# Personalized and Tumor Informed Circulating Tumor DNA Assay for Molecular Residual Disease Monitoring of Solid Malignancies

Source: https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-liu-geneplus-personalised-mrd-medcomm-2025/  
OnCo record `paper-liu-geneplus-personalised-mrd-medcomm-2025` (Key paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Geneplus' personalised blood test found relapse months before scans in bowel, breast and lung cancer, and the mutations shared by every tumour cell were the most informative.

## Summary

The assay profiles the tumour with a comprehensive genomic panel, selects up to 20 top-ranked variants for a personalised panel and integrates it with a tumour-naive cancer-type fixed panel for ultra-deep plasma sequencing. Its sample-level limit of detection reaches as low as 0.005 per cent with 100 per cent specificity. In colorectal, breast and lung cancer it predicted postoperative recurrence before imaging by a median of 112 days in breast and 83 days in lung cancer. Among tracked variants, clonal mutations showed more prognostic value than subclonal ones.

## Fields

- Kind: Key paper
- Last checked: 2026-11-04
- Journal: MedComm
- Year: 2025
- DOI: 10.1002/mco2.70483
- Authors: Liu L, Liang W, Cao W, et al.
- Findings: Sample-level limit of detection 0.005%, specificity 100%.; Lead time 112 days (breast), 83 days (lung).; Clonal variants more prognostic than subclonal.
- What it means: Subclonal variants are seen less often in residual disease than clonal ones, which is what limits attributing what is left to a subclone.
- Caveats: Company co-authored.

## Sources

- Liu et al., MedComm 2025: https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70483
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41346570/

## Connected records

- cancers: [Breast cancer (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/breast-cancer/), [Colorectal cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/colorectal/), [Non-small-cell lung cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/nsclc/)
- fronts: [Diagnostics & Biomarkers](https://onco.cc/fronts/diagnostics/)
- technologies: [MRD / molecular residual disease testing](https://onco.cc/technologies/mrd-testing/)
- drugs: [Geneplus personalised MRD assay](https://onco.cc/drugs/geneplus-personalised-mrd/)
- companies: [Geneplus-Beijing](https://onco.cc/companies/geneplus/)
- terms: [Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA)](https://onco.cc/terms/ctdna/), [Minimal / molecular residual disease (MRD)](https://onco.cc/terms/mrd/), [Tumour-informed versus tumour-naive ctDNA assays](https://onco.cc/terms/tumour-informed-assay/)
- bottlenecks: [Naming which clone or phenotype is left after treatment](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-subclone-attribution-residual-disease/)

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