# RTOG 92-02

Source: https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-9202/  
OnCo record `rtog-9202` (Trial). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Two extra years of hormone therapy after radiotherapy improved every measure of cancer control, but only men with the most aggressive tumours lived longer for it.

## Summary

RTOG 92-02 entered 1,554 men with T2c to T4 prostate cancer, no extrapelvic nodes and a PSA below 150. All received 4 months of goserelin and flutamide before and during radiotherapy of 45 Gy to the pelvic nodes and 65 to 70 Gy to the prostate, and were then randomised to no further androgen deprivation or to 24 further months of goserelin. Median follow-up of survivors was 11.3 years.

At 10 years the long-course arm was better on every endpoint except overall survival: disease-free survival 22.5 against 13.2 percent (p<0.0001), disease-specific survival 88.7 against 83.9 percent (p=0.0042), local progression 12.3 against 22.2 percent (p<0.0001), distant metastasis 14.8 against 22.8 percent (p<0.0001) and biochemical failure 51.9 against 68.1 percent (p at most 0.0001). Overall survival was 53.9 against 51.6 percent, p=0.36.

The exception was the prespecified subgroup with Gleason 8 to 10 tumours, where overall survival was 45.1 percent with long-course against 31.9 percent with short-course treatment (p=0.0061). That subgroup is why long-course androgen deprivation became the standard for the highest-grade localised disease, and why men with Gleason 7 disease are more often offered a shorter course.

## Fields

- Kind: Trial
- Status: mixed
- Last checked: 2026-09-25
- Also known as: RTOG 9202; RTOG 92-02
- Phase: 3
- Setting: T2c to T4 prostate cancer without extrapelvic nodes and PSA below 150: everyone had 4 months of goserelin and flutamide before and during radiotherapy, then randomised to nothing further or to 24 further months of goserelin, reported at 10 years
- Sponsor: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, now NRG Oncology, funded by the National Cancer Institute
- Enrolled: 1554
- Result: At 10 years, 24 extra months of goserelin improved disease-free survival (22.5 against 13.2 percent), disease-specific survival (88.7 against 83.9 percent) and distant metastasis (14.8 against 22.8 percent) but not overall survival (53.9 against 51.6 percent, p=0.36); in Gleason 8 to 10 disease overall survival was 45.1 against 31.9 percent (p=0.0061).
- Outcomes: Overall survival at 10 years, all patients: Long-course androgen deprivation, 28 months total 53.9% vs Short-course androgen deprivation, 4 months 51.6%; Overall survival at 10 years, Gleason 8 to 10: Long-course androgen deprivation, 28 months total 45.1% vs Short-course androgen deprivation, 4 months 31.9%; Distant metastasis at 10 years: Long-course androgen deprivation, 28 months total 14.8% vs Short-course androgen deprivation, 4 months 22.8%
- Replication: EORTC 22961 and DART 01/05 GICOR reached the same conclusion about duration; RTOG 9408 showed the separate point that 4 months added to radiotherapy helps intermediate-risk but not low-risk men.

## Sources

- RTOG 92-02 at 10 years (Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008): https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.14.9021

## Connected records

- cancers: [Localised prostate cancer, high and very high risk](https://onco.cc/cancers/prostate-high-risk/), [Prostate cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/prostate/)
- technologies: [Androgen deprivation & AR pathway inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/androgen-deprivation/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/)
- drugs: [Flutamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/flutamide/), [Goserelin / leuprolide (ovarian function suppression)](https://onco.cc/drugs/goserelin/)
- companies: [NRG Oncology](https://onco.cc/companies/nrg-oncology/)
- terms: [Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)](https://onco.cc/terms/adt/), [Gleason score / Grade Group](https://onco.cc/terms/gleason-grade-group/), [Hormone therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/hormone-therapy/), [What androgen deprivation costs: the side of hormone therapy the survival curves do not show](https://onco.cc/terms/prostate-adt-burden/)
- trials: [DART 01/05 GICOR](https://onco.cc/trials/dart-01-05-gicor/), [EORTC 22863](https://onco.cc/trials/eortc-22863/), [EORTC 22961](https://onco.cc/trials/eortc-22961/), [RTOG 94-08](https://onco.cc/trials/rtog-9408/)

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