# SIOP CNS GCT 96: outcomes for children and adults with intracranial germinoma treated with radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus reduced radiotherapy

Source: https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-siop-cns-gct-96-calaminus-neuro-oncology-2013/  
OnCo record `paper-siop-cns-gct-96-calaminus-neuro-oncology-2013` (Key paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

This large European trial showed that localised intracranial germinoma can be cured in almost every patient either with craniospinal radiotherapy or with chemotherapy followed by smaller-field radiotherapy, but that the reduced field must cover the ventricles to avoid relapse.

## Summary

Prospective non-randomised trial of 235 patients with intracranial germinoma treated by choice with craniospinal irradiation (24 Gy plus boost) or two cycles of carboplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide followed by focal radiotherapy (40 Gy); metastatic disease received craniospinal irradiation.

Five-year event-free survival was 97 percent with craniospinal irradiation and 88 percent with the combined approach; relapses after focal radiotherapy occurred mainly in the ventricles, prompting whole-ventricular irradiation in the successor trial.

## Fields

- Kind: Key paper
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Journal: Neuro-Oncology
- Year: 2013
- DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not019
- Authors: Calaminus G, Kortmann R, Worch J, et al.
- Findings: Five-year event-free survival 97 percent with craniospinal irradiation vs 88 percent with chemotherapy and focal radiotherapy.; Ventricular relapses after focal fields led to adoption of whole-ventricular irradiation.
- What it means: Chemotherapy followed by whole-ventricular irradiation with a tumour boost, rather than craniospinal irradiation, is the standard for localised germinoma, sparing children the neurocognitive and endocrine cost of wider fields.
- Caveats: Treatment was allocated by institutional preference rather than randomisation.

## Sources

- Neuro Oncol 2013: https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/not019
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23460321/

## Connected records

- cancers: [Central nervous system germ cell tumours (germinoma and non-germinomatous)](https://onco.cc/cancers/cns-germ-cell-tumours/)
- journals: [Neuro-Oncology](https://onco.cc/journals/neuro-oncology/)

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