{"entity":{"id":"1996","kind":"year","name":"1996 in oncology","aka":["1996"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 1996: 70 entries, 24 landmarks, 11 approvals, 11 papers and 10 papers listed on people's pages. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"70 dated entries in OnCo fall in 1996: 24 landmarks, 11 approvals, 11 papers, 10 papers listed on people's pages, 5 companies founded, 4 journals founded, 2 laws and regulations, 2 trials reported and 1 technology.\n\nOf those, 70 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["1995","1997"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":1996,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Acitretin approved in US","note":"Severe psoriasis (oncology use as chemoprevention of squamous cell carcinoma is off-label)","from":"acitretin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Cabergoline approved in US","note":"Hyperprolactinaemic disorders, idiopathic or due to pituitary adenomas","from":"cabergoline","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Carmustine approved in US","note":"Recurrent glioblastoma as an adjunct to surgery (Gliadel Wafer); newly diagnosed high-grade glioma with surgery and radiation added 2003","from":"carmustine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Docetaxel approved in US","note":"Locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer after chemotherapy (Taxotere, NDA 020449)","from":"docetaxel","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Gemcitabine approved in US","note":"Pancreatic cancer","from":"gemcitabine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Ibandronic acid approved in EU","note":"Tumour-induced hypercalcaemia; prevention of skeletal events in breast cancer with bone metastases (Bondronat)","from":"ibandronic-acid","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Irinotecan (and liposomal irinotecan) approved in US","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer after 5-FU; first line with 5-FU/LV 2000","from":"irinotecan","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Nilutamide approved in US","note":"Metastatic (stage D2) prostate cancer in combination with surgical castration","from":"nilutamide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Oxaliplatin approved in EU","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer","from":"oxaliplatin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Topotecan approved in US","note":"Relapsed SCLC (IV)","from":"topotecan","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Toremifene approved in EU","note":"First-line hormonal treatment of hormone-dependent metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women","from":"toremifene","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"German CLL Study Group founded","note":"Cologne","from":"german-cll-study-group","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Philogen S.p.A. founded","note":"Siena","from":"philogen-s-p-a","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Polaris Partners founded","note":"Boston, MA","from":"polaris-partners","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Scancell founded","note":"Oxford","from":"scancell","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"United Therapeutics founded","note":"Silver Spring, MD","from":"united-therapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"A prevention trial finds harm","note":"Lung cancer (all types). CARET gave beta carotene and retinol to 18,314 smokers and asbestos workers and was stopped 21 months early: relative risk of lung cancer 1.28 and of lung...","from":"lung-cancer","refs":["paper-caret-beta-carotene-retinol-lung-cancer-nejm-1996"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Carboplatin-paclitaxel becomes standard (GOG 111 and successors)","note":"High-grade serous ovarian cancer","from":"high-grade-serous-ovarian-cancer","refs":["carboplatin","paclitaxel"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Combination antiretroviral therapy","note":"HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas. Incidence of AIDS-related NHL falls sharply; survival after lymphoma improves as immune function is preserved.","from":"hiv-associated-lymphoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Combination ART causes KS regression; incidence collapses","note":"Kaposi sarcoma","from":"kaposi-sarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"ECOG 1684: high-dose interferon alfa becomes the first adjuvant therapy","note":"Stage III melanoma (after surgery)","from":"stage-iii-melanoma","refs":["interferon-alfa"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 24891: induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy preserve the larynx without loss of survival","note":"Hypopharyngeal cancer","from":"hypopharyngeal-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"FLT3 internal tandem duplications described in AML","note":"FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia","from":"aml-flt3","refs":["flt3"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Germline PTCH1 mutations found in Gorlin syndrome, linking hedgehog signalling to medulloblastoma","note":"SHH-activated medulloblastoma","from":"medulloblastoma-shh","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Hydroxyurea beats etoposide in CMML","note":"Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms. GFM randomised trial (Wattel et al., Blood).","from":"cmml","refs":["hydroxyurea"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"IFM 90: autologous transplant beats conventional chemotherapy","note":"Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-eligible","from":"myeloma-transplant-eligible","refs":["autologous-stem-cell-transplant"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"IFM 90: transplant improves survival over chemotherapy","note":"Multiple myeloma","from":"multiple-myeloma","refs":["autologous-stem-cell-transplant"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Mazzaferro defines the Milan criteria for liver transplantation in HCC","note":"Early hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC 0 and A)","from":"hcc-early","refs":["liver-transplant-oncology"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Milan criteria for liver transplantation","note":"Hepatocellular carcinoma. Mazzaferro: ~70% five-year survival for small tumours.","from":"hcc","refs":["liver-transplant-oncology"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"National Cancer Institute risk criteria by age and white count adopted","note":"Standard-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children","from":"all-paediatric-standard-risk","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Paclitaxel-cisplatin becomes standard (GOG-111)","note":"Ovarian cancer","from":"ovarian","refs":["paclitaxel","platinum"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Paclitaxel-cisplatin standard","note":"Ovarian cancer","from":"ovarian","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"PTCH1 identified as the Gorlin syndrome gene","note":"Basal cell carcinoma. Hahn et al. and Johnson et al.: links human BCC to the Drosophila hedgehog pathway.","from":"basal-cell-carcinoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"PTCH1 identified as the Gorlin syndrome gene, linking basal cell carcinoma to hedgehog signalling","note":"Locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma","from":"locally-advanced-bcc","refs":["hedgehog"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Systemic chemoreduction with focal therapy replaces radiation (Shields, Gallie)","note":"Retinoblastoma","from":"retinoblastoma","refs":["carboplatin"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Topotecan and later pegylated