{"entity":{"id":"1993","kind":"year","name":"1993 in oncology","aka":["1993"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 1993: 43 entries, 21 landmarks, 6 companies founded, 5 papers and 5 papers listed on people's pages. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"43 dated entries in OnCo fall in 1993: 21 landmarks, 6 companies founded, 5 papers, 5 papers listed on people's pages, 4 approvals, 1 journal founded and 1 trial reported.\n\nOf those, 43 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["1992","1994"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":1993,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Cladribine approved in US","note":"Active hairy cell leukaemia","from":"cladribine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Epoetin alfa approved in US","note":"Anaemia due to concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy in non-myeloid malignancies","from":"epoetin-alfa","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Granisetron approved in US","note":"Prevention of nausea and vomiting from emetogenic chemotherapy (Kytril; radiotherapy later)","from":"granisetron","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Megestrol acetate approved in US","note":"Anorexia, cachexia or unexplained weight loss in AIDS (oral suspension)","from":"megestrol","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Agennix founded","note":"Princeton, NJ","from":"agennix","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"AGO Study Group founded","note":"Wiesbaden","from":"ago-study-group","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"ARCAGY-GINECO founded","note":"Paris","from":"arcagy-gineco","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"FibroGen founded","note":"San Francisco, California, United States","from":"fibrogen","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Hetero Drugs founded","note":"Hyderabad","from":"hetero","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Syngene International founded","note":"Bengaluru","from":"syngene","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Carboplatin-vincristine established for progressive childhood low-grade glioma","note":"Paediatric low-grade glioma. Packer and colleagues show chemotherapy can defer radiotherapy in young children.","from":"paediatric-low-grade-glioma","refs":["carboplatin","vincristine"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"CHOP proves equal to more intensive regimens; IPI published","note":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","from":"dlbcl","refs":["ipi-score"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"H. pylori eradication induces regression of gastric MALT lymphoma (Wotherspoon)","note":"Marginal zone lymphoma","from":"marginal-zone-lymphoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"KIT D816V identified in mastocytosis","note":"Systemic mastocytosis. Nagata and colleagues (1995) confirm the activating mutation in most patients.","from":"systemic-mastocytosis","refs":["kit"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Mayo Clinic begins neoadjuvant chemoradiation and transplant for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma","note":"Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)","from":"cholangiocarcinoma","refs":["liver-transplant-oncology"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"MDM2 amplification found in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma","note":"Liposarcoma","from":"liposarcoma","refs":["mdm2"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair genes discovered in Lynch syndrome colorectal cancer","note":"Mismatch repair deficient (MSI-high) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","from":"msi-high-pdac","refs":["msi","lynch-syndrome","bert-vogelstein"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Microsatellite instability discovered in colorectal cancer and linked to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer","note":"Mismatch-repair deficient (MSI-high) colorectal cancer","from":"msi-high-colorectal","refs":["msi","lynch-syndrome"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"NF2 gene cloned","note":"Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma). Trofatter and Rouleau identify the merlin tumour suppressor on chromosome 22.","from":"vestibular-schwannoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"NF2 gene identified on chromosome 22","note":"Meningioma. Trofatter and Rouleau clone the gene whose loss drives most meningiomas and schwannomas.","from":"meningioma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"NSABP B-17: radiotherapy after lumpectomy for DCIS","note":"Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Halves local recurrence; no survival difference.","from":"ductal-carcinoma-in-situ","refs":["lumpectomy"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"PAX3-FOXO1 fusion identified (Galili, Barr)","note":"Rhabdomyosarcoma","from":"rhabdomyosarcoma","refs":["gene-fusion"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Polypectomy prevents cancer, and screening prevents death","note":"Colorectal cancer. The National Polyp Study found 76 to 90 percent fewer cancers than expected in 1,418 patients whose adenomas were removed; in the same year the Minnesota trial s...","from":"colorectal","refs":["adenoma-carcinoma-sequence","colonoscopy","colorectal-screening"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Randomised trial confirms autologous transplantation improves outcomes in relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma","note":"Relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma","from":"relapsed-refractory-hodgkin-lymphoma","refs":["autologous-stem-cell-transplant"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"RET mutations cause MEN2A","note":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN1, MEN2, MEN4). Mulligan and colleagues, Nature; Donis-Keller and colleagues.","from":"multiple-endocrine-neoplasia","refs":["ret"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"RET mutations found to cause MEN2","note":"Medullary thyroid cancer","from":"medullary-thyroid-cancer","refs":["ret"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"RET mutations identified in MEN2; VHL gene cloned","note":"Hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (SDHx, VHL, RET, NF1, MAX and TMEM127)","from":"hereditary-ppgl","refs":["ret","hereditary-cancer-syndromes"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Stool blood testing cuts bowel cancer deaths","note":"Colorectal cancer. Nottingham (1996, 152,850 people, 15 percent reduction) and Funen (1996, 18 percent) follow the Minnesota result and build the case for national programmes.","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-minnesota-fobt-nejm-1993","paper-hardcastle-nottingham-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996","paper-kronborg-funen-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996"]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"VHL gene identified","note":"Clear cell renal cell carcinoma","from":"clear-cell-rcc","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"VHL gene identified","note":"Spinal cord tumours (intramedullary and intradural). Haemangioblastoma of the cord and cerebellum recognised as a hallmark of the syndrome.","from":"spinal-cord-tumours","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"VHL gene identified; the molecular basis of clear-cell RCC","note":"Renal cell carcinoma","from":"rcc","refs":["hif2a"]},{"group":"journal","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Supportive care in cancer founded","note":"Springer Nature","from":"supportive-care-in-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Aaronson 1993: the EORTC QLQ-C30 quality of life questionnaire","note":"Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, et al. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.","from":"paper-aaronson-eortc-qlq-c30-jnci-1993","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Cella 1993: the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G) quality of life scale","note":"Cella DF, Tulsky DS, Gray G, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-cella-fact-g-jco-1993","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"El-Deiry 1993: WAF1, the gene through which p53 stops cell division","note":"El-Deiry WS, Tokino T, Velculescu VE, et al. Cell.","from":"paper-el-deiry-waf1-p21-cell-1993","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Minnesota trial: a yearly stool blood test cuts bowel cancer deaths by a third","note":"Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-minnesota-fobt-nejm-1993","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Regression of primary low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma after eradication of Helicobacter pylori","note":"Wotherspoon AC, Doglioni C, Diss TC, et al. The Lancet.","from":"paper-wotherspoon-h-pylori-malt-lancet-1993","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity","note":"The Lancet","from":"r-r-w-j-van-der-hulst","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Head and neck cancer","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"everett-vokes","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Specific activation and targeting of cytotoxic lymphocytes through chimeric single chains consisting of antibody-binding domains and the gamma or zeta subunits...","note":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","from":"zelig-eshhar","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Survival Trees by Goodness of Split","note":"Journal of the American Statistical Association","from":"michael-leblanc","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia -- 30 Years' Experience at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"donald-pinkel","refs":[]},{"group":"trial","date":"1993","precision":"year","title":"Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study reported","note":"Thirteen-year colorectal cancer mortality 5.88 per 1,000 with annual screening against 8.83 in controls, a 33 percent reduction.","from":"minnesota-fob","refs":["colorectal"]}]},"route":"/years/1993/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"1992","kind":"year","name":"1992 in oncology","route":"/years/1992/"},{"id":"1994","kind":"year","name":"1994 in oncology","route":"/years/1994/"}]}}