{"entity":{"id":"1994","kind":"year","name":"1994 in oncology","aka":["1994"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 1994: 50 entries, 15 landmarks, 8 journals founded, 7 papers listed on people's pages and 6 companies founded. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"50 dated entries in OnCo fall in 1994: 15 landmarks, 8 journals founded, 7 papers listed on people's pages, 6 companies founded, 4 approvals, 4 papers, 4 technologies, 1 law or regulation and 1 regulatory event.\n\nOf those, 1 to the day and 49 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["1993","1995"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":1994,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Asparaginase (pegaspargase, calaspargase pegol, Erwinia asparaginase) approved in US","note":"ALL (pegaspargase, hypersensitivity to native); first line 2006","from":"asparaginase","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Fludeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG) approved in US","note":"First FDG NDA (neurology and cardiology indications)","from":"fludeoxyglucose-f18","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Pilocarpine approved in US","note":"Dry mouth caused by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer","from":"pilocarpine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Vinorelbine approved in US","note":"Advanced NSCLC as single agent or with cisplatin","from":"vinorelbine","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Can-Fite BioPharma founded","note":"Petah Tikva","from":"can-fite","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"CSL Limited founded","note":"Melbourne","from":"csl","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Deerfield Management founded","note":"New York, NY","from":"deerfield-management","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM) founded","note":"Paris","from":"ifm","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Medigene founded","note":"Planegg","from":"medigene","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development founded","note":"Shanghai","from":"shanghai-fosun-pharmaceutical-industrial-development","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"111In-octreotide scintigraphy (OctreoScan) approved","note":"Neuroendocrine tumours. First SSTR imaging; later replaced by PET.","from":"neuroendocrine","refs":["sstr-pet"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"ALK fusion in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma","note":"Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma). NPM-ALK identified by Morris et al.; ALK-positive ALCL becomes the good-prognosis PTCL.","from":"peripheral-t-cell-lymphoma","refs":["alk"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"BRCA1 cloned; hereditary ovarian cancer explained","note":"Ovarian cancer. BRCA2 in 1995; germline testing enters clinical practice over the next decade.","from":"ovarian","refs":["brca"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"BRCA1 identified; BRCA2 follows in 1995 and is linked to pancreatic cancer risk","note":"BRCA or PALB2-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","from":"brca-palb2-pdac","refs":["brca"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Dargent describes radical vaginal trachelectomy for fertility preservation","note":"Early cervical cancer and fertility-sparing surgery","from":"early-cervical-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Donor-derived EBV-specific T cells prevent and treat PTLD","note":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Rooney, Heslop and colleagues (Lancet 1995) after stem cell transplant.","from":"post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder","refs":["allogeneic-cell-therapy"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Doxorubicin-ifosfamide becomes the reference first-line regimen for soft-tissue sarcoma","note":"Leiomyosarcoma","from":"leiomyosarcoma","refs":["doxorubicin","ifosfamide"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Dynamic sentinel node biopsy for penile cancer","note":"Penile cancer. Horenblas and colleagues (Netherlands Cancer Institute) introduce lymphatic mapping.","from":"penile","refs":["sentinel-node"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Dynamic sentinel node biopsy for penile cancer introduced in Amsterdam","note":"Localised penile cancer (organ-confined, node-negative)","from":"localised-penile-cancer","refs":["sentinel-node"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Intestinal and pancreatobiliary subtypes described","note":"Ampullary cancer (ampulla of Vater). Kimura and colleagues link histological type to prognosis.","from":"ampullary","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"KSHV/HHV-8 discovered (Chang and Moore, Science)","note":"Kaposi sarcoma","from":"kaposi-sarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Neutron therapy trial (RTOG-MRC) in unresectable salivary cancer","note":"Salivary gland cancers","from":"salivary-gland","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"PSA approved for early detection in the United States","note":"Localised prostate cancer, very low and low risk","from":"prostate-low-risk","refs":["psa"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"REAL classification separates nodular lymphocyte-predominant from classical Hodgkin lymphoma","note":"Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (nodular lymphocyte-predominant B-cell lymphoma)","from":"nodular-lymphocyte-predominant-hodgkin-lymphoma","refs":["lymphoma-type"]},{"group":"history","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"SS18-SSX fusion identified","note":"Synovial sarcoma","from":"synovial-sarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Annals of surgical oncology founded","note":"Springer","from":"annals-of-surgical-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Breast cancer founded","note":"Springer","from":"breast-cancer-jbcs","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Cancer control founded","note":"SAGE Publishing","from":"cancer-control","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Cancer gene therapy founded","note":"Springer Nature","from":"cancer-gene-therapy","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Current oncology founded","note":"MDPI","from":"current-oncology-mdpi","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Endocrine-related cancer founded","note":"Bioscientifica","from":"endocrine-related-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Medical oncology founded","note":"Springer (Springer Nature)","from":"medical-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Oncology reports founded","note":"Spandidos Publications","from":"oncology-reports","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"TRIPS Agreement and the Doha Declaration","note":"International, treaty.","from":"trips-doha","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice","note":"Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, et al. Nature.","from":"paper-lapidot-nature","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Darnell, Kerr and Stark 1994: JAK-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation by interferons","note":"Darnell JE Jr, Kerr IM, Stark GR. Science.","from":"paper-darnell-jak-stat-science-1994","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Identification of SYT and SSX, the genes fused by the t(X;18) translocation in synovial sarcoma","note":"Clark J, Rocques PJ, Crew AJ, et al. Nature Genetics.","from":"paper-clark-syt-ssx-synovial-sarcoma-nat-genet-1994","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Nonlinear dynamics of immunogenic tumors: parameter estimation and global bifurcation analysis","note":"Kuznetsov VA, Makalkin IA, Taylor MA, et al. Bulletin of mathematical biology.","from":"paper-kuznetsov-bull-math-biol","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Cancer registration in Madras Metropolitan Tumour Registry, India","note":"European Journal of Cancer","from":"shanta-v","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Confirmation of BRCA1 by analysis of germline mutations linked to breast and ovarian cancer in ten families","note":"Nature Genetics","from":"mary-claire-king","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"DNA Strand Breaks: the DNA Template Alterations That Trigger p53-Dependent DNA Damage Response Pathways","note":"Molecular and Cellular Biology","from":"william-nelson","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Familial melanoma and p16 — a hung jury","note":"Nature Genetics","from":"brandon-wainwright","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Interaction of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 capsid proteins with HPV DNA requires an intact L2 N-terminal sequence","note":"Journal of Virology","from":"jian-zhou","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer","note":"Annals of Surgery","from":"armando-giuliano","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Prolonged circulation time and enhanced accumulation in malignant exudates of doxorubicin encapsulated in polyethylene-glycol coated liposomes","note":"Cancer Research","from":"alberto-gabizon","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Carbon-ion synchrotrons and facilities","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"carbon-ion-synchrotrons","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"cyberknife","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Intraoperative MRI and CT","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"intraoperative-mri-ct","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1994","precision":"year","title":"Tumour-immune dynamics models","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"immune-tumour-dynamics-models","refs":[]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"1994-04-13","precision":"day","title":"Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel: approval (US)","note":"Metastatic breast cancer","from":"paclitaxel","refs":[]}]},"route":"/years/1994/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"1993","kind":"year","name":"1993 in oncology","route":"/years/1993/"},{"id":"1995","kind":"year","name":"1995 in oncology","route":"/years/1995/"}]}}