liposomal doxorubicin approved for relapsed ovarian cancer","note":"Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer","from":"platinum-resistant-ovarian-cancer","refs":["topotecan","pegylated-liposomal-doxorubicin"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Topotecan approved for relapsed disease","note":"Small-cell lung cancer","from":"sclc","refs":["topotecan"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Topotecan approved for relapsed small-cell lung cancer","note":"Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer","from":"extensive-stage-sclc","refs":["topotecan"]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"UKCCCR ACT I and EORTC: chemoradiation beats radiation alone","note":"Anal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)","from":"anal","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"UKCCCR ACT I: chemoradiotherapy beats radiotherapy alone","note":"Localised anal squamous cell carcinoma (stage I to III)","from":"localised-anal-cancer","refs":["chemoradiation"]},{"group":"journal","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals founded","note":"SAGE Publications (formerly Mary Ann Liebert)","from":"cancer-biotherapy-and-radiopharmaceuticals","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"International journal of clinical oncology founded","note":"Springer (Springer Japan)","from":"international-journal-of-clinical-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia founded","note":"Springer Nature","from":"journal-of-mammary-gland-biology-and-neoplasia","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"The oncologist founded","note":"Oxford University Press","from":"the-oncologist","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)","note":"United States, statute.","from":"hipaa","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"ICH good clinical practice (E6)","note":"International, guidance.","from":"ich-gcp","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"A randomized trial of hydroxyurea versus VP16 in adult chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies and European CMML Group","note":"Wattel E, Guerci A, Hecquet B, et al. Blood.","from":"paper-wattel-blood","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"A randomized trial of minoxidil in chemotherapy-induced alopecia","note":"Duvic M, Lemak NA, Valero V, et al. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.","from":"paper-duvic-j-am-acad-dermatol","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Bischoff 1996: the adenovirus that was said to replicate only where p53 was lost","note":"Bischoff JR, Kirn DH, Williams A, et al. Science.","from":"paper-bischoff-onyx-015-science-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease","note":"Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-caret-beta-carotene-retinol-lung-cancer-nejm-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 24891: larynx preservation with induction chemotherapy in pyriform sinus (hypopharyngeal) cancer","note":"Lefebvre JL, Chevalier D, Luboinski B, et al. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.","from":"paper-eortc-24891-larynx-preservation-lefebvre-jnci-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Leach, Krummel and Allison: releasing the CTLA-4 brake makes mice reject tumours","note":"Leach DR, Krummel MF, Allison JP. Science.","from":"paper-leach-allison-ctla4-blockade-science-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Liver transplantation for small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis (the Milan criteria)","note":"Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-mazzaferro-milan-criteria-nejm-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Myxofibrosarcoma: clinicopathological analysis of 75 cases with emphasis on the low-grade variant","note":"Mentzel T, Calonje E, Wadden C, et al. American Journal of Surgical Pathology.","from":"paper-myxofibrosarcoma-mentzel-ajsp-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Preneoplastic lesions and gallbladder cancer: an estimate of the period required for progression","note":"Roa I, Araya JC, Villaseca M, et al. Gastroenterology.","from":"paper-roa-dysplasia-to-carcinoma-interval-gastroenterology-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer (Nottingham)","note":"Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain JO, Robinson MH, et al. The Lancet.","from":"paper-hardcastle-nottingham-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test (Funen)","note":"Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, Jørgensen OD, Søndergaard O. The Lancet.","from":"paper-kronborg-funen-faecal-occult-blood-lancet-1996","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"A prognostic model for predicting 10-year survival in patients with primary melanoma. The Pigmented Lesion Group","note":"Annals of Internal Medicine","from":"lynn-schuchter","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Abnormal heart rate variability as a manifestation of autonomic dysfunction in hemispheric brain infarction","note":"Stroke","from":"juha-korpelainen","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"AML1, the Target of Multiple Chromosomal Translocations in Human Leukemia, Is Essential for Normal Fetal Liver Hematopoiesis","note":"Cell","from":"james-r-downing","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Breast-duct endoscopy to study stages of cancerous breast disease","note":"The Lancet","from":"susan-love","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade","note":"Science","from":"james-allison","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Long-term results of a prospective randomized trial of adjuvant brachytherapy in soft tissue sarcoma","note":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","from":"peter-pisters","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Phase II trial of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","note":"Blood","from":"steven-rosen","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Prenatal glucocorticoid therapy reverses pulmonary immaturity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia in fetal sheep","note":"Annals of Surgery","from":"jay-schnitzer","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Prognostic Variables and Survival in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias: Cancer Institute Experience","note":"Pediatric Hematology and Oncology","from":"shanta-v","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Roots and perspectives of contemporary papillomavirus research","note":"Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology","from":"harald-zur-hausen","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Liver transplantation for cancer (Milan criteria and beyond)","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"liver-transplant-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"trial","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Funen faecal occult blood screening trial reported","note":"Colorectal cancer mortality ratio 0.82 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.99) over ten years, with unchanged incidence.","from":"funen-fob","refs":["colorectal"]},{"group":"trial","date":"1996","precision":"year","title":"Nottingham faecal occult blood screening trial reported","note":"Colorectal cancer deaths 360 in the screened group against 420 in the control group, a 15 percent reduction in cumulative mortality (odds ratio 0.85, 0.74 to 0.98, p = 0.026).","from":"nottingham-fob","refs":["colorectal"]}]},"route":"/years/1996/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"1995","kind":"year","name":"1995 in oncology","route":"/years/1995/"},{"id":"1997","kind":"year","name":"1997 in oncology","route":"/years/1997/"}]}}