{"entity":{"id":"1999","kind":"year","name":"1999 in oncology","aka":["1999"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 1999: 74 entries, 25 landmarks, 16 approvals, 10 papers listed on people's pages and 8 companies founded. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"74 dated entries in OnCo fall in 1999: 25 landmarks, 16 approvals, 10 papers listed on people's pages, 8 companies founded, 5 journals founded, 5 papers, 3 technologies and 2 trials reported.\n\nOf those, 74 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["1998","2000"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":1999,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Alitretinoin approved in US","note":"Cutaneous lesions of AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (topical gel)","from":"alitretinoin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Amifostine approved in US","note":"Reduction of moderate to severe xerostomia from post-operative radiotherapy for head and neck cancer","from":"amifostine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Aminolevulinic acid (topical, for photodynamic therapy) approved in US","note":"Actinic keratoses of the face and scalp with blue-light photodynamic therapy (Levulan Kerastick)","from":"aminolevulinic-acid","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Bexarotene approved in US","note":"Cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma refractory to at least one systemic therapy","from":"bexarotene","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Busulfan approved in US","note":"Conditioning with cyclophosphamide before allogeneic HPC transplantation for CML (Busulfex)","from":"busulfan","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Celecoxib approved in US","note":"Reduction of adenomatous colorectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis (accelerated approval; indication withdrawn 2011)","from":"celecoxib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Denileukin diftitox approved in US","note":"Persistent or recurrent CD25-positive CTCL (Ontak; withdrawn 2014)","from":"denileukin-diftitox","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Epirubicin approved in US","note":"Adjuvant therapy for axillary node-positive breast cancer","from":"epirubicin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Exemestane approved in US","note":"Advanced breast cancer after tamoxifen","from":"exemestane","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Methoxsalen (extracorporeal photopheresis) approved in US","note":"Palliative treatment of skin manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma unresponsive to other therapy, by extracorporeal photopheresis","from":"methoxsalen-ecp","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin approved in US","note":"Ovarian cancer refractory to platinum and paclitaxel","from":"pegylated-liposomal-doxorubicin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Sirolimus approved in US","note":"Prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidney transplant recipients","from":"sirolimus","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Tasonermin approved in EU","note":"Irresectable soft-tissue sarcoma of the limbs with melphalan via isolated limb perfusion, as an adjunct to surgery or for palliation","from":"tasonermin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil (S-1) approved in JP","note":"Gastric cancer; later colorectal, head and neck, lung, pancreatic, biliary and breast cancer (TS-1)","from":"tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Temozolomide approved in EU","note":"Temodal; malignant glioma (recurrent 1999; newly diagnosed glioblastoma with radiotherapy 2005); 26 Jan 1999","from":"temozolomide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Temozolomide approved in US","note":"Refractory anaplastic astrocytoma","from":"temozolomide","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Breast International Group (BIG) founded","note":"Brussels","from":"big","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Cellectis founded","note":"Paris","from":"cellectis","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Flagship Pioneering founded","note":"Cambridge, MA","from":"flagship-pioneering","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"GORTEC founded","note":"Tours","from":"gortec","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique founded","note":"Paris","from":"ifct","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"NewLink Genetics (now Lumos Pharma) founded","note":"Ames, Iowa, United States","from":"newlink-genetics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Perceptive Advisors founded","note":"New York, NY","from":"perceptive-advisors","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Versant Ventures founded","note":"San Francisco, CA","from":"versant-ventures","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"ALK rearrangements found in IMT","note":"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT). Griffin and colleagues identify 2p23 rearrangements, the first ALK fusions outside lymphoma.","from":"inflammatory-myofibroblastic-tumour","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging published (Llovet)","note":"Early hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC 0 and A)","from":"hcc-early","refs":["bclc-staging"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"BCLC staging system published","note":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","from":"hcc","refs":["bclc-staging"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Bexarotene approved","note":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome)","from":"cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma","refs":["bexarotene"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"CCG-3891: myeloablative therapy with autologous rescue and 13-cis-retinoic acid each improve event-free survival","note":"High-risk neuroblastoma","from":"neuroblastoma-high-risk","refs":["autologous-stem-cell-transplant"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"CCG-3891: myeloablative therapy with autologous rescue and isotretinoin improve survival","note":"Neuroblastoma (paediatric)","from":"neuroblastoma","refs":["autologous-stem-cell-transplant"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Cisplatin chemoradiation becomes the cervical cancer standard","note":"Vaginal cancer. Five randomised trials; the approach is extrapolated to vaginal cancer.","from":"vaginal","refs":["cisplatin"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Cisplatin chemoradiotherapy becomes standard in cervical cancer and is adopted for vaginal cancer","note":"Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-associated)","from":"vaginal-squamous-cell-carcinoma","refs":["cisplatin","chemoradiation"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"IGHV mutational status predicts outcome","note":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Hamblin and Damle show unmutated IGHV means aggressive disease.","from":"cll","refs":["ighv-status"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Interfant-99 opens: the first international infant ALL trial","note":"Infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (KMT2A-rearranged, under one year)","from":"all-infant","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Korea launches national gastric cancer screening","note":"Early gastric cancer","from":"early-gastric-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"NCI clinical alert: cisplatin chemoradiation improves survival in five trials","note":"Locally advanced cervical cancer","from":"locally-advanced-cervical-cancer","refs":["cisplatin","chemoradiation"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"NCI clinical alert: cisplatin with radiation","note":"Cervical cancer. Five randomised trials show 30-50% mortality reduction; chemoradiation becomes standard for locally advanced