{"entity":{"id":"2002","kind":"year","name":"2002 in oncology","aka":["2002"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 2002: 90 entries, 28 landmarks, 17 papers, 12 approvals and 12 papers listed on people's pages. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"90 dated entries in OnCo fall in 2002: 28 landmarks, 17 papers, 12 approvals, 12 papers listed on people's pages, 8 companies founded, 7 journals founded, 3 trials reported, 1 law or regulation, 1 technology and 1 regulatory event.\n\nOf those, 1 to the day and 89 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["2001","2003"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":2002,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Amrubicin approved in JP","note":"Small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer","from":"amrubicin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Anastrozole approved in US","note":"Adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer","from":"anastrozole","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Arsenic trioxide approved in EU","note":"APL","from":"arsenic-trioxide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Darbepoetin alfa approved in US","note":"Anaemia due to concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy in non-myeloid malignancies","from":"darbepoetin-alfa","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Fulvestrant approved in US","note":"HR+ advanced breast cancer after antioestrogen therapy","from":"fulvestrant","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Ibritumomab tiuxetan approved in US","note":"Relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular or transformed B-cell NHL including rituximab-refractory follicular lymphoma","from":"ibritumomab-tiuxetan","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib approved in US","note":"KIT+ GIST","from":"imatinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Oxaliplatin approved in US","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer with 5-FU/LV","from":"oxaliplatin","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Pegfilgrastim approved in EU","note":"Reduction in duration of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy (Neulasta); biosimilars from 2018","from":"pegfilgrastim","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Pegfilgrastim approved in US","note":"Decrease in febrile neutropenia in non-myeloid malignancies on myelosuppressive chemotherapy (acute radiation syndrome added 2015)","from":"pegfilgrastim","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Rasburicase approved in US","note":"Initial management of plasma uric acid in paediatric patients with leukaemia, lymphoma or solid tumours at risk of tumour lysis (adults added 2009)","from":"rasburicase","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Zoledronic acid approved in US","note":"Multiple myeloma and bone metastases from solid tumours, with antineoplastic therapy","from":"zoledronic-acid","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Advanced Accelerator Applications (Novartis) founded","note":"Saint-Genis-Pouilly","from":"advanced-accelerator-applications","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Amneal Pharmaceuticals founded","note":"Bridgewater, New Jersey","from":"amneal","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Carl Zeiss Meditec founded","note":"Jena","from":"carl-zeiss-meditec","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"OBI Pharma founded","note":"Taipei","from":"obi-pharma","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"photonamic founded","note":"Wedel","from":"photonamic","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"RA Capital Management founded","note":"Boston, MA","from":"ra-capital","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Sinocelltech founded","note":"Beijing","from":"sinocelltech","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Takara Bio founded","note":"Kusatsu","from":"takara-bio","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"B2222 phase 2 and FDA approval of imatinib for metastatic GIST","note":"KIT exon 11-mutant GIST","from":"gist-kit-exon-11","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Beta-catenin mutations found in almost all solid pseudopapillary tumours","note":"Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas","from":"solid-pseudopapillary-neoplasm","refs":["wnt"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"BRAF mutations discovered in human cancer (Davies, Nature)","note":"BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer","from":"braf-v600e-colorectal","refs":["braf"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"BRAF mutations found in about half of melanomas (Davies and colleagues, Nature)","note":"BRAF V600-mutant melanoma","from":"braf-v600-melanoma","refs":["braf"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"BRAF V600E mutations discovered across cancers, including a small share of lung cancers","note":"BRAF V600E-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer","from":"braf-v600e-nsclc","refs":["braf","braf-v600-mutation"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"BRAF V600E mutations discovered in ~50% of melanomas","note":"Melanoma. Davies et al., Nature.","from":"melanoma","refs":["braf"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Consensus diagnostic criteria (IWWM-2)","note":"Waldenström macroglobulinaemia","from":"waldenstrom","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"E1594: four chemotherapy regimens, one result","note":"Lung cancer (all types). 1,207 patients, a 19 percent response rate and a median survival of 7.9 months whichever platinum doublet was used.","from":"lung-cancer","refs":["paper-schiller-ecog-1594-four-chemotherapy-regimens-nejm-2002"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"England centralises penile cancer surgery in supra-regional centres","note":"Localised penile cancer (organ-confined, node-negative)","from":"localised-penile-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"First reports of imatinib responses in metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans","note":"Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans","from":"dermatofibrosarcoma-protuberans","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"FLCN identified as the Birt-Hogg-Dube gene","note":"Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma","from":"chromophobe-rcc","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Fulvestrant: first SERD","note":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer","from":"breast-hr-positive","refs":["fulvestrant"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Fumarate