca/), [Bavarian Nordic](https://onco.cc/companies/bavarian-nordic/), [BeOne Medicines (formerly BeiGene)](https://onco.cc/companies/beone/), [Bicara Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/bicara-therapeutics/), [Biocad](https://onco.cc/companies/biocad/), [BioNTech](https://onco.cc/companies/biontech/), [Boehringer Ingelheim BioXcellence](https://onco.cc/companies/boehringer-ingelheim-biox/), [Bristol Myers Squibb](https://onco.cc/companies/bms/), [Candel Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/candel-therapeutics/), [Catalent (Novo Holdings)](https://onco.cc/companies/catalent/), [Celldex Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/celldex/), [CG Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/cg-oncology/), [Checkpoint Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/checkpoint-therapeutics/), [Cofactor Genomics](https://onco.cc/companies/cofactor-genomics/), [Coherus BioSciences](https://onco.cc/companies/coherus/), [Compass Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/compass-therapeutics/), [Compugen](https://onco.cc/companies/compugen/), [CStone Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/cstone/), [Cullinan Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/cullinan-therapeutics/), [CureVac](https://onco.cc/companies/curevac/), [CytomX Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/cytomx-therapeutics/), [Dendreon](https://onco.cc/companies/dendreon/), [Elevar Therapeutics (HLB)](https://onco.cc/companies/elevar-therapeutics/), [Eris Biotech](https://onco.cc/companies/eris-biotech/), [Evaxion](https://onco.cc/companies/evaxion/), [Even One Ventures](https://onco.cc/companies/evenone-ventures/), [Ferring Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/ferring/), [FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies](https://onco.cc/companies/fujifilm-diosynth/), [Gamgee](https://onco.cc/companies/gamgee/), [Geneos Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/geneos-therapeutics/), [Generate:Biomedicines](https://onco.cc/companies/generate-biomedicines/), [Genmab](https://onco.cc/companies/genmab/), [Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (Ichnos Glenmark Innovation)](https://onco.cc/companies/glenmark/), [Granza Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/granza-bio/), [Gritstone bio](https://onco.cc/companies/gritstone/), [GSK](https://onco.cc/companies/gsk/), [Guardian Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/guardian-bio/), [Harpoon Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/harpoon-therapeutics/), [Humane Genomics](https://onco.cc/companies/humane-genomics/), [IGM Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/igm-biosciences/), [ImmunityBio](https://onco.cc/companies/immunitybio/), [Immunocore](https://onco.cc/companies/immunocore/), [Immutep](https://onco.cc/companies/immutep/), [Imunon](https://onco.cc/companies/imunon/), [Incyte](https://onco.cc/companies/incyte/), [Inhibrx Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/inhibrx/), [Innovent Biologics](https://onco.cc/companies/innovent/), [Inovio Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/inovio/), [IO Biotech](https://onco.cc/companies/io-biotech/), [Janux Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/janux-therapeutics/), [Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals](https://onco.cc/companies/hengrui/), [Johnson & Johnson](https://onco.cc/companies/johnson-johnson/), [Kanvas Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/kanvas-biosciences/), [Kernal Biologics](https://onco.cc/companies/kernal-biologics/), [Kopra Bio](https://onco.cc/companies/kopra-bio/), [MaaT Pharma](https://onco.cc/companies/maat-pharma/), [Marengo Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/marengo-therapeutics/), [Mendus](https://onco.cc/companies/mendus/), [Merck & Co. (MSD)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck/), [Merck KGaA (EMD Serono)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck-kgaa/), [Merus](https://onco.cc/companies/merus/), [Microbiotica](https://onco.cc/companies/microbiotica/), [Moderna](https://onco.cc/companies/moderna/), [MorphoSys (Novartis)](https://onco.cc/companies/morphosys/), [Nektar Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/nektar-therapeutics/), [Nouscom](https://onco.cc/companies/nouscom/), [Nykode Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/nykode-therapeutics/), [Onc.AI](https://onco.cc/companies/onc-ai/), [OncoHost](https://onco.cc/companies/oncohost/), [OSE Immunotherapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/ose-immunotherapeutics/), [Persephone Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/persephone-biosciences/), [PharmaEssentia](https://onco.cc/companies/pharmaessentia/), [Regeneron](https://onco.cc/companies/regeneron/), [Replimune](https://onco.cc/companies/replimune/), [Roche / Genentech](https://onco.cc/companies/roche-genentech/), [Sanofi](https://onco.cc/companies/sanofi/), [Serova](https://onco.cc/companies/serova/), [Shanghai Henlius Biotech](https://onco.cc/companies/henlius/), [Shanghai