{"entity":{"id":"2012","kind":"year","name":"2012 in oncology","aka":["2012"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 2012: 288 entries, 67 landmarks, 65 papers, 61 papers listed on people's pages and 33 trials reported. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"288 dated entries in OnCo fall in 2012: 67 landmarks, 65 papers, 61 papers listed on people's pages, 33 trials reported, 28 approvals, 17 companies founded, 7 journals founded, 4 technologies, 3 laws and regulations and 3 regulatory events.\n\nOf those, 2 to the day, 1 to the month and 285 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["2011","2013"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":2012,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Abiraterone acetate approved in US","note":"mCRPC pre-chemotherapy","from":"abiraterone","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Axitinib approved in US","note":"Advanced RCC after one prior systemic therapy","from":"axitinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Bosutinib approved in US","note":"Ph+ CML after prior TKI","from":"bosutinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cabozantinib approved in US","note":"Medullary thyroid cancer (Cometriq)","from":"cabozantinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Carfilzomib approved in US","note":"Relapsed myeloma (accelerated)","from":"carfilzomib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Choline C-11 approved in US","note":"PET imaging of suspected prostate cancer recurrence with non-informative conventional imaging","from":"choline-c11","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Crizotinib approved in EU","note":"Conditional Oct 2012; full approval 2015","from":"crizotinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Decitabine approved in EU","note":"Newly diagnosed de novo or secondary AML in adults 65 and over not candidates for standard induction","from":"decitabine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Enzalutamide approved in US","note":"mCRPC after docetaxel (pre-chemo 2014)","from":"enzalutamide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Everolimus approved in US","note":"HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer with exemestane after NSAI failure","from":"everolimus","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Glucarpidase approved in US","note":"Toxic plasma methotrexate concentrations with delayed clearance due to impaired renal function","from":"glucarpidase","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Granisetron approved in EU","note":"Transdermal granisetron for moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy (Sancuso)","from":"granisetron","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Mercaptopurine approved in EU","note":"ALL in adults, adolescents and children (Xaluprine oral suspension)","from":"mercaptopurine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Mogamulizumab approved in JP","note":"Relapsed CCR4+ adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma; later PTCL/CTCL","from":"mogamulizumab","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Omacetaxine mepesuccinate approved in US","note":"Chronic or accelerated phase CML resistant or intolerant to two or more TKIs (accelerated; full approval 2014)","from":"omacetaxine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pasireotide approved in US","note":"Cushing's disease when pituitary surgery is not an option or has not been curative","from":"pasireotide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pazopanib approved in US","note":"Advanced non-adipocytic soft-tissue sarcoma after chemotherapy","from":"pazopanib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pertuzumab approved in US","note":"First-line HER2+ metastatic breast cancer with trastuzumab and docetaxel","from":"pertuzumab","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pixantrone approved in EU","note":"Multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, single agent (conditional). Authorisation expired 12 June 2024; the holder did not apply for renewal","from":"pixantrone","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ponatinib approved in US","note":"CML and Ph+ ALL resistant to prior TKIs or with T315I","from":"ponatinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Prosigna (PAM50) approved in EU","note":"CE-IVD","from":"prosigna","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Regorafenib approved in US","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer, previously treated","from":"regorafenib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Regorafenib approved in US","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer after fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, anti-VEGF and, if RAS wild-type, anti-EGFR therapy. Approved September 2012 on CORRECT.","from":"regorafenib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ruxolitinib approved in EU","note":"Myelofibrosis","from":"ruxolitinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"therascreen companion diagnostic kits (KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, FGFR, BRAF) approved in US","note":"therascreen KRAS: cetuximab and panitumumab eligibility in metastatic colorectal cancer","from":"therascreen-cdx","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Vismodegib approved in US","note":"Metastatic BCC or locally advanced BCC recurrent after surgery or not amenable to surgery/radiation","from":"vismodegib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ziv-aflibercept approved in US","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to or progressing after oxaliplatin, with FOLFIRI","from":"ziv-aflibercept","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ziv-aflibercept approved in US","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to or progressing after an oxaliplatin-containing regimen, with FOLFIRI. Approved August 2012 on VELOUR.","from":"ziv-aflibercept","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Angiocrine Bioscience founded","note":"San Diego, CA","from":"angiocrine-bioscience","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"AskGene Pharma founded","note":"Camarillo","from":"askgene-pharma","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Atara Biotherapeutics founded","note":"Thousand Oaks, California","from":"atara-biotherapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Avistone Biotechnology founded","note":"Beijing","from":"avistone-biotechnology","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Bpifrance founded","note":"Paris","from":"bpifrance","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group founded","note":"Philadelphia, PA","from":"ecog-acrin","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Immix Biopharma founded","note":"Los Angeles, California","from":"immix-biopharma","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Intensity Therapeutics founded","note":"Shelton, Connecticut","from":"intensity-therapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Lightpoint Medical founded","note":"Chesham","from":"lightpoint-medical","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"LYSA (The Lymphoma Study Association) founded","note":"Pierre-Bénite (Lyon)","from":"lysa","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"MobileODT founded","note":"Tel Aviv","from":"mobileodt","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"NBE-Therapeutics founded","note":"Basel","from":"nbe-therapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Samsung Bioepis founded","note":"Incheon","from":"samsung-bioepis","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Shanghai Bovax Biotechnology founded","note":"Shanghai","from":"shanghai-bovax-biotechnology","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Shanghai Junshi Biosciences founded","note":"Shanghai","from":"junshi","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Syncona founded","note":"London","from":"syncona","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Universal DX founded","note":"Madrid","from":"universal-dx","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"AEWS0031: interval compression improves EFS (Womer, JCO)","note":"Ewing