# Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2 and isotretinoin for high-risk neuroblastoma (COG ANBL0032)

Source: https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-yu-anti-gd2-neuroblastoma-nejm-2010/  
OnCo record `paper-yu-anti-gd2-neuroblastoma-nejm-2010` (Key paper). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Adding the anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18 with cytokines to isotretinoin after transplant improved two-year event-free survival in high-risk neuroblastoma from 46 to 66 percent, making immunotherapy a standard part of treatment.

## Summary

Phase 3 trial of 226 children with high-risk neuroblastoma who had responded to induction and autologous transplant, randomised to isotretinoin alone or with five cycles of ch14.18 (dinutuximab) plus GM-CSF and interleukin-2.

Two-year event-free survival was 66 versus 46 percent and overall survival 86 versus 75 percent; pain, capillary leak and hypersensitivity were the main toxicities. Later follow-up confirmed the benefit.

## Fields

- Kind: Key paper
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
- Year: 2010
- DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0911123
- Authors: Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, et al.
- Findings: Two-year event-free survival 66 percent vs 46 percent.; Two-year overall survival 86 percent vs 75 percent.
- What it means: Anti-GD2 immunotherapy after consolidation is standard for high-risk neuroblastoma worldwide; interleukin-2 was later dropped after the SIOPEN trial showed no added benefit.
- Caveats: Trial stopped early at interim analysis.; Neuropathic pain and capillary leak syndrome are substantial toxicities.

## Sources

- N Engl J Med 2010: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0911123
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20879881/

## Connected records

- cancers: [High-risk neuroblastoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/neuroblastoma-high-risk/)
- journals: [New England Journal of Medicine](https://onco.cc/journals/nejm/)

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