# FIGO Cancer Report 2021: diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease

Source: https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-figo-cancer-report-gestational-trophoblastic-disease-ijgo-2021/  
OnCo record `paper-figo-cancer-report-gestational-trophoblastic-disease-ijgo-2021` (Key paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

The FIGO review of trophoblastic disease from molar pregnancy to choriocarcinoma and the rare placental-site and epithelioid tumours: hCG surveillance, the risk score, single-agent or EMA/CO chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy for resistant disease.

## Summary

FIGO Cancer Report chapter covering hydatidiform mole and its follow-up, the FIGO 2000 staging and scoring of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, single-agent therapy for low-risk and EMA/CO for high-risk disease, induction etoposide-cisplatin for ultra-high-risk disease, salvage regimens, the role of hysterectomy and metastasectomy, management of placental-site and epithelioid trophoblastic tumours, immunotherapy for resistant disease, and follow-up and future pregnancy.

## Fields

- Kind: Key paper
- Last checked: 2026-09-18
- Journal: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Year: 2021
- DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13877
- Authors: Ngan HYS, Seckl MJ, Berkowitz RS, et al.
- What it means: The standard-of-care rows on all three trophoblastic pages follow this report and the national centres it describes.
- Caveats: Evidence in this rare disease is mostly from specialist centre series rather than randomised trials.; Updated periodically; check the current FIGO report.

## Sources

- Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13877
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34669197/

## Connected records

- cancers: [High-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 7 or more, including ultra-high-risk)](https://onco.cc/cancers/high-risk-gtn/), [Placental-site trophoblastic tumour and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/placental-site-trophoblastic-tumour/)
- drugs: [Cisplatin](https://onco.cc/drugs/cisplatin/), [Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)](https://onco.cc/drugs/dactinomycin/), [Etoposide](https://onco.cc/drugs/etoposide/), [Methotrexate](https://onco.cc/drugs/methotrexate/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/)

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