{"entity":{"id":"1998","kind":"year","name":"1998 in oncology","aka":["1998"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 1998: 62 entries, 20 landmarks, 13 approvals, 9 companies founded and 8 papers. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"62 dated entries in OnCo fall in 1998: 20 landmarks, 13 approvals, 9 companies founded, 8 papers, 6 papers listed on people's pages, 3 journals founded, 1 technology, 1 trial reported and 1 regulatory event.\n\nOf those, 1 to the day and 61 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["1997","1999"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":1998,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Aldesleukin (high-dose IL-2) approved in US","note":"Metastatic melanoma","from":"aldesleukin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Capecitabine approved in US","note":"Metastatic breast cancer after anthracycline and taxane; later adjuvant and metastatic colorectal cancer, rectal chemoradiotherapy","from":"capecitabine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Celecoxib approved in US","note":"Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis pain (oncology use in metronomic regimens is off-label)","from":"celecoxib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Gemcitabine approved in US","note":"NSCLC with cisplatin","from":"gemcitabine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"HER2 IHC and ISH companion assays (HercepTest, PATHWAY 4B5, HER2 Dual ISH) approved in US","note":"HercepTest: HER2 overexpression to select trastuzumab in breast cancer (first companion diagnostic)","from":"her2-testing-assays","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) approved in US","note":"Sickle cell anaemia (Droxia)","from":"hydroxyurea","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Imiquimod approved in EU","note":"Genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis (Aldara)","from":"imiquimod","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Samarium-153 lexidronam approved in EU","note":"Relief of bone pain from multiple painful osteoblastic skeletal metastases (Quadramet)","from":"samarium-153-lexidronam","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Tamoxifen approved in US","note":"Risk reduction in high-risk women","from":"tamoxifen","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Thalidomide approved in US","note":"Erythema nodosum leprosum","from":"thalidomide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Thyrotropin alfa approved in US","note":"Adjunctive diagnostic tool for thyroglobulin testing in well-differentiated thyroid cancer; pre-therapeutic stimulation for radioiodine remnant ablation added 2007","from":"thyrotropin-alfa","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Trastuzumab approved in US","note":"HER2+ metastatic breast cancer","from":"trastuzumab","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Valrubicin approved in US","note":"Intravesical therapy of BCG-refractory carcinoma in situ of the bladder when immediate cystectomy is not acceptable","from":"valrubicin","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"ALFA (Acute Leukemia French Association) founded","note":"France (seat not stated)","from":"alfa","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Emergent BioSolutions founded","note":"Gaithersburg, MD","from":"emergent-biosolutions","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Halozyme Therapeutics founded","note":"San Diego, CA","from":"halozyme","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Isarna Therapeutics founded","note":"Munich","from":"isarna-therapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Korean Cancer Study Group founded","note":"Seoul","from":"kcsg","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation and Myeloma Investment Fund founded","note":"Norwalk, CT","from":"mmrf-myeloma-investment-fund","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"OrbiMed founded","note":"New York, NY","from":"orbimed","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"PTC Therapeutics founded","note":"South Plainfield, NJ","from":"ptc-therapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Sunesis Pharmaceuticals founded","note":"South San Francisco, CA","from":"sunesis","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Anastrozole and letrozole approved; tamoxifen for prevention","note":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","from":"breast-hr-positive","refs":["letrozole","tamoxifen"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Cairncross links 1p/19q loss to chemosensitivity","note":"Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted. Journal of the National Cancer Institute report that codeleted anaplastic oligodendrogliomas respond to PCV and live longer.","from":"oligodendroglioma","refs":["procarbazine","lomustine","vincristine"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Children's Cancer Group: augmented BFM therapy improves outcome for slow early responders","note":"High-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (high-risk B-ALL and T-ALL)","from":"all-paediatric-high-risk","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"EBCTCG overview: five years of tamoxifen cuts recurrence and death","note":"High-risk early HR-positive breast cancer","from":"hr-positive-early-high-risk","refs":["tamoxifen"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"High-dose interleukin-2 approved for rare durable remissions","note":"Advanced melanoma (unresectable stage III and stage IV)","from":"advanced-melanoma","refs":["aldesleukin"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Hirota identifies gain-of-function KIT mutations in GIST","note":"KIT exon 11-mutant GIST","from":"gist-kit-exon-11","refs":["kit"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib enters the clinic","note":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Druker's phase 1 trial of STI571: complete haematologic responses in nearly every chronic-phase patient.","from":"cml","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib enters the clinic: remissions in nearly every chronic-phase patient","note":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic phase","from":"cml-chronic-phase","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Intergroup 0099: concurrent cisplatin chemoradiotherapy improves survival","note":"Locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage III to IVA)","from":"locoregionally-advanced-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma","refs":["cisplatin","chemoradiation"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Intergroup 0099: concurrent cisplatin-RT improves survival (Al-Sarraf)","note":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","from":"nasopharyngeal","refs":["cisplatin"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"KIT mutations discovered in GIST (Hirota, Science)","note":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)","from":"gist","refs":["kit"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"KIT mutations discovered in