# Interfant-06: outcome of infants under one year with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Source: https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-interfant-06-pieters-jco-2019/  
OnCo record `paper-interfant-06-pieters-jco-2019` (Key paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

This international trial of infant leukaemia found no benefit from adding myeloid-style chemotherapy courses, and confirmed that KMT2A-rearranged infants remain a high-risk group with survival under 50 percent, setting the baseline that blinatumomab has since improved.

## Summary

International trial of 651 infants with ALL treated on the Interfant backbone, with 240 medium- and high-risk KMT2A-rearranged infants randomised to standard lymphoid-style consolidation or myeloid-style (ADE and MAE) courses; allogeneic transplant was indicated for high-risk patients.

Six-year event-free survival was 46.1 percent overall; there was no difference between consolidation arms (39.3 versus 37.2 percent), and KMT2A-rearranged infants had 36 percent event-free survival against 74 percent for germline KMT2A.

## Fields

- Kind: Key paper
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology
- Year: 2019
- DOI: 10.1200/JCO.19.00261
- Authors: Pieters R, De Lorenzo P, Ancliffe P, et al.
- Findings: Six-year event-free survival 46.1 percent overall; 36 percent for KMT2A-rearranged infants.; No benefit from myeloid-style consolidation (39.3 percent vs 37.2 percent).
- What it means: Interfant-06 is the backbone and control benchmark for infant ALL; the successor Interfant-21 adds blinatumomab after this trial showed chemotherapy intensification had reached its limit.
- Caveats: Toxicity-related deaths remained substantial in infants.

## Sources

- J Clin Oncol 2019: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.00261
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31283407/

## Connected records

- cancers: [Infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (KMT2A-rearranged, under one year)](https://onco.cc/cancers/all-infant/)
- trials: [Interfant-06](https://onco.cc/trials/interfant-06/)
- journals: [Journal of Clinical Oncology](https://onco.cc/journals/jco/)

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