# STAT1

Source: https://onco.cc/targets/stat1/  
OnCo record `stat1` (Target). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

STAT1 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta) is a protein that switches other genes on and off. The public catalogues list it as a drug target and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Ovarian cancer and Melanoma.

## Summary

Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signalling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerise and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus.

CIViC holds 2 clinical evidence items and 0 assertions across 2 variants, naming Cisplatin and Picoplatin. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.56 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.99, affected pathway 0.87, animal model 0.54, genetic association 0.03).

## Fields

- Kind: Target
- Last checked: 2026-09-23
- Also known as: signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta; STAT91; ISGF-3
- Tags: cancer-genes-wave
- Symbol: STAT1
- Class: transcription
- Biology: Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signalling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerise and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which drive the cell in an antiviral state. In response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma), STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated. It then forms a homodimer termed IFN-gamma-activated factor (GAF), migrates into the nucleus and binds to the IFN gamma activated sequence (GAS) to drive the expression of the target genes, inducing a cellular antiviral state. Location: Cytoplasm; Nucleus (UniProt). Locus 2q32.2 (HGNC).
- Where found: Ovarian cancer: CIViC evidence names this disease; Melanoma: CIViC evidence names this disease

## Notes

- Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 2 therapies; CIViC holds 2 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier "clinical-evidence" is the strongest of those signals.
- Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.

## Sources

- HGNC HGNC:11362: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:11362
- UniProt P42224: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P42224/entry
- NCBI Gene 6772: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6772
- Ensembl ENSG00000115415: https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000115415

## Connected records

- collections: [CIViC](https://onco.cc/collections/civic/), [Open Targets Platform](https://onco.cc/collections/open-targets/)
- cancers: [Melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/melanoma/), [Ovarian cancer](https://onco.cc/cancers/ovarian/)
- pathways: [Antigen presentation & immune editing](https://onco.cc/pathways/antigen-presentation-immunoediting/), [JAK-STAT signalling](https://onco.cc/pathways/jak-stat/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/stat1.json