# Expanding Horizons in Cholangiocarcinoma: Emerging Targets Beyond FGFR2 and IDH1

Source: https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-fgfr2-cholangiocarcinoma-int-j-mol-sci-2025/  
OnCo record `paper-fgfr2-cholangiocarcinoma-int-j-mol-sci-2025` (Key paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Review on FGFR2 in Biliary tract cancer, in International journal of molecular sciences (2025), one of the most cited Europe PMC records with FGFR2 in its title.

## Summary

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary tract cancer that accounts for approximately 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers. CCA is a "silent" disease that remains undetected for a long period of time, often presenting at an advanced stage with minimal treatment options and a poor prognosis. Advanced CCA remains largely inoperable, and combination gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GemCis) chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for patients affected by this disease. There is a desperate need for new therapeutic alternatives, and extensive research is ongoing to address this gap. Targeted therapies represent a rapidly expanding area of cancer treatment and are currently under active investigation in CCA. The FDA has approved the targeted therapies ivosidenib, pemigatinib, infigratinib, and futibatinib, as well as the immunotherapy durvalumab, for patients with CCA in recent years. Several other therapeutic strategies are still under investigation, targeting molecular pathways including p53/MDM2, JAK/STAT, KRAS, HER2, VEGFR, PDGFR, MET, ALK, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, BRAF, and DNA damage repair signaling. While several promising advancements have been made, further research is required to improve outcomes for patients with CCA. This review provides an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of currently approved targeted therapies in CCA, as well as those under investigation.

Indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 41226789 (DOI 10.3390/ijms262110755). Its title names FGFR2 and its text names Biliary tract cancer; PubMed types it as a review (review-article, Review). It was matched automatically to the idea "ctDNA-guided switching among FGFR inhibitors" and no figure has been checked by an editor.

## Fields

- Kind: Key paper
- Last checked: 2026-09-22
- Tags: europepmc-ingest
- Journal: International journal of molecular sciences
- Year: 2025
- DOI: 10.3390/ijms262110755
- Authors: Darman L, Kaurich Q, Hassan MS, et al.
- What it means: One of the most cited reviews Europe PMC returns for FGFR2 in Biliary tract cancer, so it is a natural first reading for anyone weighing the idea it is linked from. The record was linked automatically by title and abstract; read the abstract above and the paper itself before relying on any figure.
- Caveats: Matched by FGFR2 in the title and Biliary tract cancer in the title or abstract of the Europe PMC record; the summary reproduces the record's abstract and no figure has been verified against the full paper.; A review summarises other studies; the primary reports it cites are the evidence.

## Sources

- Int J Mol Sci 2025: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110755
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41226789/
- Europe PMC: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41226789

## Connected records

- ideas: [ctDNA-guided switching among FGFR inhibitors](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-btc-ctdna-fgfr-resistance/)

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