sarcoma","from":"ewing-sarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ALFA-0701 rescues gemtuzumab","note":"Acute myeloid leukaemia. Fractionated dosing with 7+3 improves EFS; re-approval 2017.","from":"aml","refs":["alfa-0701","gemtuzumab-ozogamicin"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Axitinib approved (AXIS)","note":"Renal cell carcinoma","from":"rcc","refs":["axitinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"BOLERO-2: everolimus with exemestane after an aromatase inhibitor","note":"HR-positive metastatic breast cancer after CDK4/6 inhibitors","from":"hr-positive-metastatic-post-cdk46","refs":["everolimus","exemestane"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"BRAF V600E found in ECD and LCH","note":"Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms. Haroche and colleagues (Blood 2012) after Badalian-Very's LCH discovery (2010).","from":"histiocytoses","refs":["braf"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"BRAF V600E found in more than half of patients","note":"Erdheim-Chester disease","from":"erdheim-chester-disease","refs":["braf","braf-v600-mutation"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cabozantinib approved (EXAM trial)","note":"Medullary thyroid cancer","from":"medullary-thyroid-cancer","refs":["cabozantinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Carfilzomib approved; International Staging refined","note":"Multiple myeloma","from":"multiple-myeloma","refs":["carfilzomib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Carfilzomib approved; pomalidomide follows in 2013","note":"Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","from":"myeloma-relapsed-refractory","refs":["carfilzomib","pomalidomide"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Consensus on four molecular groups; group 3 and group 4 named","note":"Group 3 and group 4 medulloblastoma (non-WNT/non-SHH)","from":"medulloblastoma-group-3-4","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Consensus on four molecular groups: WNT, SHH, group 3 and group 4","note":"WNT-activated medulloblastoma","from":"medulloblastoma-wnt","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CROSS chemoradiation before surgery","note":"Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma","from":"oesophageal-adenocarcinoma","refs":["cross"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CROSS: chemoradiation before surgery doubles survival","note":"Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma","from":"oesophageal-squamous-cell-carcinoma","refs":["cross"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CROSS: neoadjuvant chemoradiation","note":"Oesophageal cancer","from":"esophageal","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CROSS: neoadjuvant chemoradiation becomes standard","note":"Oesophageal cancer","from":"esophageal","refs":["cross"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Enzalutamide approved","note":"Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","from":"prostate-mcrpc","refs":["enzalutamide"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 62931: adjuvant doxorubicin-ifosfamide does not improve survival","note":"Soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity (localised and advanced)","from":"extremity-soft-tissue-sarcoma","refs":["doxorubicin","ifosfamide"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ERIVANCE: vismodegib approved, the first hedgehog inhibitor","note":"Locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma","from":"locally-advanced-bcc","refs":["erivance","vismodegib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ESPAC-3 periampullary","note":"Ampullary cancer (ampulla of Vater). Adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of periampullary cancer; survival benefit in adjusted analysis.","from":"ampullary","refs":["gemcitabine"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Everolimus + exemestane (BOLERO-2)","note":"HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer. First targeted agent to overcome endocrine resistance.","from":"breast-hr-positive","refs":["everolimus"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Everolimus regresses cardiac rhabdomyoma in tuberous sclerosis","note":"Rare cancers of childhood (NCI PDQ umbrella). Case series lead to medical management replacing surgery.","from":"rare-childhood-cancers","refs":["everolimus"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"FIRM-ACT: EDP-M beats streptozocin-mitotane on response and progression-free survival","note":"Advanced and metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ENSAT stage IV or unresectable)","from":"advanced-adrenocortical-carcinoma","refs":["etoposide","doxorubicin","cisplatin","mitotane"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"FIRM-ACT: EDP-M vs streptozocin-mitotane (NEJM)","note":"Adrenocortical carcinoma","from":"adrenocortical","refs":["etoposide","doxorubicin","cisplatin","mitotane"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"First CAR-T cures: Emily Whitehead","note":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. CTL019 at CHOP/Penn; durable remission of refractory paediatric ALL.","from":"all-leukemia","refs":["tisagenlecleucel"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Four molecular subgroups agreed (Taylor et al., Acta Neuropathol)","note":"Medulloblastoma","from":"medulloblastoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Fukuoka guidelines introduce high-risk stigmata and worrisome features","note":"Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and other pancreatic cystic precursors","from":"ipmn-cystic-precursors","refs":["mri","endoscopic-ultrasound-systems"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Genomic landscape: ID3, TCF3 and CCND3","note":"Burkitt lymphoma. Schmitz and Richter (Nature, Nature Genetics) define the cooperating mutations.","from":"burkitt-lymphoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Global BCG shortage begins after Sanofi production halt","note":"Bladder & urothelial cancer","from":"urothelial","refs":["bcg-intravesical"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"GOG-0209: carboplatin-paclitaxel as effective as and less toxic than TAP","note":"Advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer","from":"advanced-recurrent-endometrial-cancer","refs":["carboplatin","paclitaxel"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"H3 K27M mutation discovered","note":"Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (including DIPG). Schwartzentruber and Wu (Nature Genetics) find recurrent histone H3 mutations in DIPG and paediatric glioblastoma.","from":"dipg-dmg","refs":["h3k27m"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"HiLo and ESTIMABL1: low-dose radioiodine ablation is enough","note":"Thyroid cancer","from":"thyroid","refs":["hilo"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Histone H3 mutations discovered in paediatric glioma","note":"Paediatric high-grade glioma (excluding diffuse midline glioma). Schwartzentruber and colleagues (Nature) and Wu and colleagues (Nature Genetics) find H3.3 K27M and G34 mutations.","from":"paediatric-high-grade-glioma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib phase 2 in advanced chordoma","note":"Chordoma. Stacchiotti and colleagues: disease stabilisation in most patients, few objective responses.","from":"chordoma","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"International registry of 2,298 patients: median survival 16.3 years after cytoreduction and HIPEC","note":"Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and pseudomyxoma peritonei","from":"low-grade-appendiceal-mucinous-neoplasm","refs":["hipec"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Intravitreal melphalan for vitreous seeds (Munier)","note":"Retinoblastoma","from":"retinoblastoma","refs":["melphalan"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"IPSS-R","note":"Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms (MDS). Revised score with five cytogenetic groups and refined thresholds.","from":"mds","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"IPSS-R revised scoring