# Kadish staging: olfactory neuroblastoma, a clinical analysis of 17 cases

Source: https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-kadish-olfactory-neuroblastoma-staging-cancer-1976/  
OnCo record `paper-kadish-olfactory-neuroblastoma-staging-cancer-1976` (Key paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

A Boston series of seventeen patients that proposed the three-stage system, based on whether the tumour is confined to the nose, involves the sinuses or has spread beyond them, still used to stage esthesioneuroblastoma today.

## Summary

Clinical analysis of 17 patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma) treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital, proposing stages A (tumour confined to the nasal cavity), B (nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses) and C (extension beyond the nasal cavity and sinuses), and reporting outcomes with surgery and radiotherapy.

The Kadish system, later modified with a stage D for nodal or distant metastasis, remains the most widely used staging scheme for this tumour.

## Fields

- Kind: Key paper
- Last checked: 2026-09-18
- Journal: Cancer
- Year: 1976
- DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(197603)37:3<1571::AID-CNCR2820370347>3.0.CO;2-L
- Authors: Kadish S, Goodman M, Wang CC.
- Findings: Three-stage system (A, B, C) by anatomical extent, with survival falling with stage.
- What it means: The stage on an esthesioneuroblastoma page or pathology report is almost always a Kadish stage, and treatment intensity follows it.
- Caveats: Seventeen patients from a single institution half a century ago.; Does not incorporate Hyams histological grade, which is independently prognostic.

## Sources

- Cancer 1976: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(197603)37:3<1571::AID-CNCR2820370347>3.0.CO;2-L
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1260676/

## Connected records

- cancers: [Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/esthesioneuroblastoma/)
- journals: [Cancer](https://onco.cc/journals/cancer-wiley/)

---
JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/paper-kadish-olfactory-neuroblastoma-staging-cancer-1976.json