{"entity":{"id":"1995","kind":"year","name":"1995 in oncology","aka":["1995"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 1995: 50 entries, 12 landmarks, 10 approvals, 7 journals founded and 6 papers. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"50 dated entries in OnCo fall in 1995: 12 landmarks, 10 approvals, 7 journals founded, 6 papers, 5 companies founded, 5 papers listed on people's pages and 5 technologies.\n\nOf those, 50 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["1994","1996"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":1995,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Amifostine approved in US","note":"Reduction of cumulative cisplatin renal toxicity in advanced ovarian cancer","from":"amifostine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Anastrozole approved in US","note":"Advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women after tamoxifen","from":"anastrozole","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Bicalutamide approved in EU","note":"Advanced prostate cancer; 150 mg for locally advanced","from":"bicalutamide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Bicalutamide approved in US","note":"Metastatic prostate cancer with LHRH analogue","from":"bicalutamide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Dexrazoxane approved in US","note":"Reduction of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in women with metastatic breast cancer after 300 mg/m2 cumulative dose (Zinecard)","from":"dexrazoxane","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Interferon alfa-2a/2b approved in US","note":"Adjuvant high-risk melanoma (high-dose)","from":"interferon-alfa","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Pamidronate approved in US","note":"Osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer and osteolytic lesions of multiple myeloma, with antineoplastic therapy","from":"pamidronate","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin approved in US","note":"AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma after prior chemotherapy (Doxil, NDA 050718)","from":"pegylated-liposomal-doxorubicin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Porfimer sodium approved in US","note":"Palliation of completely or partially obstructing oesophageal cancer; later endobronchial NSCLC and Barrett's high-grade dysplasia","from":"porfimer-sodium","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA) approved in US","note":"Induction of remission in APL (t(15;17)/PML-RARA)","from":"tretinoin-atra","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"AIDS Malignancy Consortium founded","note":"United States (seat not stated)","from":"aids-malignancy-consortium","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group founded","note":"Madrid","from":"geicam","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"GlobeImmune founded","note":"Louisville, Colorado","from":"globeimmune","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Hansoh Pharmaceutical founded","note":"Lianyungang, Jiangsu","from":"hansoh-pharma","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"SOLTI Cancer Research Group founded","note":"Barcelona","from":"solti","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"BRCA2 linked to male breast cancer","note":"Male breast cancer. Wooster and colleagues identify BRCA2; male breast cancer is one of its hallmark phenotypes.","from":"male-breast-cancer","refs":["brca"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Castration resistance is shown to be an adaptation, not an escape","note":"Prostate cancer. Visakorpi found androgen receptor gene amplification in 7 of 23 tumours recurring on androgen deprivation and in none of the pre-treatment samples from the same me...","from":"prostate","refs":["paper-visakorpi-androgen-receptor-amplification-nat-genet-1995","paper-chen-androgen-receptor-overexpression-antiandrogen-resistance-nat-med-2004"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Chemotherapy is shown to help, a little","note":"Lung cancer (all types). 9,387 patients from 52 randomised trials: a 27 percent reduction in the risk of death when chemotherapy was added to supportive care, and 5 percent absolut...","from":"lung-cancer","refs":["paper-nsclc-collaborative-group-chemotherapy-meta-analysis-bmj-1995"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"How a repair defect becomes a cancer","note":"Colorectal cancer. TGFBR2, the growth brake, is destroyed by slippage in a short repeat in mismatch repair deficient colon cancer lines.","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-markowitz-tgfbr2-inactivation-msi-colon-science-1995","tgfbr2"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"KIT D816V identified as the driver mutation","note":"Indolent and smouldering systemic mastocytosis","from":"indolent-systemic-mastocytosis","refs":["kit"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Liposomal doxorubicin approved for AIDS-KS","note":"Kaposi sarcoma","from":"kaposi-sarcoma","refs":["pegylated-liposomal-doxorubicin"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Lung Cancer Study Group: lobectomy beats limited resection, setting the standard for 30 years","note":"Resectable stage I to III non-small-cell lung cancer","from":"resectable-nsclc","refs":["lobectomy"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Oligometastasis proposed","note":"Metastatic cancer (cancer that has spread). Hellman and Weichselbaum argue that some patients have a limited metastatic state that local treatment could control, the idea SABR-COME...","from":"metastatic-cancer","refs":["sbrt"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Sugarbaker describes peritonectomy procedures