hydratase mutations found in HLRCC","note":"Papillary renal cell carcinoma","from":"papillary-rcc","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Gefitinib approved; dramatic responses in a minority","note":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","from":"nsclc","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"GELA LNH-98.5: R-CHOP improves survival over CHOP","note":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Rituximab added to CHOP raises cure rates by ~15 points; the standard for the next twenty years.","from":"dlbcl","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"HRPT2 (CDC73) identified as the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome gene","note":"Parathyroid carcinoma. Carpten and colleagues, Nat Genet.","from":"parathyroid-carcinoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib approved for advanced GIST","note":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)","from":"gist","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib approved for GIST: the first solid tumour controlled by a targeted pill","note":"Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)","from":"sarcoma","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib for GIST","note":"Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)","from":"sarcoma","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"International pooled analysis of extragonadal germ cell tumours","note":"Extragonadal germ cell tumour. Bokemeyer and colleagues pool 635 patients from eleven centres: seminomas do as well as testicular disease, mediastinal non-seminomas do worst, and p...","from":"extragonadal-germ-cell-tumour","refs":["cisplatin","etoposide"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Llovet and Lo randomised trials: chemoembolisation prolongs survival","note":"Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B)","from":"hcc-intermediate","refs":["tace"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"NCIC SR2: preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy give equal control, with different toxicities","note":"Soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity (localised and advanced)","from":"extremity-soft-tissue-sarcoma","refs":["imrt-igrt"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"TACE proven to prolong survival (Llovet, Lo)","note":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","from":"hcc","refs":["tace"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Twenty-year results: keeping the breast costs nothing in survival","note":"Breast cancer (all types). NSABP B-06 and Milan I both report at twenty years and NSABP B-04 at twenty-five, none of them finding a survival advantage for the larger operation.","from":"breast-cancer","refs":["nsabp-b06","milan-i","nsabp-b04"]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"WHO abandons malignant fibrous histiocytoma as a diagnosis in favour of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma","note":"Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS)","from":"undifferentiated-pleomorphic-sarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"WHO recognises myxofibrosarcoma as a distinct entity","note":"Myxofibrosarcoma","from":"myxofibrosarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"WHO recognises PEComa as a tumour family","note":"Perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa)","from":"pecoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Zoledronic acid approved for bone metastases","note":"Metastatic cancer (cancer that has spread). Bisphosphonates, then denosumab, cut fractures and other skeletal events from bone metastases.","from":"metastatic-cancer","refs":["zoledronic-acid","denosumab"]},{"group":"journal","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Cancer biology & therapy founded","note":"Taylor & Francis (formerly Landes Bioscience)","from":"cancer-biology-and-therapy","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Cancer Cell founded","note":"Cell Press (Elsevier)","from":"cancer-cell","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Integrative cancer therapies founded","note":"SAGE Publishing","from":"integrative-cancer-therapies","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Molecular cancer founded","note":"BMC (Springer Nature)","from":"molecular-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Molecular cancer research founded","note":"American Association for Cancer Research","from":"molecular-cancer-research","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery founded","note":"Springer Nature","from":"nature-reviews-drug-discovery","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Technology in cancer research & treatment founded","note":"SAGE Publishing","from":"technology-in-cancer-research-and-treatment","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Paediatric drug laws: BPCA and PREA","note":"United States, statute.","from":"bpca-prea","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","note":"Llovet JM, Real MI, Montaña X, et al. The Lancet.","from":"paper-llovet-tace-lancet-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape","note":"Dunn GP, Bruce AT, Ikeda H, et al. Nature immunology.","from":"paper-dunn-nat-immunol","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer","note":"Schiller JH, Harrington D, Belani CP, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-schiller-ecog-1594-four-chemotherapy-regimens-nejm-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Coussens and Werb 2002: inflammation and cancer","note":"Coussens LM, Werb Z. Nature.","from":"paper-coussens-werb-inflammation-cancer-nature-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"DNA replication in eukaryotic cells","note":"Bell SP, Dutta A. Annual review of biochemistry.","from":"paper-bell-annu-rev-biochem","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Effects of St. John's wort on irinotecan metabolism","note":"Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Bruijn P, et al. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.","from":"paper-mathijssen-j-natl-cancer-inst","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours","note":"Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Blanke CD, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-demetri-imatinib-gist-nejm-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"FIGO staging for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia 2000","note":"FIGO Oncology Committee. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.","from":"paper-figo-2000-staging-gestational-trophoblastic-neoplasia-ijgo-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Flat-panel cone-beam computed tomography for image-guided radiation therapy","note":"Jaffray DA, Siewerdsen JH, Wong JW, et al. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics.","from":"paper-jaffray-int-j-radiat-oncol-biol-phys","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with unresectable leiomyosarcoma: results of a phase 2 trial","note":"Hensley ML, Maki R, Venkatraman E, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-hensley-gemcitabine-docetaxel-leiomyosarcoma-jco-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Germline mutations in nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma","note":"Neumann HP, Bausch B, McWhinney SR, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-neumann-germline-mutations-nonsyndromic-pheochromocytoma-nejm-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Hospital volume and surgical mortality in the United States","note":"Birkmeyer JD, Siewers AE, Finlayson EV, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-birkmeyer-n-engl-j-med","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Iwai and Honjo: tumours use PD-L1 to escape T cells, and blocking it restores attack","note":"Iwai Y, Ishida M, Tanaka Y, Okazaki T, Honjo T, Minato N. PNAS.","from":"paper-iwai-pdl1-tumour-escape-pnas-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"NCIC SR2: preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma of the limbs","note":"O'Sullivan B, Davis AM, Turcotte R, et al. The Lancet.","from":"paper-ncic-sr2-preoperative-vs-postoperative-radiotherapy-osullivan-lancet-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Paget disease of the nipple as a marker of multifocal, higher-risk underlying breast cancer","note":"Kothari AS, Beechey-Newman N, Hamed H, et al. Cancer.","from":"paper-kothari-paget-disease-nipple-multifocal-cancer-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Thiery 2002: epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression","note":"Thiery JP. Nature Reviews Cancer.","from":"paper-thiery-emt-tumour-progression-nrc-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Veber 2002: molecular properties that influence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates","note":"Veber DF, Johnson SR, Cheng HY, Smith BR, Ward KW, Kopple KD. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.","from":"paper-veber-oral-bioavailability-jmedchem-2002","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Adenoviral transfer of HSP-70 into pulmonary epithelium ameliorates experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome","note":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","from":"yoram-weiss","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Concurrent Chemotherapy-Radiotherapy Compared With Radiotherapy Alone in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Progression-Free Survival Analysis of...","note":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","from":"anthony-chan","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Development of the Proteasome Inhibitor PS-341","note":"The Oncologist","from":"julian-adams","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors","note":"NEJM","from":"george-demetri","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"History of Psycho-Oncology: Overcoming Attitudinal and Conceptual Barriers","note":"Psychosomatic Medicine","from":"jimmie-holland","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Metabolic characterization of childhood brain tumors: comparison of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C-methionine positron emission tomography","note":"Cancer","from":"sirkku-jyrkkio","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Prognostic factors in high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities or trunk: an analysis of 1,702 patients treated on neoadjuvant cooperative osteosarcoma study g...","note":"JCO","from":"stefan-bielack","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Relation to Oral Contraceptives (RATIO) Study","note":"Stroke","from":"maurice-van-den-bosch","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis","note":"Seminars in Oncology","from":"judah-folkman","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Tamoxifen, Radiation Therapy, or Both for Prevention of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence After Lumpectomy in Women With Invasive Breast Cancers of One Centim...","note":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","from":"bernard-fisher","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion","note":"Nature Medicine","from":"lieping-chen","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Twenty-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial Comparing Total Mastectomy, Lumpectomy, and Lumpectomy plus Irradiation for the Treatment of Invasive Breast Cancer","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"bernard-fisher","refs":["norman-wolmark"]},{"group":"technology","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Radioembolisation (TARE / SIRT, yttrium-90)","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"radioembolisation-tare","refs":[]},{"group":"trial","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"Milan I (quadrantectomy against radical mastectomy) reported","note":"Twenty-year same-breast recurrence 8.8 percent after quadrantectomy against 2.3 percent after radical mastectomy, with identical survival (death from any cause 41.7 against 41.2 pe...","from":"milan-i","refs":["breast-cancer","breast-hr-positive","breast-her2-positive","tnbc"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"NSABP B-04 reported","note":"No significant difference in disease-free, relapse-free, distant-disease-free or overall survival between radical mastectomy, total mastectomy with irradiation and total mastectomy...","from":"nsabp-b04","refs":["breast-cancer","breast-hr-positive","breast-her2-positive","tnbc"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2002","precision":"year","title":"NSABP B-06 reported","note":"Twenty-year recurrence in the treated breast 14.3 percent with lumpectomy and irradiation against 39.2 percent with lumpectomy alone; no difference in overall survival between any...","from":"nsabp-b06","refs":["breast-cancer","breast-hr-positive","breast-her2-positive","tnbc"]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2002-02-01","precision":"day","title":"Imatinib: approval (US)","note":"KIT+ gastrointestinal stromal tumour","from":"imatinib","refs":[]}]},"route":"/years/2002/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"2001","kind":"year","name":"2001 in oncology","route":"/years/2001/"},{"id":"2003","kind":"year","name":"2003 in oncology","route":"/years/2003/"}]}}