{"entity":{"id":"2013","kind":"year","name":"2013 in oncology","aka":["2013"],"tldr":"Everything OnCo dates to 2013: 274 entries, 65 landmarks, 59 papers, 59 papers listed on people's pages and 31 approvals. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second copy of it.","summary":"274 dated entries in OnCo fall in 2013: 65 landmarks, 59 papers, 59 papers listed on people's pages, 31 approvals, 30 trials reported, 13 companies founded, 5 journals founded, 5 regulatory events, 4 technologies, 2 laws and regulations and 1 guideline change.\n\nOf those, 5 to the day, 1 to the month and 268 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source it was read from gives; regulatory events and the readout calendar are the parts that carry a full date.\n\nEverything on this page is generated from the other records. It holds no fact of its own, and it changes when they do.","asOf":"2026-09-25","links":[],"tags":[],"related":["2012","2014"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader is src/lib/years.ts."],"year":2013,"events":[{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Afatinib approved in EU","note":"EU brand Giotrif","from":"afatinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Afatinib approved in US","note":"First-line metastatic NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 del or L858R","from":"afatinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Bosutinib approved in EU","note":"Ph+ CML","from":"bosutinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 approved in US","note":"EGFR exon 19 deletion / L858R companion diagnostic for erlotinib (v1)","from":"cobas-egfr-mutation-test","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Dabrafenib approved in EU","note":"BRAF V600 melanoma; later NSCLC and adjuvant melanoma with trametinib","from":"dabrafenib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Dabrafenib approved in US","note":"BRAF V600E unresectable or metastatic melanoma (single agent)","from":"dabrafenib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Defibrotide approved in EU","note":"Severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease after HSCT in patients over one month (Defitelio)","from":"defibrotide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Denosumab approved in US","note":"Giant cell tumour of bone; hypercalcaemia of malignancy (2014); multiple myeloma (2018)","from":"denosumab","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Erlotinib approved in US","note":"First-line NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 del or L858R","from":"erlotinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel approved in US","note":"First-line metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (nab-paclitaxel label)","from":"gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Ibrutinib approved in US","note":"Relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (accelerated); first BTK inhibitor","from":"ibrutinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Lipegfilgrastim approved in EU","note":"Reduction in duration of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy in adults (children from 2 years added 2021)","from":"lipegfilgrastim","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Mechlorethamine (chlormethine) approved in US","note":"Topical treatment of stage IA and IB mycosis fungoides-type CTCL after skin-directed therapy (Valchlor)","from":"mechlorethamine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Nab-paclitaxel approved in US","note":"First-line metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with gemcitabine (MPACT). FDA label (DailyMed)","from":"nab-paclitaxel","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Obinutuzumab approved in US","note":"Previously untreated CLL with chlorambucil (CLL11)","from":"obinutuzumab","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Pertuzumab approved in US","note":"Neoadjuvant HER2+ early breast cancer (accelerated; first pCR-based approval)","from":"pertuzumab","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Pomalidomide approved in EU","note":"Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma","from":"pomalidomide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Pomalidomide approved in US","note":"Multiple myeloma after ≥2 therapies including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor","from":"pomalidomide","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Prosigna (PAM50) approved in US","note":"Prognosis of distant recurrence in postmenopausal HR+ early breast cancer (510(k))","from":"prosigna","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Radium-223 dichloride approved in US","note":"Symptomatic bone-metastatic CRPC without visceral disease","from":"radium-223","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Regorafenib approved in EU","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer after available therapies. Stivarga marketing authorisation issued 26 August 2013.","from":"regorafenib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Regorafenib approved in US","note":"GIST after imatinib and sunitinib","from":"regorafenib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Sipuleucel-T approved in EU","note":"Same (withdrawn 2015 for commercial reasons)","from":"sipuleucel-t","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Sorafenib approved in US","note":"Radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer","from":"sorafenib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Technetium-99m