system","note":"Lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes","from":"mds-lower-risk","refs":["staging-systems"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"JAZF1-SUZ12 and YWHAE-NUTM2 fusions define low- and high-grade ESS","note":"Uterine sarcoma. Lee and colleagues; earlier Koontz 2001 for JAZF1.","from":"uterine-sarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Lenalidomide maintenance after transplant lengthens remission (IFM 2005-02, CALGB 100104)","note":"Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-eligible","from":"myeloma-transplant-eligible","refs":["lenalidomide"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) unifies HSIL and LSIL across anogenital sites","note":"Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (precursor)","from":"anal-hsil-precursor","refs":["hpv-p16"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Metastasis-free survival validated as a surrogate for survival in prostate cancer","note":"Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","from":"prostate-nmcrpc","refs":["castration-resistance"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Multi-institutional CRS-HIPEC outcomes: 10-year survival 63% (Chua, JCO)","note":"Appendiceal cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei","from":"appendiceal","refs":["hipec"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"MYD88 L265P discovered","note":"Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. Treon et al. (NEJM): whole-genome sequencing finds the mutation in over 90% of WM.","from":"waldenstrom","refs":["btk"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"NCCN publishes the first adolescent and young adult oncology guidelines","note":"Adolescent and young adult cancers (ages 15 to 39)","from":"aya-cancers","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"NeoSphere: pertuzumab raises pathological complete response","note":"Early HER2-positive breast cancer","from":"her2-positive-early-breast-cancer","refs":["pertuzumab"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"P9641: surgery alone gives 97 percent survival in low-risk disease; expectant observation of small adrenal masses reported","note":"Low-risk neuroblastoma (INRG very low and low risk, including stage MS)","from":"neuroblastoma-low-risk","refs":["active-surveillance"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pazopanib approved for soft-tissue sarcoma including synovial sarcoma","note":"Synovial sarcoma","from":"synovial-sarcoma","refs":["pazopanib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pertuzumab and dual blockade (CLEOPATRA)","note":"HER2-positive breast cancer","from":"breast-her2-positive","refs":["pertuzumab","cleopatra"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Polypectomy prevents deaths, not just cancers","note":"Colorectal cancer. National Polyp Study at 23 years: colorectal cancer mortality halved against the general population.","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-zauber-national-polyp-study-colonoscopic-polypectomy-nejm-2012","paper-tcga-colorectal-comprehensive-characterization-nature-2012"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ponatinib approved for advanced phase including T315I","note":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia, accelerated and blast phase","from":"cml-advanced-phase","refs":["ponatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ponatinib approved, covering T315I","note":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic phase","from":"cml-chronic-phase","refs":["ponatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ponatinib covers T315I; bosutinib approved","note":"Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)","from":"cml","refs":["ponatinib","bosutinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"PTLD-1: sequential rituximab then CHOP","note":"Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Trappe and colleagues, Lancet Oncology 2012.","from":"post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder","refs":["rituximab"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Resistance to EGFR antibodies is selection, not mutation","note":"Colorectal cancer. KRAS-mutant clones emerge in plasma 5 to 6 months into panitumumab and are detectable up to 10 months before progression; modelling places them in the tumour bef...","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-diaz-molecular-evolution-egfr-resistance-colorectal-nature-2012","paper-misale-kras-acquired-resistance-anti-egfr-colorectal-nature-2012"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"RET fusions (KIF5B-RET) found in lung adenocarcinoma","note":"RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer","from":"ret-fusion-nsclc","refs":["ret","gene-fusion"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Screening is recommended against, and enzalutamide arrives","note":"Prostate cancer. The United States task force issued a grade D recommendation against prostate-specific antigen screening at any age; it moved men aged 55 to 69 to grade C in 2018...","from":"prostate","refs":["paper-moyer-uspstf-prostate-screening-ann-intern-med-2012","paper-uspstf-prostate-screening-jama-2018","paper-scher-affirm-enzalutamide-nejm-2012","paper-beer-prevail-enzalutamide-nejm-2014"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"SEER analysis of 415 adenosquamous carcinomas defines the phenotype","note":"Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas","from":"pancreatic-adenosquamous-carcinoma","refs":["tumour-grade"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"SSG XVIII: three years of adjuvant imatinib extends overall survival","note":"KIT exon 11-mutant GIST","from":"gist-kit-exon-11","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"SSGXVIII: 3-year adjuvant imatinib; pazopanib approved (PALETTE)","note":"Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)","from":"sarcoma","refs":["ssgxviii","pazopanib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"SSGXVIII: three years of adjuvant imatinib improves overall survival","note":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)","from":"gist","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"TCGA basal-like portrait and the first TNBC genomes","note":"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TP53 80%, PTEN loss 35%, RB1 loss 20% in basal-like disease and a likeness to serous ovarian cancer (Nature); Shah's 104 TNBC genomes show a c...","from":"tnbc","refs":["paper-tcga-breast-molecular-portraits-nature-2012","paper-shah-tnbc-clonal-evolution-nature-2012","tp53"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The fusion-negative half of the disease is named","note":"Prostate cancer. Exome sequencing of 112 tumours makes SPOP the commonest point mutation in prostate cancer and shows SPOP-mutant tumours never carry an ETS fusion; rapid-autopsy s...","from":"prostate","refs":["paper-barbieri-spop-foxa1-med12-prostate-nat-genet-2012","paper-grasso-mutational-landscape-lethal-crpc-nature-2012","spop","foxa1"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The molecular portrait, and a second way into WNT","note":"Colorectal cancer. TCGA read 276 tumours on every platform, found 16% hypermutated and added ARID1A, SOX9 and FAM123B to the driver list; the same year, R-spondin fusions were foun...","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-tcga-colorectal-comprehensive-characterization-nature-2012","paper-seshagiri-rspo-fusions-colon-nature-2012","rspo3"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The squamous genome read in full, and a second fusion class","note":"Non-small-cell lung cancer. TP53 mutated in nearly all of 178 squamous tumours, with the NFE2L2 and KEAP1 pathway altered in 34%, squamous differentiation genes in 44% and CDKN2A w...","from":"nsclc","refs":["paper-tcga-lung-squamous-nature-2012","paper-bergethon-ros1-rearrangements-lung-jco-2012","nfe2l2","ros1"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"TUMORAPA: changing the anti-rejection drug halves the next skin cancer","note":"Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. 