{"entity":{"id":"1997","kind":"year","name":"1997 in oncology","aka":["1997"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 1997: 76 entries, 25 landmarks, 15 papers, 11 companies founded and 10 approvals. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"76 dated entries in OnCo fall in 1997: 25 landmarks, 15 papers, 11 companies founded, 10 approvals, 6 journals founded, 4 trials reported, 2 papers listed on people's pages, 1 law or regulation, 1 technology and 1 regulatory event.\n\nOf those, 1 to the day and 75 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["1996","1998"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":1997,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Anagrelide approved in US","note":"Thrombocythaemia secondary to myeloproliferative neoplasms","from":"anagrelide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Dolasetron approved in US","note":"Prevention of nausea and vomiting from moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (oral); intravenous chemotherapy indication removed in 2010","from":"dolasetron","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Imiquimod approved in US","note":"External genital and perianal warts","from":"imiquimod","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Letrozole (and other aromatase inhibitors) approved in US","note":"Advanced breast cancer after tamoxifen (letrozole)","from":"letrozole","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Oprelvekin approved in US","note":"Prevention of severe thrombocytopenia and reduction of platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in non-myeloid malignancies. Withdrawn in 2011","from":"oprelvekin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Raloxifene approved in US","note":"Treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis","from":"raloxifene","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Rituximab approved in US","note":"Relapsed follicular lymphoma; first antibody approved for cancer","from":"rituximab","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Samarium-153 lexidronam approved in US","note":"Relief of pain in patients with confirmed osteoblastic metastatic bone lesions that enhance on radionuclide bone scan","from":"samarium-153-lexidronam","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Talc (intrapleural) approved in US","note":"Prevention of recurrence of malignant pleural effusion after drainage (Sclerosol aerosol; sterile powder 2003)","from":"talc-sclerosant","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Toremifene approved in US","note":"Metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with ER-positive or unknown tumours","from":"toremifene","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"4SC founded","note":"Planegg-Martinsried","from":"4sc","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Argos Therapeutics founded","note":"Durham, NC","from":"argos-therapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"CSPC Pharmaceutical Group founded","note":"Shijiazhuang","from":"cspc","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals founded","note":"Berkeley Heights, NJ","from":"cyclacel","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Endo (now Keenova Therapeutics and Par Health) founded","note":"Ireland","from":"endo","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"GERCOR founded","note":"Paris","from":"gercor","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"German Breast Group (GBG) founded","note":"Neu-Isenburg","from":"gbg","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"GTx founded","note":"Memphis, TN","from":"gtx","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group founded","note":"Bellinzona","from":"ielsg","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Italian Sarcoma Group founded","note":"Bologna","from":"italian-sarcoma-group","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Oakwood Laboratories founded","note":"Oakwood Village, OH","from":"oakwood-laboratories","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"ASTRO consensus defines PSA failure after radiotherapy","note":"Biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer","from":"prostate-bcr","refs":["psa"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Carboplatin-paclitaxel established as empirical therapy in phase 2 trials","note":"Cancer of unknown primary, unfavourable (adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma)","from":"cup-unfavourable","refs":["carboplatin","paclitaxel"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"COL1A1-PDGFB fusion identified as the driver (Simon and colleagues, Nature Genetics)","note":"Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans","from":"dermatofibrosarcoma-protuberans","refs":["pdgfrb"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"CTNNB1 and APC mutations link desmoid to the WNT pathway","note":"Desmoid tumour. Tejpar and colleagues.","from":"desmoid-tumour","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Delahunt and Eble separate type 1 and type 2 papillary carcinoma","note":"Papillary renal cell carcinoma","from":"papillary-rcc","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 22863: adding three years of hormone therapy to radiotherapy improves survival","note":"Localised prostate cancer, high and very high risk","from":"prostate-high-risk","refs":["androgen-deprivation"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Founder BRCA mutations: 56 percent breast cancer risk by 70 in Ashkenazi carriers","note":"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Struewing and colleagues, 5,318 volunteers, three founder variants carried by over 2 percent of the population; Górski described the Polish BR...","from":"tnbc","refs":["paper-struewing-brca-founder-mutations-ashkenazi-nejm-1997","paper-gorski-brca1-founder-mutations-poland-ajhg-2000","brca"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Gemcitabine