tilmanocept approved in US","note":"Lymphatic mapping with a handheld gamma counter in breast cancer and melanoma","from":"tilmanocept-tc99m","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"therascreen companion diagnostic kits (KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, FGFR, BRAF) approved in US","note":"therascreen EGFR: afatinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC","from":"therascreen-cdx","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Trametinib approved in US","note":"BRAF V600E/K unresectable or metastatic melanoma (single agent)","from":"trametinib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Trastuzumab emtansine approved in US","note":"HER2+ metastatic breast cancer after trastuzumab and taxane","from":"trastuzumab-emtansine","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Vismodegib approved in EU","note":"Same","from":"vismodegib","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Ziv-aflibercept approved in EU","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to or progressing after oxaliplatin, with FOLFIRI","from":"ziv-aflibercept","refs":[]},{"group":"approval","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Ziv-aflibercept approved in EU","note":"Metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to or progressing after an oxaliplatin-containing regimen, with FOLFIRI. Zaltrap marketing authorisation issued 1 February 2013.","from":"ziv-aflibercept","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CRISPR Therapeutics founded","note":"Zug","from":"crispr-therapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Dong-A ST founded","note":"Seoul","from":"dong-a-st","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"EcoR1 Capital founded","note":"San Francisco, CA","from":"ecor1-capital","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"GeneQuantum Healthcare (Suzhou) founded","note":"Suzhou","from":"genequantum-healthcare-suzhou","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Hinova Pharmaceuticals founded","note":"Chengdu","from":"hinova-pharmaceuticals","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"InventisBio founded","note":"Shanghai","from":"inventisbio","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Lantern Pharma founded","note":"Dallas, Texas","from":"lantern-pharma","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ModeX Therapeutics founded","note":"Weston, Massachusetts","from":"modex-therapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"MORE Health founded","note":"San Mateo, CA","from":"more-health","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Perimeter Medical Imaging AI founded","note":"Toronto","from":"perimeter-medical-imaging-ai","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Therapixel founded","note":"Nice","from":"therapixel","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"TILT Biotherapeutics founded","note":"Helsinki","from":"tilt-biotherapeutics","refs":[]},{"group":"company","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"XACT Robotics founded","note":"Caesarea","from":"xact-robotics","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ACT II published: mitomycin equals cisplatin, no maintenance, assess response at 26 weeks","note":"Localised anal squamous cell carcinoma (stage I to III)","from":"localised-anal-cancer","refs":["act-ii","clinical-complete-response"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ACT II: mitomycin-5-FU standard; no maintenance benefit","note":"Anal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)","from":"anal","refs":["mitomycin","fluorouracil"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ALSYMPCA: radium-223, the first alpha emitter","note":"Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","from":"prostate-mcrpc","refs":["alsympca","radium-223"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"An inherited BRCA mutation is shown to change the disease","note":"Prostate cancer. Among 2,019 men, carriers present at higher grade and stage and live 8.6 years from diagnosis against 15.7 for non-carriers, which is why a carrier's localised dis...","from":"prostate","refs":["paper-castro-germline-brca-prostate-outcomes-jco-2013","brca"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"APL0406: retinoic acid plus arsenic beats retinoic acid plus chemotherapy","note":"Acute promyelocytic leukaemia","from":"apl","refs":["tretinoin-atra","arsenic-trioxide"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ATLAS: ten years of tamoxifen beats five","note":"High-risk early HR-positive breast cancer","from":"hr-positive-early-high-risk","refs":["tamoxifen"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CALR mutations","note":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis). Klampfl and Nangalia find CALR exon 9 mutations in most JAK2-negative ET/PMF.","from":"myeloproliferative-neoplasms","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CALR mutations discovered","note":"Essential thrombocythaemia (ET). Klampfl and Nangalia find CALR exon 9 mutations in most JAK2-negative ET and myelofibrosis.","from":"essential-thrombocythaemia","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CALR mutations found in most JAK2-negative myelofibrosis","note":"Primary myelofibrosis","from":"primary-myelofibrosis","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Chinese randomised trial: adjuvant temozolomide-cisplatin beats interferon","note":"Mucosal melanoma","from":"mucosal-melanoma","refs":["temozolomide","cisplatin","interferon-alfa"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CPSS risk score for CMML","note":"Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms. Such and colleagues; CPSS-Mol adds mutations in 2016.","from":"cmml","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CYTO-PV proves the haematocrit target","note":"Polycythaemia vera (PV). Keeping the haematocrit under 45 percent gives fewer cardiovascular deaths and major clots than a 45 to 50 percent target.","from":"polycythaemia-vera","refs":["cyto-pv","haematocrit"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Dabrafenib and trametinib approved as single agents","note":"BRAF V600-mutant melanoma","from":"braf-v600-melanoma","refs":["dabrafenib","trametinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Dunleavy: dose-adjusted EPOCH-R cures 93 percent without radiotherapy (NEJM)","note":"Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma","from":"primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma","refs":["rituximab","etoposide","doxorubicin","wyndham-wilson"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ESR1 ligand-binding domain mutations found as the cause of acquired endocrine resistance","note":"HR-positive metastatic breast cancer after CDK4/6 inhibitors","from":"hr-positive-metastatic-post-cdk46","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Exome sequencing finds TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1 and SMO mutations in NF2-intact meningiomas","note":"Meningioma. Clark and colleagues (Science) and Brastianos and colleagues (Nature Genetics).","from":"meningioma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Extended RAS, and inherited proofreading failure","note":"Colorectal cancer. A further 17% of KRAS exon 2 wild-type patients in PRIME carry another RAS mutation and gain nothing from panitumumab, which moved the label to all RAS; germline...","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-douillard-prime-panitumumab-ras-nejm-2013","paper-palles-germline-pole-pold1-proofreading-nat-genet-2013","pole"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"EZH2 dependency of SMARCB1-deficient cells","note":"Epithelioid sarcoma. Knutson and colleagues, PNAS: EZH2 inhibition kills INI1-negative cells.","from":"epithelioid-sarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"FGFR2 fusions and IDH1 mutations characterised as drivers of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","note":"Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)","from":"cholangiocarcinoma","refs":["fgfr2-fusion","idh"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel (MPACT)","note":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","from":"pancreatic","refs":["gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Genomic landscape shows NOTCH1 and chromatin-remodelling mutations","note":"Adenoid cystic carcinoma","from":"adenoid-cystic-carcinoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"GRID: regorafenib approved in the third line","note":"Imatinib-resistant GIST","from":"gist-imatinib-resistant","refs":["regorafenib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Haematocrit target proven","note":"Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis). CYTO-PV: keeping haematocrit <45% cuts cardiovascular death and major thrombosis in PV.","from":"myeloproliferative-neoplasms","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Hainsworth phase 2: molecular tissue-of-origin assay-directed therapy","note":"Cancer of unknown primary, unfavourable (adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma)","from":"cup-unfavourable","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"How EGFR-mutant lung cancer escapes, counted","note":"Non-small-cell lung cancer. Rebiopsy of 155 patients: T790M in 63%, MET amplification in 5%, HER2 amplification in 13% and small-cell transformation in 3%, making rebiopsy at progr...","from":"nsclc","refs":["paper-yu-acquired-resistance-rebiopsy-egfr-ccr-2013","egfr","met"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Ibrutinib: first BTK inhibitor approved","note":"Mantle cell lymphoma. 68% response in relapsed MCL; the first indication for any BTK inhibitor.","from":"mantle-cell-lymphoma","refs":["ibrutinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"IFM 2005-01 phase 2: bortezomib-based induction and transplant lengthens survival","note":"Plasma cell leukaemia","from":"plasma-cell-leukaemia","refs":["bortezomib","autologous-stem-cell-transplant"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Imatinib approved for children with newly diagnosed Ph-positive ALL","note":"Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (Ph-positive ALL)","from":"all-paediatric-ph-positive","refs":["imatinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"International collaboration on primary urethral carcinoma","note":"Urethral cancer. Gakis and colleagues pool multi-institutional data, showing benefit of perioperative chemotherapy and defining the EAU guideline.","from":"urethral","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"LANDSCAPE: lapatinib with capecitabine shrinks untreated brain metastases","note":"HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases","from":"her2-positive-breast-brain-metastases","refs":["lapatinib","capecitabine"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"LCH-III: 