# Lidocaine

Source: https://onco.cc/drugs/lidocaine/  
OnCo record `lidocaine` (Treatment). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Lidocaine is the local anaesthetic used to numb the skin and tissues before needles and biopsies, such as a bone marrow biopsy.

## Summary

The Xylocaine injection label covers local or regional anaesthesia by infiltration, peripheral nerve block and central neural techniques; viscous lidocaine labels cover topical anaesthesia of irritated or inflamed mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx. In the REVEH trial of pain relief for bone marrow biopsy (126 patients), "All patients received local anesthesia (lidocaine) before biopsy". NICE CG112 advises considering a local anaesthetic as well as a sedative for every child having a painful procedure. The Xylocaine NDA was approved on 19 November 1948.

## Fields

- Kind: Treatment
- Status: approved
- Last checked: 2026-11-11
- Also known as: lignocaine
- Tags: supportive; generic; supportive-care-gaps-2026-11
- Brand: Xylocaine
- Modality: Amide local anaesthetic (injection, topical)
- Mechanism: A local anaesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve membranes, stopping pain signals where it is applied or injected.
- Approvals: US 1948: Local or regional anaesthesia by infiltration, nerve block and central neural techniques

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine
- US label (DailyMed): Xylocaine injection: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1414bcfc-1543-4ad4-83bd-4fc444a02e92
- US label (DailyMed): lidocaine for topical mouth and pharynx use: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0050d05a-b8e9-c544-e063-6294a90a0243
- Le Du et al., Virtual reality for pain prevention in bone marrow biopsy (REVEH trial, J Med Internet Res 2023): https://doi.org/10.2196/38619
- NICE CG112: Sedation in under 19s, using sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, recommendations: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg112/chapter/Recommendations

## Connected records

- drugs: [Midazolam](https://onco.cc/drugs/midazolam/)
- technologies: [Powered bone marrow biopsy drivers (OnControl, BD Trek, OmniBone)](https://onco.cc/technologies/bone-marrow-biopsy-devices/)

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