Junshi Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/junshi/), [Simcere Pharmaceutical](https://onco.cc/companies/simcere/), [Sino Biopharmaceutical (Chia Tai Tianqing)](https://onco.cc/companies/sino-biopharm/), [SOTIO Biotech](https://onco.cc/companies/sotio/), [Strand Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/strand-therapeutics/), [Summit Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/summit-therapeutics/), [Sun Pharmaceutical Industries](https://onco.cc/companies/sun-pharma/), [SynsoryBio](https://onco.cc/companies/synsorybio/), [Takeda](https://onco.cc/companies/takeda/), [Tallac Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/tallac-therapeutics/), [TareBio](https://onco.cc/companies/tarebio/), [Third Rock Ventures](https://onco.cc/companies/third-rock-ventures/), [Tradewind BioScience](https://onco.cc/companies/tradewind-bioscience/), [Transgene](https://onco.cc/companies/transgene/), [Werewolf Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/werewolf-therapeutics/), [WuXi Biologics](https://onco.cc/companies/wuxi-biologics/), [Xencor](https://onco.cc/companies/xencor/), [Xilio Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/xilio-therapeutics/), [Y-mAbs Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/y-mabs/), [Zai Lab](https://onco.cc/companies/zai-lab/)
- technologies: [Antibody manufacturing (CHO bioprocessing)](https://onco.cc/technologies/monoclonal-antibody-manufacturing/), [Bacterial vector cancer vaccines](https://onco.cc/technologies/bacterial-vector-vaccines/), [Bacteriophage-based tumour delivery](https://onco.cc/technologies/phage-delivery/), [BCG manufacturing and the bladder cancer BCG shortage](https://onco.cc/technologies/bcg-vaccine-manufacturing/), [Biosimilar manufacturing and comparability](https://onco.cc/technologies/biosimilar-manufacturing/), [Bispecific antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/bispecific-antibody/), [Cancer interception vaccines](https://onco.cc/technologies/interception-vaccination/), [CAR-T against stroma: fibroblasts and myeloid cells](https://onco.cc/technologies/stroma-directed-car/), [CD40 agonist antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/cd40-agonists/), [CD47 and SIRP-alpha blockade](https://onco.cc/technologies/cd47-blockade/), [Chronotherapy: timing treatment to the body clock](https://onco.cc/technologies/chronotherapy/), [Cytokines & engineered cytokines](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytokine-therapy/), [Dendritic cell vaccines](https://onco.cc/technologies/dendritic-cell-vaccines/), [Dietary fibre and the gut microbiome for immunotherapy response](https://onco.cc/technologies/dietary-fibre-microbiome-io/), [Downstream purification (Protein A capture, viral clearance, polishing)](https://onco.cc/technologies/downstream-purification-chromatography/), [Engineered bacteria as living cancer drugs](https://onco.cc/technologies/engineered-bacteria-therapy/), [Faecal microbiota transplantation for PD-1 non-responders](https://onco.cc/technologies/fmt-checkpoint-nonresponders/), [Histotripsy as an immune primer](https://onco.cc/technologies/histotripsy-immune-priming/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [Immune endocrine damage is usually permanent, and almost nobody is told](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-recovery-endocrine-permanence/), [Immune-stimulating antibody conjugate (ISAC)](https://onco.cc/technologies/immune-stimulating-adc/), [Immuno-PET](https://onco.cc/technologies/immuno-pet/), [Immunocytokines (antibody-cytokine fusions)](https://onco.cc/technologies/immunocytokines/), [In situ vaccination](https://onco.cc/technologies/in-situ-vaccination/), [Intratumoural gene electrotransfer (IL-12 plasmid)](https://onco.cc/technologies/il12-electroporation/), [Intravesical therapy (BCG, chemotherapy, devices, gene and viral therapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/bcg-and-intravesical-therapy/), [LAG-3 blockade](https://onco.cc/technologies/lag3-blockade/), [Lattice and GRID radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/lattice-radiotherapy/), [Microbiome modulation to unlock immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/microbiome-modulation-io/), [Monoclonal antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/monoclonal-antibody/), [mRNA and lipid nanoparticle manufacturing](https://onco.cc/technologies/mrna-lnp-manufacturing/), [NK cell engagers](https://onco.cc/technologies/nk-cell-engagers/), [Off-the-shelf cancer vaccines](https://onco.cc/technologies/shared-antigen-vaccine/), [Oncolytic viruses](https://onco.cc/technologies/oncolytic-virus/), [Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines](https://onco.cc/technologies/neoantigen-mrna-vaccine/), [Photoimmunotherapy & photodynamic therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/photoimmunotherapy/), [Plasmid DNA and mRNA raw-material manufacturing](https://onco.cc/technologies/plasmid-dna-manufacturing/), [Probiotics, antibiotics and stewardship around immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/probiotics-antibiotic-stewardship-io/), [PSK (Krestin) mushroom polysaccharide as adjuvant therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/psk-krestin-adjuvant/), [Self-amplifying and circular RNA therapeutics](https://onco.cc/technologies/self-amplifying-rna/), [Single-use bioprocessing systems](https://onco.cc/technologies/single-use-bioprocessing/), [Sterile fill-finish and lyophilisation](https://onco.cc/technologies/sterile-fill-finish/), [STING & innate immune agonists](https://onco.cc/technologies/sting-agonist/), [T-cell engagers (bispecific)](https://onco.cc/technologies/t-cell-engager/), [TIGIT blockade](https://onco.cc/technologies/tigit-blockade/), [TIM-3 blockade](https://onco.cc/technologies/tim3-blockade/), [Trained innate immunity](https://onco.cc/technologies/trained-innate-immunity/), [Trispecific antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/trispecific-antibodies/)
- roadmaps: [Colorectal cancer roadmap: from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the first screening trials to total mesorectal excision, oxaliplatin, RAS testing, immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease, ctDNA-guided treatment and organ preservation](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/colorectal-roadmap/), [Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/gallbladder-cancer-roadmap/), [Immunotherapy roadmap: Coley's toxins → checkpoint inhibitors → engineered immunity](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/immunotherapy-roadmap/), [Lung cancer roadmap: from Doll and Hill and the naming of tobacco, through the cytotoxic plateau, computed tomography screening, EGFR and ALK, immunotherapy by PD-L1, the perioperative trials and PACIFIC, to DLL3 in small-cell disease and a 2032 registry watch](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/lung-cancer-evidence-roadmap/), [Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/), [Pancreatic cancer roadmap: from Whipple's operation to gemcitabine, FOLFIRINOX, adjuvant chemotherapy, PARP inhibition, KRAS inhibition, vaccines and the surveillance question](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/pancreatic-roadmap/), [TNBC roadmap: from 'nothing to target' to ADC + immunotherapy first line](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/tnbc-history/), [Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/tnbc-roadmap/)
- key papers: [Adjuvant atezolizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-felip-impower010-adjuvant-atezolizumab-lancet-2021/), [ADRIATIC: durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-adriatic-nejm-2024/), [Atezolizumab for first-line treatment of PD-L1-selected patients with NSCLC](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-herbst-impower110-atezolizumab-pd-l1-nejm-2020/), [Bischoff 1996: the adenovirus that was said to replicate only where p53 was lost](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bischoff-onyx-015-science-1996/), [Botensilimab plus balstilimab in relapsed/refractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 1 trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bullock-botensilimab-balstilimab-mss-colorectal-nat-med-2024/), [Bourgeois-Daigneault 2018: giving the virus before surgery, not after everything else has failed](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-bourgeois-daigneault-neoadjuvant-ovt-tnbc-scitranslmed-2018/), [Brentuximab vedotin combination for relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-echelon-3-brentuximab-lenalidomide-rituximab-dlbcl-jco-2025/), [Coffey 1998: reovirus grows in cells with an activated Ras pathway, which describes a great many cancers](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-coffey-reovirus-ras-science-1998/), [DeLLphi-301: tarlatamab, a DLL3-targeting T-cell engager, in previously treated small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-dellphi-301-nejm-2023/), [Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-paz-ares-caspian-durvalumab-es-sclc-lancet-2019/), [Final results of the IELSG-19 randomized trial of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: improved event-free and progression-free survival with rituximab plus chlorambucil versus either chlorambucil or rituximab monotherapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ielsg-19-chlorambucil-rituximab-malt-jco-2017/), [First trial of a vaccine against the shared neoantigens of mismatch-repair-deficient cancers](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-ccr-2020/), [Five-year survival outcomes from the PACIFIC trial: durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-spigel-pacific-five-year-survival-jco-2022/), [Hietanen 2022: the marketed oncolytic virus Rigvir was no more oncolytic than any other echovirus isolate](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-hietanen-rigvir-echovirus-viruses-2022/), [IGNYTE: an engineered herpes virus with nivolumab in melanoma that had already failed anti-PD-1 therapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-wong-ignyte-rp1-nivolumab-jco-2025/), [IMvigor011: using a blood test for leftover cancer to decide who gets immunotherapy after bladder surgery](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-imvigor011-nejm-2025/), [Iwai and Honjo: tumours use PD-L1 to escape T cells, and blocking it restores attack](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-iwai-pdl1-tumour-escape-pnas-2002/), [Kelly and Russell 2007: a century of trying to treat cancer with viruses, and why it kept stopping](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kelly-russell-oncolytic-history-moltherapy-2007/), [KEYNOTE-177: pembrolizumab instead of chemotherapy as first treatment for mismatch-repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-keynote-177-nejm-2020/), [KEYNOTE-199: pembrolizumab for treatment-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-antonarakis-keynote-199-pembrolizumab-jco-2020/), [Le 2015: PD-1 blockade works in tumours with mismatch-repair deficiency, whatever the organ](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-le-mmr-deficiency-pd1-nejm-2015/), [Le 2017: mismatch-repair deficiency predicts response to PD-1 blockade across twelve tumour types, leading to the first tissue-agnostic drug approval](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-le-mmr-deficiency-science-2017/), [Leach, Krummel and Allison: releasing the CTLA-4 brake makes mice reject tumours](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-leach-allison-ctla4-blockade-science-1996/), [Lenalidomide maintenance compared with placebo in responding elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with first-line R-CHOP](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-remarc-lenalidomide-maintenance-dlbcl-jco-2017/), [Martuza 1991: the first genetically engineered virus built to treat a cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-martuza-engineered-hsv-glioma-science-1991/), [Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in microsatellite-instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer (CheckMate 8HW)](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-andre-checkmate-8hw-nivolumab-ipilimumab-nejm-2024/), [Nonoperative management of mismatch repair-deficient tumors](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cercek-nonoperative-management-mismatch-repair-deficient-tumours-nejm-2025/), [Obinutuzumab or rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-goya-obinutuzumab-vs-rituximab-chop-dlbcl-jco-2017/), [OPTiM: the trial that made talimogene laherparepvec the first approved oncolytic virus](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-andtbacka-optim-talimogene-jco-2015/), [Perioperative durvalumab for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-heymach-aegean-perioperative-durvalumab-nejm-2023/), [Perioperative nivolumab and chemotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-provencio-nadim-ii-perioperative-nivolumab-stage-iii-nejm-2023/), [PHOCUS: an oncolytic vaccinia virus before sorafenib in liver cancer did worse than sorafenib alone](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-abou-alfa-phocus-pexa-vec-liver-cancer-2024/), [Pugh 2026: should a journal publish a scientist's experiment on herself?](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-pugh-self-experimentation-publication-jme-2026/), [Rituximab after autologous stem-cell transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lyma-rituximab-maintenance-after-transplant-mantle-cell-nejm-2017/), [Rituximab maintenance for 2 years in patients with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma responding to rituximab plus chemotherapy (PRIMA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-prima-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-lancet-2011/), [ROSEWOOD: a phase II randomized study of zanubrutinib plus obinutuzumab versus obinutuzumab monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-rosewood-zanubrutinib-obinutuzumab-follicular-jco-2023/), [Russell 2014: a measles virus given into the vein put one patient's myeloma into complete remission](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-russell-mv-nis-myeloma-mayo-2014/), [Russell, Peng and Bell 2012: the field states its own problems](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-russell-peng-bell-oncolytic-virotherapy-natbiotech-2012/), [Safety and efficacy of odronextamab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-elm-2-odronextamab-follicular-ann-oncol-2024/), [Shalhout 2023: what the approved oncolytic viruses actually do in practice](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-shalhout-oncolytic-progress-challenges-natrevclinonc-2023/), [Stojdl 2000: cancer cells that stopped answering interferon cannot stop a virus either](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-stojdl-vsv-interferon-defect-natmed-2000/), [Sustained progression-free survival benefit of rituximab maintenance in patients with follicular lymphoma: long-term results of the PRIMA study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-prima-final-rituximab-maintenance-follicular-jco-2019/), [Tafasitamab, lenalidomide, and