disease.","from":"cervical","refs":["cisplatin","imrt-igrt"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"NSABP B-24: tamoxifen after lumpectomy plus radiotherapy","note":"Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)","from":"ductal-carcinoma-in-situ","refs":["tamoxifen"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Plasma EBV DNA quantified as a tumour marker (Lo, Cancer Res)","note":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","from":"nasopharyngeal","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation improves survival in complete responders","note":"Small-cell lung cancer","from":"sclc","refs":["prophylactic-cranial-irradiation"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Sedlis criteria define intermediate-risk features that warrant adjuvant radiotherapy","note":"Early cervical cancer and fertility-sparing surgery","from":"early-cervical-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Small-cell lung cancer gets its two advances","note":"Lung cancer (all types). Twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy raised five-year survival from 16 to 26 percent in limited-stage disease, and the prophylactic cranial irradiation overvi...","from":"lung-cancer","refs":["paper-turrisi-twice-daily-thoracic-radiotherapy-limited-sclc-nejm-1999","paper-auperin-prophylactic-cranial-irradiation-sclc-nejm-1999"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Temozolomide approved (anaplastic astrocytoma)","note":"Glioma & glioblastoma","from":"glioblastoma","refs":["temozolomide"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Thalidomide shown active in refractory myeloma (Singhal, NEJM)","note":"Multiple myeloma","from":"multiple-myeloma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Turrisi: twice-daily 45 Gy improves five-year survival to 26 percent; Aupérin meta-analysis: prophylactic cranial irradiation improves survival","note":"Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer","from":"limited-stage-sclc","refs":["prophylactic-cranial-irradiation","platinum-etoposide"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Twice-daily 45 Gy (Turrisi) sets the limited-stage radiotherapy standard","note":"Small-cell lung cancer","from":"sclc","refs":["imrt-igrt"]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"WHO classification separates thymic carcinoma (then type C) from thymoma","note":"Thymic carcinoma","from":"thymic-carcinoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"WHO histologic classification of thymic epithelial tumours","note":"Thymoma and thymic carcinoma","from":"thymic-epithelial","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"WHO histological classification of thymic epithelial tumours (types A to C)","note":"Thymoma (WHO types A, AB, B1, B2 and B3)","from":"thymoma","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Breast cancer research founded","note":"BMC (Springer Nature)","from":"breast-cancer-research","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Clinical lung cancer founded","note":"Elsevier","from":"clinical-lung-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Current oncology reports founded","note":"Springer","from":"current-oncology-reports","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Neoplasia founded","note":"Elsevier","from":"neoplasia","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Neuro-Oncology founded","note":"Oxford University Press","from":"neuro-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"GOG 120: concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy with radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer","note":"Rose PG, Bundy BN, Watkins EB, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-rose-cisplatin-chemoradiation-cervical-nejm-1999","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission","note":"Aupérin A, Arriagada R, Pignon JP, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-auperin-prophylactic-cranial-irradiation-sclc-nejm-1999","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Sherr and Roberts 1999: CDK inhibitors as regulators of the G1 phase","note":"Sherr CJ, Roberts JM. Genes and Development.","from":"paper-sherr-roberts-cdk-inhibitors-genesdev-1999","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide","note":"Turrisi AT, Kim K, Blum R, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-turrisi-twice-daily-thoracic-radiotherapy-limited-sclc-nejm-1999","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Underrepresentation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer-treatment trials","note":"Hutchins LF, Unger JM, Crowley JJ, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-hutchins-n-engl-j-med","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"B7-H1, a third member of the B7 family, co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and interleukin-10 secretion","note":"Nature Medicine","from":"lieping-chen","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutive cases","note":"Annals of Surgery","from":"yuman-fong","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Discovery of a small molecule insulin mimetic with antidiabetic activity in mice","note":"Science","from":"fernando-pelaez","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide","note":"Journal of Pathology","from":"nubia-munoz","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Long-term survival in metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma and prognostic factors predicting outcome of therapy","note":"JCO","from":"dean-bajorin","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring","note":"Science","from":"todd-golub","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Papillomavirus Capsid Protein Expression Level Depends on the Match between Codon Usage and tRNA Availability","note":"Journal of Virology","from":"jian-zhou","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Poststroke depression correlates with cognitive impairment and neurological deficits","note":"Stroke","from":"juha-korpelainen","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Randomized Trial of Radiation Therapy Versus Concomitant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Advanced-Stage Oropharynx Carcinoma","note":"JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute","from":"philippe-bergerot","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and 13-cis-retinoic acid.","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"katherine-matthay","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Closed-system transfer devices for hazardous drugs (PhaSeal, ChemoLock, Equashield)","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"closed-system-transfer-devices","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Gastric cancer endoscopic screening (East Asia)","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"gastric-endoscopic-screening","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"SPECT/CT","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"spect-ct","refs":[]},{"group":"trial","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Intergroup 0096 (Turrisi): twice-daily versus once-daily thoracic radiotherapy reported","note":"Median survival 23 against 19 months (p=0.04); five-year survival 26 against 16 percent; grade 3 oesophagitis 27 against 11 percent.","from":"turrisi-intergroup-0096","refs":["limited-stage-sclc","cisplatin","etoposide","platinum-etoposide"]},{"group":"trial","date":"1999","precision":"year","title":"Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview (Auperin meta-analysis) reported","note":"Relative risk of death 0.84 (95 percent confidence interval 0.73 to 0.97, p=0.01); three-year survival 20.7 against 15.3 percent.","from":"pci-overview-1999","refs":["limited-stage-sclc","extensive-stage-sclc","sclc"]}]},"route":"/years/1999/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"1998","kind":"year","name":"1998 in oncology","route":"/years/1998/"},{"id":"2000","kind":"year","name":"2000 in oncology","route":"/years/2000/"}]}}