# iRANO (immunotherapy response in neuro-oncology)

Source: https://onco.cc/terms/irano/  
OnCo record `irano` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

iRANO adds one rule to the brain tumour response criteria for immunotherapy: growth on MRI in the first six months should be confirmed on a later scan if the patient is not clearly worse.

## Summary

Immunotherapy can cause delayed responses and treatment-induced inflammation that look like progression on brain imaging. A RANO panel (Okada and colleagues, Lancet Oncology 2015) recommended that when imaging meets RANO progression, including new lesions, within six months of starting immunotherapy, progression should be confirmed on follow-up imaging provided the patient is not significantly worse clinically. The criteria also cover corticosteroid use. RANO 2.0 later folded the confirmation idea into the main criteria.

## Fields

- Kind: Term
- Last checked: 2026-11-04
- Also known as: iRANO; immunotherapy RANO

## Sources

- Okada et al., Immunotherapy response assessment in neuro-oncology: a report of the RANO working group (Lancet Oncol 2015): https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00088-1

## Connected records

- terms: [Complete response (CR) and partial response (PR)](https://onco.cc/terms/complete-response-term/), [iRECIST (response criteria for immunotherapy trials)](https://onco.cc/terms/irecist/), [Progressive disease and radiographic progression](https://onco.cc/terms/progressive-disease/), [RANO criteria (brain tumour response)](https://onco.cc/terms/rano-criteria/)
- cancers: [Glioma & glioblastoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/glioblastoma/)
- technologies: [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [MRI](https://onco.cc/technologies/mri/)

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