120 kidney transplant recipients randomised; new squamous cell carcinomas in 22 per cent after a switch to sirolimus against 39 per cent continui...","from":"cutaneous-scc","refs":["tumorapa"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Vismodegib approved (ERIVANCE)","note":"Basal cell carcinoma. First hedgehog-pathway inhibitor.","from":"basal-cell-carcinoma","refs":["vismodegib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Vismodegib approved for advanced basal cell carcinoma","note":"Skin cancer (all types). First hedgehog pathway inhibitor.","from":"skin-cancer","refs":["vismodegib"]},{"group":"journal","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cancer biology & medicine founded","note":"China Anti-Cancer Association and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital","from":"cancer-biology-and-medicine","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cancer medicine founded","note":"Wiley","from":"cancer-medicine","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Chinese clinical oncology founded","note":"AME Publishing Company","from":"chinese-clinical-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CNS oncology founded","note":"Taylor & Francis","from":"cns-oncology","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"eLife founded","note":"eLife Sciences Publications","from":"elife","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"European thyroid journal founded","note":"Bioscientifica","from":"european-thyroid-journal","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Oncoimmunology founded","note":"Taylor & Francis","from":"oncoimmunology","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Breakthrough Therapy / Priority Review / Priority Voucher","note":"United States, guidance.","from":"breakthrough-designation","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"FDASIA 2012 and the origins of the expedited programmes","note":"United States, statute.","from":"fdasia-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Nexavar compulsory licence (India, 2012)","note":"India, court ruling.","from":"nexavar-compulsory-licence","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Abiraterone acetate for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival analysis of the COU-AA-301 randomised, double-blind...","note":"Fizazi K, Scher HI, Molina A, et al. The Lancet Oncology.","from":"paper-abiraterone-acetate-prostate-lancet-oncol-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Accessories to the crime: functions of cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment","note":"Hanahan D, Coussens LM. Cancer Cell.","from":"paper-hanahan-cancer-cell","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"AEWS0031: randomised trial of interval-compressed chemotherapy for localised Ewing sarcoma","note":"Womer RB, West DC, Krailo MD, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-aews0031-interval-compressed-chemotherapy-ewing-womer-jco-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"AFFIRM: increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy","note":"Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-scher-affirm-enzalutamide-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ANBL00P2: expectant observation as primary therapy for neuroblastoma in young infants","note":"Nuchtern JG, London WB, Barnewolt CE, et al. Annals of Surgery.","from":"paper-anbl00p2-expectant-observation-nuchtern-ann-surg-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Benefits of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with serosal invasion in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials","note":"Sun J, Song Y, Wang Z, et al. BMC cancer.","from":"paper-sun-bmc-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cancer: a de-repression of a default survival program common to all cells?: a life-history perspective on the nature of cancer","note":"Vincent M. BioEssays.","from":"paper-vincent-bioessays","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Causes, consequences, and remedies for growth-induced solid stress in murine and human tumors","note":"Stylianopoulos T, Martin JD, Chauhan VP, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.","from":"paper-stylianopoulos-proc-natl-acad-sci-u-s-a","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CLASSIC: adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy","note":"Bang YJ, Kim YW, Yang HK, et al. The Lancet.","from":"paper-classic-adjuvant-capox-gastric-bang-lancet-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Clinical practice guidelines for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)","note":"Thakker RV, Newey PJ, Walls GV, et al. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.","from":"paper-thakker-j-clin-endocrinol-metab","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Clonal evolution in cancer","note":"Greaves M, Maley CC. Nature.","from":"paper-greaves-nature","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"COG P9641: surgery alone or with restricted chemotherapy for low-risk neuroblastoma","note":"Strother DR, London WB, Schmidt ML, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-p9641-low-risk-neuroblastoma-strother-jco-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Colonoscopic polypectomy and long-term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths (National Polyp Study)","note":"Zauber AG, Winawer SJ, O'Brien MJ, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-zauber-national-polyp-study-colonoscopic-polypectomy-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"COMFORT-I: ruxolitinib, the first JAK inhibitor, versus placebo for myelofibrosis","note":"Verstovsek S, Mesa RA, Gotlib J, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-comfort-1-ruxolitinib-myelofibrosis-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"COMFORT-II: JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib versus best available therapy for myelofibrosis","note":"Harrison C, Kiladjian JJ, Al-Ali HK, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-comfort-ii-ruxolitinib-best-available-therapy-harrison-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Comparisons between different polychemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer: meta-analyses of long-term outcome among 100,000 women in 123 randomised trials","note":"Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG), Peto R, Davies C, et al. The Lancet.","from":"paper-ebctcg-polychemotherapy-regimens-meta-analysis-lancet-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers","note":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Nature.","from":"paper-tcga-lung-squamous-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer","note":"Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Nature.","from":"paper-tcga-colorectal-comprehensive-characterization-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours","note":"Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Nature.","from":"paper-tcga-breast-molecular-portraits-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CROSS: preoperative chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal or junctional cancer","note":"van Hagen P, Hulshof MC, van Lanschot JJ, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-cross-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Drug development: Raise standards for preclinical cancer research","note":"Begley CG, Ellis LM. Nature.","from":"paper-begley-nature","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Early- and long-term outcome data of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei from appendiceal origin treated by a strategy of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermi...","note":"Chua TC, Moran BJ, Sugarbaker PH, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-chua-j-clin-oncol","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus folinic acid or gemcitabine vs observation on survival in patients with resected periampullary adenocarci...","note":"Neoptolemos JP, Moore MJ, Cox TF, et al. JAMA.","from":"paper-neoptolemos-jama","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in women with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer (NeoSphere): a...","note":"Gianni L, Pienkowski T, Im YH, et al. The Lancet Oncology.","from":"paper-neosphere-lancet-oncol-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer","note":"Misale S, Yaeger R, Hobor S, et