# RADIANT-3: everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours

Source: https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-radiant-3-everolimus-pnet-yao-nejm-2011/  
OnCo record `paper-radiant-3-everolimus-pnet-yao-nejm-2011` (Key paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

The mTOR inhibitor everolimus more than doubled the time to progression in advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, becoming one of the first two targeted drugs approved for the disease in 2011.

## Summary

Phase 3 placebo-controlled trial of 410 patients with advanced, low- or intermediate-grade, progressive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours randomised to everolimus 10 mg daily or placebo.

Median progression-free survival was 11.0 versus 4.6 months (hazard ratio 0.35), with stomatitis, rash, diarrhoea and hyperglycaemia as the characteristic toxicities; overall survival was similar because of crossover.

## Fields

- Kind: Key paper
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
- Year: 2011
- DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009290
- Authors: Yao JC, Shah MH, Ito T, et al.
- Findings: Median progression-free survival 11.0 vs 4.6 months; hazard ratio 0.35.; Objective response 5 percent; benefit was disease stabilisation.
- What it means: Everolimus is a standard option for progressive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, alongside sunitinib, chemotherapy and radioligand therapy.
- Caveats: Crossover obscured any survival benefit.; Hyperglycaemia is a particular concern in this population.

## Sources

- N Engl J Med 2011: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1009290
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21306238/

## Connected records

- cancers: [Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours](https://onco.cc/cancers/pancreatic-net/)
- drugs: [Everolimus](https://onco.cc/drugs/everolimus/)
- journals: [New England Journal of Medicine](https://onco.cc/journals/nejm/)

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