rituximab in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (inMIND): a global, phase 3, randomised controlled trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-inmind-tafasitamab-lenalidomide-rituximab-follicular-lancet-2026/), [The self-experiment: a virologist treated her own recurrent breast cancer with two viruses she made in her own laboratory](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-halassy-self-experiment-ovt-vaccines-2024/), [Toca 5: a virus plus a prodrug in recurrent brain cancer, tested properly, and it did not work](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-cloughesy-toca5-glioma-jamaoncol-2020/), [Todo 2022: the triple-mutated herpes virus that became Japan's first approved oncolytic virus](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-todo-g47delta-glioblastoma-natmed-2022/), [Xia 2004: the randomised trial behind China's approval of the oncolytic adenovirus H101](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-xia-h101-head-neck-aizheng-2004/)
- ideas: [A randomised trial of a shared-antigen vaccine to prevent Lynch syndrome cancers](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-lynch-frameshift-vaccine-rct/), [A therapeutic vaccine to clear cervical precancer without surgery](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-therapeutic-hpv-vaccine-cin/), [Capture diet, fibre and antibiotic exposure in every immunotherapy pivotal trial](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-nl-diet-covariates-io-trials/), [Fixed-duration, chemotherapy-free first-line treatment for the indolent lymphomas](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-fixed-duration-chemotherapy-free-first-line/), [Give subcutaneous immunotherapy in community clinics and at home](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cost-subcutaneous-community/), [Make six-weekly immunotherapy the default schedule](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cost-extended-interval-default/), [Randomised evidence for the T-cell lymphomas, including the ones that are not in Europe or North America](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-randomised-evidence-for-the-t-cell-lymphomas/), [Run small-cell lung cancer as one platform with shared controls and subtype stratification](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-lung-small-cell-platform-with-shared-controls-and-subtypes/), [Select microsatellite stable patients for immunotherapy by a measured immune biomarker, not by how many treatments they have already failed](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-crc-mss-immunotherapy-by-biomarker-not-by-line/), [Share vials and round doses to stop throwing away expensive drug](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cost-vial-sharing-dose-rounding/), [Test one-tenth-dose immunotherapy where the full dose is unaffordable](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cost-low-dose-immunotherapy-trials/), [The drugs that cure lymphoma, and the places that do not have them](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-the-drugs-that-cure-and-the-places-without-them/)
- people: [Daniel K. Ludwig](https://onco.cc/people/daniel-ludwig/), [Gal Markel](https://onco.cc/people/gal-markel/), [Gary Middleton](https://onco.cc/people/gary-middleton/), [Herbert Irving](https://onco.cc/people/herbert-irving/), [Jacob Schachter](https://onco.cc/people/jacob-schachter/), [Jeffrey A. Bluestone](https://onco.cc/people/jeffrey-bluestone/), [Leon Black](https://onco.cc/people/leon-black/), [Michael Bloomberg](https://onco.cc/people/michael-bloomberg/), [Priscilla Chan](https://onco.cc/people/priscilla-chan/), [Sean Parker](https://onco.cc/people/sean-parker/), [Sharon Belvin](https://onco.cc/people/sharon-belvin/), [Sidney Kimmel](https://onco.cc/people/sidney-kimmel/), [Tasuku Honjo](https://onco.cc/people/tasuku-honjo/), [Yardena Samuels](https://onco.cc/people/yardena-samuels/), [Zelig Eshhar](https://onco.cc/people/zelig-eshhar/)
- trials: [FLYER](https://onco.cc/trials/flyer/), [FMT plus pembrolizumab in anti-PD-1-refractory melanoma (Pittsburgh)](https://onco.cc/trials/fmt-pd1-refractory-melanoma-pitt/), [FORTplus](https://onco.cc/trials/fortplus/), [GOYA](https://onco.cc/trials/goya/), [IELSG-19](https://onco.cc/trials/ielsg-19/), [LyMa](https://onco.cc/trials/lyma/), [MIMic-01: healthy-donor FMT plus anti-PD-1, first-line melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/mimic-01/), [Mosunetuzumab against rituximab in low tumour burden follicular lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/mosun-lbt-fl/), [Mosunetuzumab with lenalidomide in relapsed marginal zone lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/mosun-len-mzl/), [PRIMA](https://onco.cc/trials/prima-follicular/), [REMARC](https://onco.cc/trials/remarc/), [ROSEWOOD](https://onco.cc/trials/rosewood/)