12 months of therapy reduces reactivation","note":"Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Gadner and colleagues (Blood 2013).","from":"langerhans-cell-histiocytosis","refs":["vinblastine","lch-iii"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"LCH-III: twelve months of therapy halves reactivation; methotrexate adds nothing","note":"Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (with or without risk-organ involvement)","from":"lch-multisystem","refs":["lch-iii","vinblastine"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"LCH-III: twelve months of vinblastine and prednisone reduces reactivation","note":"Single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (bone, skin or one other organ)","from":"lch-single-system","refs":["lch-iii","vinblastine"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Long-term results: radiotherapy plus PCV doubles survival in codeleted tumours","note":"Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted. RTOG 9402 median 14.7 versus 7.3 years; EORTC 26951 median not reached versus 112 months (both JCO).","from":"oligodendroglioma","refs":["rtog-9402","eortc-26951"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Long-term RTOG 91-11 data show more non-cancer deaths after concurrent treatment","note":"Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer","from":"laryngeal-cancer","refs":["rtog-91-11"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Low-dose induction etoposide-cisplatin shown to reduce early deaths in ultra-high-risk disease","note":"High-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 7 or more, including ultra-high-risk)","from":"high-risk-gtn","refs":["etoposide","cisplatin"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"MPACT: gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel lengthens survival over gemcitabine","note":"Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","from":"metastatic-pdac","refs":["gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel","daniel-von-hoff","paper-mpact-nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine-nejm-2013"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"NORDIC NEC: Ki-67 below 55 percent marks a less platinum-sensitive, longer-surviving group","note":"Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour","from":"grade-3-net","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"NORDIC NEC: Ki-67 below 55 percent predicts less platinum response but longer survival","note":"Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma","from":"extrapulmonary-nec","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Obinutuzumab approved; ibrutinib debuts","note":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. CLL11 (obinutuzumab-chlorambucil) and ibrutinib's first approval (MCL).","from":"cll","refs":["obinutuzumab","ibrutinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Ostrem and Shokat describe covalent inhibitors of KRAS G12C","note":"KRAS G12C-mutant colorectal cancer","from":"kras-g12c-colorectal","refs":["kras","kras-inhibitors"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Ostrem and Shokat show the G12C cysteine can be trapped by a covalent inhibitor","note":"KRAS G12C-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","from":"kras-g12c-pdac","refs":["kevan-shokat","paper-ostrem-kras-g12c-nature-2013"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Ostrem and Shokat trap mutant G12C cysteine in the switch-II pocket","note":"KRAS G12C-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer","from":"kras-g12c-nsclc","refs":["kevan-shokat","kras","paper-ostrem-kras-g12c-nature-2013"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Pertuzumab: first approval granted on a pathological complete response endpoint","note":"Early HER2-positive breast cancer","from":"her2-positive-early-breast-cancer","refs":["pertuzumab"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Radium-223: first alpha emitter approved (ALSYMPCA)","note":"Prostate cancer","from":"prostate","refs":["radium-223","alsympca"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Regorafenib approved (GRID)","note":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)","from":"gist","refs":["regorafenib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Richter transformation described on ibrutinib, a mode of BTK inhibitor failure","note":"Richter transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","from":"richter-transformation-cll","refs":["ibrutinib"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"SIOP CNS GCT 96: craniospinal irradiation alone or chemotherapy plus focal radiotherapy for germinoma","note":"Central nervous system germ cell tumours (germinoma and non-germinomatous). Calaminus and colleagues (Neuro-Oncology): equivalent survival, more ventricular relapses with focal fie...","from":"cns-germ-cell-tumours","refs":["carboplatin","etoposide","ifosfamide"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"SIOPEL-4: dose-dense cisplatin in high-risk disease (Lancet Oncol)","note":"Hepatoblastoma","from":"hepatoblastoma","refs":["cisplatin"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"SJMB12 opens with reduced therapy for WNT patients","note":"WNT-activated medulloblastoma","from":"medulloblastoma-wnt","refs":["st-jude"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Sorafenib approved for RAI-refractory disease (DECISION); selumetinib redifferentiation