approved","note":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clinical benefit response over 5-FU; the standard for 14 years.","from":"pancreatic","refs":["gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Gemcitabine approved after showing clinical benefit over fluorouracil (Burris)","note":"Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","from":"metastatic-pdac","refs":["gemcitabine","paper-burris-gemcitabine-pancreatic-jco-1997"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"IGCCCG classification","note":"Extragonadal germ cell tumour. The International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group defined good, intermediate and poor risk; a mediastinal non-seminomatous primary alone places...","from":"extragonadal-germ-cell-tumour","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"IGCCCG prognostic classification","note":"Testicular germ cell tumours. Updated in 2021 with LDH and age refinements.","from":"testicular","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"IGCCCG risk classification published","note":"Non-seminomatous germ cell tumour","from":"non-seminoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"International Prognostic Scoring System for MDS","note":"Lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes","from":"mds-lower-risk","refs":["staging-systems"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"IPSS risk score","note":"Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms (MDS). Greenberg's International Prognostic Scoring System combines blasts, cytogenetics and cytopenias.","from":"mds","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Matsutani proposes the Japanese good, intermediate and poor prognosis grouping","note":"Central nervous system germ cell tumours (germinoma and non-germinomatous). Basis for risk-adapted therapy in Japan and later international trials.","from":"cns-germ-cell-tumours","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"MEN1 gene cloned","note":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN1, MEN2, MEN4). Chandrasekharappa and colleagues, Science; menin identified.","from":"multiple-endocrine-neoplasia","refs":["menin"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Paclitaxel approved for AIDS-KS","note":"Kaposi sarcoma","from":"kaposi-sarcoma","refs":["paclitaxel"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Rituximab approved","note":"Follicular lymphoma. First monoclonal antibody for cancer, in relapsed indolent lymphoma.","from":"follicular-lymphoma","refs":["rituximab"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Rituximab approved, the first antibody for a cancer","note":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types). Anti-CD20 rituximab for relapsed follicular lymphoma; added to CHOP it raised cure rates in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.","from":"non-hodgkin-lymphoma","refs":["rituximab"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Rituximab: first antibody for cancer","note":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","from":"dlbcl","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Rituximab: first monoclonal antibody approved for cancer","note":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","from":"dlbcl","refs":["cd20","monoclonal-antibody"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Surgery beats radiotherapy for facial basal cell carcinoma","note":"Skin cancer (all types). 347 patients randomised at the Institut Gustave Roussy: four-year failure 0.7 against 7.5 per cent and a better cosmetic result after surgery on four of fi...","from":"skin-cancer","refs":["avril-surgery-versus-radiotherapy-bcc"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial: radiotherapy before surgery","note":"Colorectal cancer. 1,168 patients; five-year local recurrence 11 versus 27 percent and overall survival 58 versus 48 percent, against surgery that was not standardised.","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-swedish-rectal-cancer-trial-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-1997"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"The map that made PSMA imaging possible","note":"Prostate cancer. An immunohistochemical survey shows PSMA is detectable in prostatic epithelium, duodenal mucosa and some renal tubules and almost nowhere else, while falling in de...","from":"prostate","refs":["paper-silver-psma-expression-normal-malignant-tissues-ccr-1997","psma"]},{"group":"history","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Two kinds of instability","note":"Colorectal cancer. Microsatellite-stable colorectal cancers gain or lose chromosomes above 10^-2 per chromosome per division, a dominant and continuing defect distinct from mismatc...","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-lengauer-genetic-instability-colorectal-nature-1997"]},{"group":"journal","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Brain tumor pathology founded","note":"Springer (Springer-Verlag Tokyo)","from":"brain-tumor-pathology","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Cancer radiothérapie founded","note":"Elsevier Masson","from":"cancer-radiotherapie","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Clinical journal of oncology nursing founded","note":"Oncology Nursing Society","from":"clinical-journal-of-oncology-nursing","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Journal of immunotherapy founded","note":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Wolters Kluwer)","from":"journal-of-immunotherapy","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Oral oncology founded","note":"Elsevier","from":"oral-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases founded","note":"Springer Nature (Nature Portfolio)","from":"prostate-cancer-and-prostatic-diseases","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Fast Track and RMAT