GIST (Hirota)","note":"Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)","from":"sarcoma","refs":["kit"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"MRC AML10: four intensive courses without maintenance become the paediatric standard","note":"Acute myeloid leukaemia in children","from":"aml-paediatric","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Shih and Kurman define epithelioid trophoblastic tumour","note":"Placental-site trophoblastic tumour and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour","from":"placental-site-trophoblastic-tumour","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"SMARCB1 (hSNF5/INI1) identified as the rhabdoid tumour gene","note":"Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (ATRT). Versteege and colleagues (Nature) find biallelic loss, the first chromatin-remodelling tumour suppressor.","from":"atrt","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Sporadic mismatch repair deficiency is epigenetic","note":"Colorectal cancer. MLH1 promoter hypermethylation explains most sporadic microsatellite-unstable cancers and is reversible in the laboratory.","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-herman-mlh1-promoter-hypermethylation-colorectal-pnas-1998","mlh1"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Sugarbaker reports cytoreduction with intraperitoneal chemotherapy for appendiceal carcinomatosis","note":"Appendiceal adenocarcinoma (mucinous and non-mucinous, including signet ring cell)","from":"appendiceal-adenocarcinoma","refs":["hipec"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Trastuzumab approved for HER2-overexpressing disease","note":"HER2-low and HER2-ultralow metastatic breast cancer","from":"her2-low-metastatic-breast-cancer","refs":["trastuzumab"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Trastuzumab approved for metastatic disease","note":"HER2-positive breast cancer. First antibody for a solid tumour; OS benefit with chemotherapy.","from":"breast-her2-positive","refs":["trastuzumab"]},{"group":"history","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Trastuzumab approved for metastatic disease","note":"Early HER2-positive breast cancer","from":"her2-positive-early-breast-cancer","refs":["trastuzumab"]},{"group":"journal","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"European journal of oncology nursing founded","note":"Elsevier","from":"european-journal-of-oncology-nursing","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Gastric cancer founded","note":"Springer (Springer Japan)","from":"gastric-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Zhongguo fei ai za zhi founded","note":"Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer (Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and Chinese Antituberculosis Association)","from":"chinese-journal-of-lung-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"A randomized double-blind phase III study of nimorazole as a hypoxic radiosensitizer of primary radiotherapy in supraglottic larynx and pharynx carcinoma.","note":"Overgaard J, Hansen HS, Overgaard M, et al. Radiotherapy and Oncology.","from":"paper-overgaard-radiother-oncol","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"American Association of Physicists in Medicine Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 53: quality assurance for clinical radiotherapy treatment planning","note":"Fraass B, Doppke K, Hunt M, et al. Medical physics.","from":"paper-fraass-med-phys","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Coffey 1998: reovirus grows in cells with an activated Ras pathway, which describes a great many cancers","note":"Coffey MC, Strong JE, Forsyth PA, Lee PW. Science.","from":"paper-coffey-reovirus-ras-science-1998","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"D'Amico risk groups: biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy","note":"D'Amico AV, Whittington R, Malkowicz SB, et al. JAMA.","from":"paper-damico-risk-groups-jama-1998","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumours","note":"Hirota S, Isozaki K, Moriyama Y, et al. Science.","from":"paper-hirota-kit-gist-science-1998","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Genetic instability of cancer cells is proportional to their degree of aneuploidy","note":"Duesberg P, Rausch C, Rasnick D, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.","from":"paper-duesberg-proc-natl-acad-sci-u-s-a","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Incidence and functional consequences of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal carcinoma","note":"Herman JG, Umar A, Polyak K, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.","from":"paper-herman-mlh1-promoter-hypermethylation-colorectal-pnas-1998","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Intergroup 0099: chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal cancer","note":"Al-Sarraf M, LeBlanc M, Giri PG, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-intergroup-0099-chemoradiotherapy-nasopharyngeal-jco-1998","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"A brief spiritual beliefs inventory for use in quality of life research in life-threatening illness","note":"Psycho-Oncology","from":"jimmie-holland","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer","note":"JAMA","from":"anthony-damico","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Lumpectomy and radiation therapy for the treatment of intraductal breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-17.","note":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","from":"bernard-fisher","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Rapid screening for psychologic distress in men with prostate carcinoma","note":"Cancer","from":"jimmie-holland","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Rapid-fractionation preoperative chemoradiation, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and intraoperative radiation therapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma","note":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","from":"peter-pisters","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATIONS IN HUMAN LEUKEMIAS","note":"Annual Review of Genetics","from":"janet-rowley","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"Angiogenesis and vascular normalisation models","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"angiogenesis-models","refs":[]},{"group":"trial","date":"1998","precision":"year","title":"DAHANCA 5 reported","note":"5-year locoregional control 49% (nimorazole) vs 33% (placebo).","from":"dahanca-5","refs":["head-and-neck","nimorazole"]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"1998-09-25","precision":"day","title":"Trastuzumab: approval (US)","note":"HER2+ metastatic breast cancer: first targeted antibody for a solid tumour","from":"trastuzumab","refs":[]}]},"route":"/years/1998/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"1997","kind":"year","name":"1997 in oncology","route":"/years/1997/"},{"id":"1999","kind":"year","name":"1999 in oncology","route":"/years/1999/"}]}}