- terms: [Consolidation therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/consolidation-therapy/), [Immune-mediated colitis and diarrhoea](https://onco.cc/terms/immune-colitis/), [Immune-related endocrinopathies (thyroiditis, hypophysitis)](https://onco.cc/terms/immune-endocrinopathy/), [Immune-related myocarditis](https://onco.cc/terms/myocarditis/), [Immuno-oncology (IO) and checkpoint blockade](https://onco.cc/terms/immuno-oncology/), [Immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/terms/immunotherapy-term/), [Intravesical therapy (BCG and bladder instillations)](https://onco.cc/terms/intravesical-therapy/), [Microsatellite-stable (MSS) / mismatch-repair proficient (pMMR)](https://onco.cc/terms/mss-pmmr/), [PD-L1 expression testing (22C3, SP142, SP263)](https://onco.cc/terms/pd-l1-testing/), [R-CHOP (lymphoma chemoimmunotherapy)](https://onco.cc/terms/r-chop/), [Step-up dosing (T-cell engagers)](https://onco.cc/terms/step-up-dosing/), [STK11 / KEAP1 co-mutations](https://onco.cc/terms/stk11-keap1/), [T-cell exhaustion and CAR-T persistence](https://onco.cc/terms/t-cell-exhaustion-term/)
- institutions: [Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health](https://onco.cc/institutions/arpa-h/), [Barts Cancer Institute / Barts Health NHS Trust](https://onco.cc/institutions/barts-cancer-institute/), [Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra / CIMA](https://onco.cc/institutions/cun-navarra/), [Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart](https://onco.cc/institutions/ccc-tuebingen/), [Emerson Collective](https://onco.cc/institutions/emerson-collective/), [Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)](https://onco.cc/institutions/hug-geneva/), [Ghent University Hospital / Cancer Research Institute Ghent](https://onco.cc/institutions/uz-gent/), [Henan Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/henan-cancer-hospital/), [Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre](https://onco.cc/institutions/12-de-octubre/), [Hunan Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/hunan-cancer-hospital/), [Institut Pasteur](https://onco.cc/institutions/institut-pasteur/), [IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/humanitas/), [IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/regina-elena-rome/), [Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale](https://onco.cc/institutions/pascale-naples/), [Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS](https://onco.cc/institutions/iov-veneto/), [Kyoto University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/kyoto-university-hospital/), [Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health](https://onco.cc/institutions/nyu-perlmutter/), [Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) / Ludwig Institute Lausanne](https://onco.cc/institutions/chuv-lausanne/), [Leiden University Medical Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/lumc-leiden/), [Ludwig Cancer Research](https://onco.cc/institutions/ludwig-cancer-research/), [Melanoma Research Alliance](https://onco.cc/institutions/mra/), [NCI Center for Cancer Research (intramural programme)](https://onco.cc/institutions/nci-ccr/), [Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/onj-cancer-centre/), [Oxford Cancer (Oxford University Hospitals and University of Oxford)](https://onco.cc/institutions/oxford-cancer/), [Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy](https://onco.cc/institutions/parker-institute/), [Peking University Cancer Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/pku-cancer-hospital/), [Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/rigshospitalet/), [Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital](https://onco.cc/institutions/shanghai-pulmonary-hospital/), [Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Jefferson Health](https://onco.cc/institutions/jefferson-kimmel/), [Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer](https://onco.cc/institutions/sitc/), [Stand Up To Cancer](https://onco.cc/institutions/stand-up-to-cancer/), [The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research](https://onco.cc/institutions/mark-foundation/), [Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology](https://onco.cc/institutions/tongji-hospital-wuhan/), [University Cancer Center Mainz (UCT Mainz) / Universitätsmedizin Mainz](https://onco.cc/institutions/uct-mainz/), [University Hospital Basel / Tumour Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/usb-basel/), [University Hospital Southampton / Centre for Cancer Immunology](https://onco.cc/institutions/southampton-cancer/), [University Hospital Zurich / Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich](https://onco.cc/institutions/usz-zurich/), [University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/uchicago-cancer/), [University of Florida Health Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/uf-health-cancer-center/), [UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/uva-cancer-center/), [Weizmann Institute of Science](https://onco.cc/institutions/weizmann/), [West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen](https://onco.cc/institutions/essen-wtz/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/immunotherapy.json