and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy","note":"Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and pseudomyxoma peritonei","from":"low-grade-appendiceal-mucinous-neoplasm","refs":["hipec","hipec-procedure"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Sugarbaker develops cytoreduction with HIPEC","note":"Peritoneal mesothelioma. Peritonectomy procedures and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy applied to peritoneal surface malignancy.","from":"peritoneal-mesothelioma","refs":["hipec"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Sugarbaker's peritonectomy procedures and HIPEC","note":"Appendiceal cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei","from":"appendiceal","refs":["hipec"]},{"group":"history","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"The receptor can also be rewired to read the wrong hormone","note":"Prostate cancer. In the same year as the amplification finding, ligand-binding-domain mutations that let progesterone, oestrogen and the antiandrogen itself switch the receptor on...","from":"prostate","refs":["paper-taplin-ar-mutation-androgen-independent-prostate-nejm-1995","androgen-receptor"]},{"group":"journal","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Clinical Cancer Research founded","note":"American Association for Cancer Research","from":"clinical-cancer-research","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Journal of oncology pharmacy practice founded","note":"SAGE Publications","from":"journal-of-oncology-pharmacy-practice","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology founded","note":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Wolters Kluwer)","from":"journal-of-pediatric-hematology-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Nature Medicine founded","note":"Springer Nature","from":"nature-medicine","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Pathology oncology research founded","note":"Frontiers Media SA","from":"pathology-and-oncology-research","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"The breast journal founded","note":"Wiley (Hindawi)","from":"the-breast-journal","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Urologic oncology founded","note":"Elsevier","from":"urologic-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials","note":"Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group. BMJ.","from":"paper-nsclc-collaborative-group-chemotherapy-meta-analysis-bmj-1995","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer","note":"Visakorpi T, Hyytinen E, Koivisto P, et al. Nature Genetics.","from":"paper-visakorpi-androgen-receptor-amplification-nat-genet-1995","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Inactivation of the type II TGF-beta receptor in colon cancer cells with microsatellite instability","note":"Markowitz S, Wang J, Myeroff L, et al. Science.","from":"paper-markowitz-tgfbr2-inactivation-msi-colon-science-1995","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Klimstra 1995: pancreatoblastoma, a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature","note":"Klimstra DS, Wenig BM, Adair CF, Heffess CS. American Journal of Surgical Pathology.","from":"paper-klimstra-pancreatoblastoma-clinicopathologic-study-ajsp-1995","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Mutation of the androgen-receptor gene in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer","note":"Taplin ME, Bubley GJ, Shuster TD, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-taplin-ar-mutation-androgen-independent-prostate-nejm-1995","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Randomized comparison of pentostatin versus interferon alfa-2a in previously untreated patients with hairy cell leukemia: an intergroup study","note":"Grever M, Kopecky K, Foucar MK, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-grever-j-clin-oncol","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"AML1 and the 8;21 and 3;21 translocations in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia","note":"Blood","from":"janet-rowley","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease","note":"Nature Medicine","from":"judah-folkman","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25)","note":"Journal of Immunology","from":"shimon-sakaguchi","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4","note":"Science","from":"tak-mak","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Prenatal hormonal therapy improves pulmonary compliance in the nitrofen-induced CDH rat model","note":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery","from":"jay-schnitzer","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Active surveillance","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"active-surveillance","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Bone-modifying agents (bisphosphonates, denosumab)","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"bone-modifying-agents","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Multidisciplinary tumour boards","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"multidisciplinary-tumour-board","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Photodynamic therapy lasers and light sources","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"photodynamic-therapy-lasers","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1995","precision":"year","title":"Radioprotectors and normal-tissue sparing drugs","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"radioprotectors","refs":[]}]},"route":"/years/1995/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"1994","kind":"year","name":"1994 in oncology","route":"/years/1994/"},{"id":"1996","kind":"year","name":"1996 in oncology","route":"/years/1996/"}]}}