proof of concept","note":"Thyroid cancer","from":"thyroid","refs":["decision-sorafenib","redifferentiation-rai"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"T-DM1: first solid-tumour ADC; pertuzumab first pCR-based approval","note":"HER2-positive breast cancer","from":"breast-her2-positive","refs":["trastuzumab-emtansine","pertuzumab"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"TCGA defines four molecular classes","note":"Endometrial cancer. POLE-ultramutated, MSI-hypermutated, copy-number low, copy-number high (p53-abnormal).","from":"endometrial","refs":["endometrial-molecular-classes"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"TCGA defines the copy-number-high, serous-like class","note":"p53-abnormal endometrial cancer, including uterine serous carcinoma","from":"endometrial-p53-abnormal","refs":["endometrial-molecular-classes","tp53"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"TCGA defines the copy-number-low class","note":"Endometrial cancer with no specific molecular profile","from":"endometrial-nsmp","refs":["endometrial-molecular-classes"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"TCGA defines the POLE-ultramutated class of endometrial cancer","note":"POLE-ultramutated endometrial cancer","from":"endometrial-pole-ultramutated","refs":["endometrial-molecular-classes"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"TCGA describes the hypermutated MSI class of endometrial cancer","note":"Mismatch-repair-deficient endometrial cancer","from":"endometrial-mmr-deficient","refs":["endometrial-molecular-classes"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"TCGA molecular classification","note":"Endometrial cancer","from":"endometrial","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"The first refractory-line drug","note":"Colorectal cancer. CORRECT: regorafenib gave 6.4 against 5.0 months after everything else had been used, the first drug approved for that setting.","from":"colorectal","refs":["paper-douillard-prime-panitumumab-ras-nejm-2013","paper-grothey-correct-regorafenib-lancet-2013"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"The three non-surgical treatments are ranked against each other","note":"Basal cell carcinoma. 601 Dutch patients randomised between photodynamic therapy, imiquimod and fluorouracil; imiquimod superior and fluorouracil non-inferior to the light treatmen...","from":"basal-cell-carcinoma","refs":["mal-pdt-imiquimod-fluorouracil-superficial-bcc"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Tissue-of-origin gene expression tests (CancerTYPE ID) enter practice","note":"Cancer of unknown primary (CUP)","from":"cancer-of-unknown-primary","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"TP53 mutation identified as the marker of very poor outcome within the SHH group","note":"SHH-activated medulloblastoma","from":"medulloblastoma-shh","refs":["tp53"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"UKALL 2003: MRD-directed reduction of therapy is safe for low-risk children","note":"Standard-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children","from":"all-paediatric-standard-risk","refs":["flow-cytometry-mrd","mrd"]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"WHO renames grade 1 limb tumours atypical cartilaginous tumours","note":"Chondrosarcoma","from":"chondrosarcoma","refs":[]},{"group":"history","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"YAP1-TFE3 fusion found in a second subset","note":"Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma","from":"epithelioid-haemangioendothelioma","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"bioRxiv founded","note":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","from":"biorxiv","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Cancer Immunology Research founded","note":"American Association for Cancer Research","from":"cancer-immunology-research","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer founded","note":"BMJ Group","from":"jitc","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Journal of cancer policy founded","note":"Elsevier","from":"journal-of-cancer-policy","refs":[]},{"group":"journal","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"The Lancet Global Health founded","note":"Elsevier","from":"lancet-global-health","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics (2013)","note":"United States, court ruling.","from":"myriad-ruling","refs":[]},{"group":"law","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Novartis v. Union of India (Glivec, 2013)","note":"India, court ruling.","from":"novartis-glivec-ruling","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy","note":"Ryan CJ, Smith MR, de Bono JS, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.","from":"paper-abiraterone-acetate-prostate-n-engl-j-med-2013","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ACT II: mitomycin or cisplatin chemoradiation with or without maintenance chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus","note":"James RD, Glynne-Jones R, Meadows HM, et al. The Lancet Oncology.","from":"paper-act-ii-anal-cancer-chemoradiation-lancet-oncol-2013","refs":[]},{"group":"paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Adjuvant temozolomide plus cisplatin versus high-dose interferon versus observation in resected mucosal melanoma","note":"Lian B, Si L, Cui C, et al. 