designations","note":"United States, guidance.","from":"fast-track-rmat","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Burris 1997: gemcitabine becomes the first standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer","note":"Burris HA 3rd, Moore MJ, Andersen J, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-burris-gemcitabine-pancreatic-jco-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Cancer-susceptibility genes. Gatekeepers and caretakers","note":"Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Nature.","from":"paper-kinzler-nature","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Deregulation of the platelet-derived growth factor B-chain gene via fusion with COL1A1 in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans","note":"Simon MP, Pedeutour F, Sirvent N, et al. Nature Genetics.","from":"paper-simon-col1a1-pdgfb-dfsp-nat-genet-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumours: results from a cohort of 272 patients","note":"Bower M, Newlands ES, Holden L, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-bower-ema-co-high-risk-gtn-charing-cross-jco-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 22863: improved survival with radiotherapy plus goserelin in locally advanced prostate cancer","note":"Bolla M, Gonzalez D, Warde P, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-bolla-eortc-22863-nejm-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Genetic instability in colorectal cancers","note":"Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Nature.","from":"paper-lengauer-genetic-instability-colorectal-nature-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell","note":"Bonnet D, Dick JE. Nature Medicine.","from":"paper-bonnet-nat-med","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer (Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial)","note":"Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial, Cedermark B, Dahlberg M, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-swedish-rectal-cancer-trial-preoperative-radiotherapy-nejm-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers","note":"Unknown. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-igcccg-classification-jco-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Levine 1997: p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division","note":"Levine AJ. Cell.","from":"paper-levine-p53-gatekeeper-cell-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"North American Intergroup: all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukaemia","note":"Tallman MS, Andersen JW, Schiffer CA, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-tallman-atra-apl-nejm-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy.","note":"Overgaard M, Hansen PS, Overgaard J, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-overgaard-n-engl-j-med","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues","note":"Silver DA, Pellicer I, Fair WR, Heston WD, Cordon-Cardo C. Clinical Cancer Research.","from":"paper-silver-psma-expression-normal-malignant-tissues-ccr-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Reversion of the malignant phenotype of human breast cells in three-dimensional culture and in vivo by integrin blocking antibodies","note":"Weaver VM, Petersen OW, Wang F, et al. The Journal of cell biology.","from":"paper-weaver-j-cell-biol","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"The risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Ashkenazi Jews","note":"Struewing JP, Hartge P, Wacholder S, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-struewing-brca-founder-mutations-ashkenazi-nejm-1997","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Monoclonal antibodies against the 4-1BB T-cell activation molecule eradicate established tumors","note":"Nature Medicine","from":"ignacio-melero","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer","note":"Science","from":"ramon-parsons","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Monoclonal antibodies","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"monoclonal-antibody","refs":[]},{"group":"trial","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"CHART reported","note":"24 percent reduction in the relative risk of death and an absolute two-year survival gain of nine percentage points, from 20 to 29 percent (p = 0.004); in squamous cancers a 34 per...","from":"chart-lung","refs":["nsclc","lung-cancer","lung-squamous-cell-carcinoma"]},{"group":"trial","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"DBCG 82b and 82c reported","note":"82b: 10-year locoregional recurrence 9% vs 32%; overall survival 54% vs 45%.","from":"dbcg-82bc","refs":["breast-hr-positive","breast-her2-positive","tnbc","cyclophosphamide"]},{"group":"trial","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Surgery against radiotherapy for basal cell carcinoma of the face reported","note":"Four-year failure rate 0.7 per cent after surgery against 7.5 per cent after radiotherapy (p=0.003), with a good cosmetic result in 87 against 69 per cent by the patient's judgemen...","from":"avril-surgery-versus-radiotherapy-bcc","refs":["basal-cell-carcinoma","skin-cancer"]},{"group":"trial","date":"1997","precision":"year","title":"Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial reported","note":"Five-year local recurrence 11 against 27 percent, with better overall survival.","from":"swedish-rectal-cancer-trial","refs":["colorectal","rectal-cancer"]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"1997-07-25","precision":"day","title":"Letrozole (and other aromatase inhibitors): approval (US)","note":"Letrozole approved for advanced breast cancer","from":"letrozole","refs":[]}]},"route":"/years/1997/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"1996","kind":"year","name":"1996 in oncology","route":"/years/1996/"},{"id":"1998","kind":"year","name":"1998 in oncology","route":"/years/1998/"}]}}