al. Nature.","from":"paper-misale-kras-acquired-resistance-anti-egfr-colorectal-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ERIVANCE BCC: efficacy and safety of vismodegib in advanced basal cell carcinoma","note":"Sekulic A, Migden MR, Oro AE, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-erivance-vismodegib-sekulic-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (EURTAC): a...","note":"Rosell R, Carcereny E, Gervais R, et al. The Lancet Oncology.","from":"paper-egfr-nsclc-lancet-oncol-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"EsPhALL: imatinib after induction for children and adolescents with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","note":"Biondi A, Schrappe M, De Lorenzo P, et al. The Lancet Oncology.","from":"paper-esphall-imatinib-biondi-lancet-oncol-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer","note":"Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-bolero-2-n-engl-j-med-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Exome sequencing identifies recurrent SPOP, FOXA1 and MED12 mutations in prostate cancer","note":"Barbieri CE, Baca SC, Lawrence MS, et al. Nature Genetics.","from":"paper-barbieri-spop-foxa1-med12-prostate-nat-genet-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"FIRM-ACT: combination chemotherapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma","note":"Fassnacht M, Terzolo M, Allolio B, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-firm-act-edp-mitotane-adrenocortical-carcinoma-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Gerlinger: a single biopsy misses most of the mutations in a kidney tumour","note":"Gerlinger M, Rowan AJ, Horswell S, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-gerlinger-intratumour-heterogeneity-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces acute chemotherapy-induced nausea: a URCC CCOP study of 576 patients","note":"Ryan JL, Heckler CE, Roscoe JA, et al. Supportive care in cancer.","from":"paper-ryan-support-care-cancer","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Identification of Lynch syndrome among patients with colorectal cancer","note":"Moreira L, Balaguer F, Lindor N, et al. JAMA.","from":"paper-moreira-lynch-syndrome-identification-jama-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasms (ICPN) of the gallbladder (neoplastic polyps, adenomas, and papillary neoplasms that are at least 1.0 cm): clinicop...","note":"Adsay V, Jang KT, Roa JC, et al. American Journal of Surgical Pathology.","from":"paper-adsay-icpn-gallbladder-ajsp-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"La Rosa 2012: clinicopathologic study of 62 acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas","note":"La Rosa S, Adsay V, Albarello L, et al. American Journal of Surgical Pathology.","from":"paper-la-rosa-acinar-cell-carcinoma-62-cases-ajsp-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Melatonin as adjuvant cancer care with and without chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","note":"Seely D, Wu P, Fritz H, et al. Integrative cancer therapies.","from":"paper-seely-integr-cancer-ther","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: the current consensus","note":"Taylor MD, Northcott PA, Korshunov A, et al. Acta Neuropathologica.","from":"paper-taylor-medulloblastoma-consensus-acta-neuropathol-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"MYC pathway activation in triple-negative breast cancer is synthetic lethal with CDK inhibition","note":"Horiuchi D, Kusdra L, Huskey NE, et al. Journal of Experimental Medicine.","from":"paper-horiuchi-myc-tnbc-cdk-synthetic-lethal-jem-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"NOA-08: temozolomide alone versus radiotherapy alone for malignant astrocytoma in the elderly","note":"Wick W, Platten M, Meisner C, et al. The Lancet Oncology.","from":"paper-noa-08-temozolomide-vs-radiotherapy-elderly-wick-lancet-oncol-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pancreatic cancer genomes reveal aberrations in axon guidance pathway genes","note":"Biankin AV, Waddell N, Kassahn KS, et al. Nature.","from":"paper-biankin-pancreatic-exomes-axon-guidance-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pardoll 2012: the blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","note":"Pardoll DM. Nature Reviews Cancer.","from":"paper-pardoll-immune-checkpoint-blockade-nrc-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer","note":"Baselga J, Cortés J, Kim SB, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-cleopatra-n-engl-j-med-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pre-operative nutrition support in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery","note":"Burden S, Todd C, Hill J, et al. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.","from":"paper-burden-cochrane-database-syst-rev","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Presence of somatic mutations in most early-stage pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia","note":"Kanda M, Matthaei H, Wu J, et al. Gastroenterology.","from":"paper-kanda-panin-1-somatic-mutations-gastroenterology-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Publication of NIH funded trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: cross sectional analysis","note":"Ross JS, Tse T, Zarin DA, et al. BMJ.","from":"paper-ross-bmj","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Recurrent R-spondin fusions in colon cancer","note":"Seshagiri S, Stawiski EW, Durinck S, et al. Nature.","from":"paper-seshagiri-rspo-fusions-colon-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Regulatory review of novel therapeutics--comparison of three regulatory agencies","note":"Downing NS, Aminawung JA, Shah ND, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-downing-n-engl-j-med","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ROS1 rearrangements define a unique molecular class of lung cancers","note":"Bergethon K, Shaw AT, Ou SH, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-bergethon-ros1-rearrangements-lung-jco-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Russell, Peng and Bell 2012: the field states its own problems","note":"Russell SJ, Peng KW, Bell JC. Nature Biotechnology.","from":"paper-russell-peng-bell-oncolytic-virotherapy-natbiotech-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer","note":"Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-brahmer-anti-pd-l1-phase-1-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Screening older cancer patients: first evaluation of the G-8 geriatric screening tool","note":"Bellera CA, Rainfray M, Mathoulin-Pélissier S, et al. Annals of Oncology.","from":"paper-bellera-ann-oncol","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Sequential treatment with rituximab followed by CHOP chemotherapy in adult B-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD): the prospective internati...","note":"Trappe R, Oertel S, Leblond V, et al. The Lancet Oncology.","from":"paper-trappe-lancet-oncol","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Siegel 2012: Cancer statistics, 2012","note":"Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.","from":"paper-siegel-cancer-statistics-2012-cacancer-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Soy food intake after diagnosis of breast cancer and survival: an in-depth analysis of combined evidence from cohort studies of US and Chinese women","note":"Nechuta SJ, Caan BJ, Chen WY, et al. The American journal of clinical nutrition.","from":"paper-nechuta-am-j-clin-nutr","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"SSG XVIII/AIO: one versus three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumour","note":"Joensuu H, Eriksson M, Sundby Hall K, et al. JAMA.","from":"paper-ssg-xviii-adjuvant-imatinib-joensuu-jama-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Temozolomide versus standard 6-week radiotherapy versus hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients older than 60 years with glioblastoma: the Nordic randomised...","note":"Malmström A, Grønberg BH, Marosi C, et al. The Lancet Oncology.","from":"paper-malmstrom-lancet-oncol","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review","note":"Independent UK Panel on Breast Cancer Screening. The Lancet.","from":"paper-independent-uk-panel-on-breast-cancer-lancet","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The clonal and mutational evolution spectrum of primary triple-negative breast cancers","note":"Shah SP, Roth A, Goya R, et al. Nature.","from":"paper-shah-tnbc-clonal-evolution-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers","note":"Diaz LA, Williams RT, Wu J, et al. Nature.","from":"paper-diaz-molecular-evolution-egfr-resistance-colorectal-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The mutational landscape of lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer","note":"Grasso CS, Wu YM, Robinson DR, et al. Nature.","from":"paper-grasso-mutational-landscape-lethal-crpc-nature-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangement, ERG expression and prostate cancer outcomes: a cohort study and meta-analysis","note":"Pettersson A, Graff RE, Bauer SR, et al. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention.","from":"paper-pettersson-tmprss2-erg-outcome-meta-analysis-cebp-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Topalian 2012: the first large trial of a PD-1 antibody shows durable responses across melanoma, lung and kidney cancer","note":"Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-topalian-anti-pd1-nejm-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"USPSTF 2012: screening for prostate cancer, recommendation statement (grade D)","note":"Moyer VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine.","from":"paper-moyer-uspstf-prostate-screening-ann-intern-med-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ZETA: vandetanib in locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer","note":"Wells SA, Robinson BG, Gagel RF, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.","from":"paper-zeta-vandetanib-mtc-wells-jco-2012","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"A phase II study of concurrent cetuximab–cisplatin and intensity-modulated radiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma","note":"Annals of Oncology","from":"anthony-chan","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selective digestive decontamination using oral gentamicin and oral polymyxin E for eradication of carbap...","note":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol","from":"shlomi-codish","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Adoptive cell therapy for melanoma","note":"Cancer Journal","from":"patrick-hwu","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Annual change in pulmonary function and clinical phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","note":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","from":"yasuyuki-nasuhara","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"BAYPAN study: a double-blind phase III randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus sorafenib and gemcitabine plus placebo in patients with advanced pancreatic c...","note":"Annals of Oncology","from":"anthony-goncalves","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Bortezomib induction and maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the randomized phase III HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 trial","note":"JCO","from":"pieter-sonneveld","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Burkitt lymphoma in UGANDA, the legacy of Denis Burkitt and an update on the disease status","note":"British Journal of Haematology","from":"jackson-orem","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cancer cachexia: mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways","note":"Cell Metabolism","from":"tobias-janowitz","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cancer immunotherapy via dendritic cells","note":"Nature Reviews Cancer","from":"karolina-palucka","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Central nervous system (CNS) tumor trends in children in a western Canadian province: a population-based 22-year retrospective study","note":"Journal of Neurology","from":"kent-stobart","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"keith-flaherty","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Differential expression of sprouty genes in hepatocellular carcinoma","note":"Journal of Surgical Oncology","from":"yongyut-sirivatanauksorn","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Differential oestrogen receptor binding is associated with clinical outcome in breast cancer","note":"Nature","from":"jason-carroll","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Does longitudinal strain predict left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction?","note":"Echocardiography","from":"renaldas-jurkevicius","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Donor versus no-donor comparison of newly diagnosed myeloma patients included in the HOVON-50 multiple myeloma study","note":"Blood","from":"nicolaas-schaap","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Doxil, the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned","note":"Journal of Controlled Release","from":"yechezkel-barenholz","refs":["alberto-gabizon"]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"EGFR-mediated re-activation of MAPK signaling contributes to insensitivity of BRAF mutant colorectal cancers to RAF inhibition with vemurafenib","note":"Cancer Discovery","from":"ryan-corcoran","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making","note":"Annals of Oncology","from":"andres-cervantes","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Focal therapy for localised prostate cancer: a phase I/II trial","note":"Lancet Oncology","from":"hashim-ahmed","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma","note":"Genome Research","from":"matthew-meyerson","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Genomic landscape of non-small cell lung cancer in smokers and never-smokers","note":"Cell","from":"ramaswamy-govindan","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Hedgehog pathway inhibitor saridegib (IPI-926) increases lifespan in a mouse medulloblastoma model","note":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","from":"brandon-wainwright","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib mesylate for plexiform neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: a phase 2 trial","note":"The Lancet Oncology","from":"d-wade-clapp","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Improved equations estimating GFR in children with chronic kidney disease using an immunonephelometric determination of cystatin C","note":"Kidney International","from":"susan-furth","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Improved survival for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia between 1990 and 2005: a report from the Children's Oncology Group","note":"JCO","from":"stephen-hunger","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of osteonecrosis of the jaw: integrated analysis from three blinded active-controlled phase III trials in cancer patients...","note":"Annals of Oncology","from":"takahashi-shunji","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"howard-scher","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Initial analysis of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer mesothelioma database","note":"Journal of Thoracic Oncology","from":"valerie-rusch","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib versus best available therapy for myelofibrosis (COMFORT-II)","note":"NEJM","from":"claire-harrison","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Ki-67: level of evidence and methodological considerations for its role in the clinical management of breast cancer: analytical and critical review","note":"Breast Cancer Res Treat","from":"daniel-serin","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"KIF5B-RET fusions in lung adenocarcinoma","note":"Nature Medicine","from":"kohno-takashi","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Metabolic regulation in pluripotent stem cells during reprogramming and self-renewal","note":"Cell Stem Cell","from":"michael-teitell","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"MicroRNA expression profile associated with response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer patients","note":"Radiation Oncology","from":"marek-svoboda","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Murine anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3F8 combined with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and 13-cis-retinoic acid in high-risk patients with stage...","note":"JCO","from":"nai-kong-cheung","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia","note":"NEJM","from":"steven-treon","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Myelodysplastic syndromes: revisiting the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in disease pathogenesis","note":"International Journal of Hematology","from":"marc-raaijmakers","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"New concepts and best practices for management of pre- and post-transplantation cancer","note":"Transplantation Reviews","from":"josep-maria-campistol","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Novel Agents and Approaches for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma","note":"Journal of Urology","from":"robert-figlin","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Olaparib maintenance therapy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer (Study 19)","note":"NEJM","from":"jonathan-ledermann","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Oncolytic virotherapy","note":"Nature Biotechnology","from":"stephen-russell","refs":["john-bell"]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (PALETTE)","note":"Lancet","from":"winette-van-der-graaf","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Personalized medicine in a phase I clinical trials program: the MD Anderson Cancer Center initiative","note":"Clinical Cancer Research","from":"razelle-kurzrock","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Phase III trial of adjuvant capecitabine/cisplatin with or without radiotherapy in D2-resected gastric cancer (ARTIST)","note":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","from":"kang-won-ki","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal or Junctional Cancer","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"h-m-w-verheul","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer (CROSS)","note":"NEJM","from":"jan-van-lanschot","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Randomized Phase II Trial of Everolimus in Combination With Tamoxifen in Patients With Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negat...","note":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","from":"thomas-bachelot","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Recurring founder mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in ethnically diverse Jewish populations","note":"Breast Cancer Research and Treatment","from":"eitan-friedman","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Reduced-intensity chemotherapy and PET-guided radiotherapy in patients with advanced stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD15 trial): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 no...","note":"Lancet","from":"andreas-engert","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Complex Tumors: Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes","note":"European Urology","from":"georges-pascal-haber","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"suzanne-topalian","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Sensing of cell death by myeloid C-type lectin receptors","note":"Current Opinion in Immunology","from":"caetano-reis-e-sousa","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Strategies of radioiodine ablation in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer (ESTIMABL1)","note":"NEJM","from":"martin-schlumberger","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Targeting Epigenetic Readers in Cancer","note":"New England Journal of Medicine","from":"brian-huntly","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","note":"Nature Reviews Cancer","from":"drew-pardoll","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa) interaction is a therapeutic target for human solid tumors","note":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","from":"irving-weissman","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The Crucial Role of Clinician Engagement in System-Wide Quality Improvement: The Cancer Care Ontario Experience","note":"Healthcare Quarterly","from":"jon-irish","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups (METABRIC)","note":"Nature","from":"carlos-caldas","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Treatment of older patients with mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL Elderly)","note":"NEJM","from":"martin-dreyling","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Brentuximab Vedotin for the Treatment of Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma or Relapsed Systemic Anaplastic Large-Cel...","note":"Clinical Cancer Research","from":"r-angelo-de-claro","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR","note":"Nature","from":"rene-bernards","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ΔNp63α represses anti-proliferative genes via H2A.Z deposition","note":"Genes & Development","from":"leif-ellisen","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"G8 geriatric screening tool","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"g8-geriatric-screening","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Hedgehog pathway inhibitors","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"hedgehog-inhibitors","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Multiparametric prostate MRI (PI-RADS)","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"mp-mri","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Solid stress and tumour mechanobiology models","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"tumour-mechanics-models","refs":[]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"A Trial of Intravenous Denileukin Diftitox in Stage III or IV Ovarian Cancer reported","from":"nct00880360","refs":["ovarian","denileukin-diftitox"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"AEWS0031 reported","note":"Five-year event-free survival 73 percent with two-weekly (interval-compressed) chemotherapy against 65 percent with three-weekly chemotherapy (p 0.048), with similar toxicity.","from":"aews0031","refs":["ewing-sarcoma","sarcoma","childhood-cancers","vincristine"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"AFFIRM reported","note":"Median overall survival 18.4 against 13.6 months (hazard ratio 0.63, 95 percent confidence interval 0.53 to 0.75) after docetaxel; PSA fall of 50 percent or more in 54 against 2 pe...","from":"affirm","refs":["prostate","prostate-mcrpc","enzalutamide"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ALFA-0701 reported","note":"EFS 17.3 vs 9.5 months; HR 0.56.","from":"alfa-0701","refs":["aml","gemtuzumab-ozogamicin","cytarabine-7-3"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Alliance N0147 reported","note":"Three-year disease-free survival 71.5 with cetuximab against 74.6 percent without, in KRAS wild-type disease.","from":"n0147","refs":["colorectal","colon-cancer","cetuximab","folfox"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"BOLERO-2 reported","note":"Everolimus plus exemestane more than doubled progression-free survival compared with exemestane alone; approved in July 2012.","from":"bolero-2","refs":["breast-hr-positive","hr-positive-metastatic-post-cdk46","breast-cancer","everolimus"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CALGB 90401 reported","note":"Median overall survival 22.6 against 21.5 months (hazard ratio 0.91, 95 percent confidence interval 0.78 to 1.05, p=0.181) despite progression-free survival 9.9 against 7.5 months...","from":"calgb-90401","refs":["prostate","prostate-mcrpc","bevacizumab","docetaxel"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cediranib (AZD2171, RECENTIN™) in Addition to Chemotherapy in Patients With Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer reported","from":"nct00399035","refs":["colorectal","cediranib","folfox","leucovorin"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Cediranib in Combination With Lomustine Chemotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma reported","from":"nct00777153","refs":["glioblastoma","cediranib"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CLASSIC reported","note":"Three-year disease-free survival 74 percent with adjuvant CAPOX against 59 percent with surgery alone (hazard ratio 0.56, p < 0.0001); five-year overall survival 78 against 69 perc...","from":"classic","refs":["gastric","capecitabine","oxaliplatin"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"COMFORT-I reported","note":"Spleen volume reduction of 35 percent or more at 24 weeks in 41.9 percent of patients on ruxolitinib against 0.7 percent on placebo; approved in the United States in November 2011.","from":"comfort-i","refs":["primary-myelofibrosis","myeloproliferative-neoplasms","ruxolitinib"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"COMFORT-II reported","note":"Spleen volume reduction of at least 35 percent at week 48 in 28 percent of patients on ruxolitinib against 0 percent on best available therapy; European approval in 2012.","from":"comfort-ii","refs":["primary-myelofibrosis","myeloproliferative-neoplasms","ruxolitinib"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"CROSS reported","note":"10-year OS 38% vs 25%; median OS 49.4 vs 24.0 months.","from":"cross","refs":["esophageal","oesophageal-squamous-cell-carcinoma","oesophageal-adenocarcinoma","gastric"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ENTHUSE M1 reported","note":"Median overall survival 24.5 against 22.5 months (hazard ratio 0.87, 95.2 percent confidence interval 0.69 to 1.10, p=0.240): not significant, with peripheral oedema in 44 percent...","from":"enthuse-m1-zibotentan","refs":["prostate","prostate-mcrpc","zibotentan"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 10801 reported","note":"At a median 22.1 years, time to distant metastasis hazard ratio 1.13 (0.92 to 1.38) and time to death 1.11 (0.94 to 1.33) for conservation against mastectomy; twenty-year overall s...","from":"eortc-10801","refs":["breast-cancer","breast-hr-positive","breast-her2-positive","tnbc"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 22911 reported","note":"Biochemical progression-free survival hazard ratio 0.49 (95 percent confidence interval 0.41 to 0.59) at a median 10.6 years, but no maintained clinical progression-free survival b...","from":"eortc-22911","refs":["prostate","prostate-high-risk","prostate-bcr"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ERIVANCE BCC reported","note":"Objective response 43% in locally advanced and 30% in metastatic basal cell carcinoma (independent review).","from":"erivance","refs":["locally-advanced-bcc","basal-cell-carcinoma","skin-cancer","vismodegib"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"EXAM reported","note":"Cabozantinib lengthened progression-free survival compared with placebo in progressive medullary thyroid cancer; approved in November 2012.","from":"exam","refs":["medullary-thyroid-cancer","thyroid","cabozantinib"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"HiLo reported","note":"Ablation success 85.0% (1.1 GBq) vs 88.9% (3.7 GBq), non-inferior.","from":"hilo","refs":["thyroid"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"I-SPY 1 (CALGB 150007/150012, ACRIN 6657) reported","note":"Pathological complete response and early MRI volume change predicted recurrence-free survival, most strongly in triple-negative, HER2-positive and MammaPrint high-risk tumours.","from":"i-spy-1","refs":["breast-cancer","tnbc","breast-her2-positive","paclitaxel"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Investigation of the Effect of Degarelix in Terms of Prostate Volume Reduction in Prostate Cancer Patients reported","from":"nct00884273","refs":["prostate","degarelix","goserelin","bicalutamide"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"MoleMate UK Trial reported","note":"No difference in the appropriateness of referral (56.8 percent against 64.5 percent) and more lesions referred with the device (29.8 percent against 22.4 percent) (BMJ 2012).","from":"molemate","refs":["melanoma","skin-cancer"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"National Polyp Study reported","note":"Standardised incidence-based mortality ratio 0.47 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.80) after polypectomy, a 53 percent reduction in deaths from colorectal cancer.","from":"national-polyp-study","refs":["colorectal"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Neoadjuvant Study Investigating Degarelix in Patients Suffering From Prostate Cancer reported","from":"nct00833248","refs":["prostate","degarelix","goserelin","bicalutamide"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"NeoSphere reported","note":"Pertuzumab added to trastuzumab and docetaxel raised the pathological complete response rate in HER2-positive breast cancer; neoadjuvant pertuzumab received accelerated approval in...","from":"neosphere","refs":["her2-positive-early-breast-cancer","breast-her2-positive","pertuzumab","trastuzumab"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"NOA-08 reported","note":"Median overall survival 8.6 months with temozolomide against 9.6 months with radiotherapy (hazard ratio 1.09, non-inferior); MGMT-methylated tumours did better with temozolomide an...","from":"noa-08","refs":["glioblastoma","idh-mutant-astrocytoma","brain-tumours","temozolomide"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Safety and Efficacy Study of Catumaxomab to Treat Ovarian Cancer After a Complete Response to Chemotherapy reported","from":"nct00377429","refs":["ovarian","catumaxomab"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"SSGXVIII/AIO (adjuvant imatinib in GIST) reported","note":"RFS HR 0.46; OS HR 0.45 (5 years).","from":"ssgxviii","refs":["sarcoma","imatinib"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Olaparib When Given in Combination With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel, Compared With Carboplatin and Paclitax reported","from":"nct01081951","refs":["ovarian","platinum-sensitive-ovarian-cancer","olaparib","paclitaxel"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"TIME2 reported","note":"No significant difference in breathlessness over 42 days (24.7 against 24.4 mm on a 100 mm scale, difference 0.16 mm, p=0.96); fewer hospital days with the catheter.","from":"time2","refs":["nsclc","sclc","lung-cancer","pleural-mesothelioma"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"TUMORAPA (switching from a calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus after a transplant skin cancer) reported","note":"New cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in 22 per cent of patients switched to sirolimus against 39 per cent continuing calcineurin inhibitors (relative risk 0.56, 95 per cent confid...","from":"tumorapa","refs":["cutaneous-scc","skin-cancer","sirolimus"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"VELOUR reported","note":"Median overall survival 13.50 against 12.06 months (hazard ratio 0.817).","from":"velour","refs":["colorectal","ziv-aflibercept","folfiri","irinotecan"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2012","precision":"year","title":"ZETA reported","note":"Vandetanib prolonged progression-free survival over placebo in advanced medullary thyroid cancer; approved in April 2011 as the first drug for the disease.","from":"zeta","refs":["medullary-thyroid-cancer","thyroid","vandetanib"]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2012-06-08","precision":"day","title":"Pertuzumab: approval (US)","note":"First-line metastatic (CLEOPATRA)","from":"pertuzumab","refs":[]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2012-07","precision":"month","title":"Cetuximab: label change (US)","note":"Label restricted to KRAS wild-type; first-line FOLFIRI indication (CRYSTAL)","from":"cetuximab","refs":[]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2012-12-14","precision":"day","title":"Ponatinib: approval (US)","note":"Resistant CML/Ph+ ALL","from":"ponatinib","refs":[]}]},"route":"/years/2012/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"2011","kind":"year","name":"2011 in oncology","route":"/years/2011/"},{"id":"2013","kind":"year","name":"2013 in oncology","route":"/years/2013/"}]}}