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genes","note":"Nature","from":"gad-getz","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Non-invasive analysis of acquired resistance to cancer therapy by sequencing of plasma DNA","note":"Nature","from":"nitzan-rosenfeld","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Outcome After ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Cancer Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","note":"The American Journal of Cardiology","from":"martin-jan-schalij","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Palmar skin conductance variability and the relation to stimulation, pain and the motor activity assessment scale in intensive care unit patients","note":"Critical Care","from":"patrik-rossi","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Parathyroid Surgery in the Elderly: Should Minimally Invasive Surgery Be Abandoned?","note":"Annals of Surgical 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Trial","note":"NEJM","from":"denise-aberle","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"SF3B1 Mutations Are Associated with Alternative Splicing in Uveal Melanoma","note":"Cancer Discovery","from":"sergio-roman-roman","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer","note":"Nature","from":"ludmil-alexandrov","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Small Molecule Inhibitors of Aurora-A Induce Proteasomal Degradation of N-Myc in Childhood Neuroblastoma","note":"Cancer Cell","from":"louis-chesler","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia","note":"NEJM","from":"john-byrd","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma","note":"NEJM","from":"michael-wang","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Targeting PI3K and mTORC2 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: New strategies for overcoming resistance to VEGFR and mTORC1 inhibitors","note":"International Journal of Cancer","from":"robert-figlin","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"The basic principles of chimeric antigen receptor design","note":"Cancer Discovery","from":"michel-sadelain","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"The genetic landscape of high-risk neuroblastoma","note":"Nature Genetics","from":"trevor-pugh","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"The myth of the second remission of acute leukemia in the adult","note":"Blood","from":"stephen-forman","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"The prognostic significance of minimal residual disease in adult Egyptian patients with precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia","note":"Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute","from":"mohamed-abdel-moaty-samra","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Treatment of breast cancer patients from a public healthcare system in a private center: costs of care for a pilot public-private partnership in oncology","note":"Einstein (São Paulo)","from":"kaliks-rafael","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Tuberculous ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm","note":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg","from":"sulaiman-shahabuddin","refs":[]},{"group":"person-paper","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Use of Early Tumor Shrinkage to Predict Long-Term Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Cetuximab","note":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","from":"carsten-bokemeyer","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Actinium-225 supply: thorium stocks, accelerators and radium targets","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"actinium-225-supply","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"DPYD genotyping and DPD phenotyping before fluoropyrimidines","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"dpyd-genotyping","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Evolutionary dynamics of drug resistance","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"drug-resistance-dynamics","refs":[]},{"group":"technology","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Financial toxicity and financial navigation","note":"First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.","from":"financial-navigation","refs":[]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"153Sm-EDTMP With or Without a PSA/TRICOM Vaccine To Treat Men With Androgen-Insensitive Prostate Cancer reported","from":"nct00450619","refs":["prostate","samarium-153-lexidronam","sargramostim"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ACOSOG Z1071 (Alliance) reported","note":"False-negative rate of sentinel node surgery after chemotherapy 12.6 percent when two or more sentinel nodes were removed, above the 10 percent threshold; pathological complete nod...","from":"acosog-z1071","refs":["breast-cancer","breast-hr-positive","breast-her2-positive","tnbc"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ACT II reported","note":"Complete response about 90% with either mitomycin or cisplatin; no benefit from maintenance chemotherapy.","from":"act-ii","refs":["anal","localised-anal-cancer","mitomycin","cisplatin"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"ALSYMPCA reported","note":"OS HR 0.70.","from":"alsympca","refs":["prostate","prostate-mcrpc","radium-223"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"APL0406 reported","note":"All-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide was superior to retinoic acid plus chemotherapy for event-free and overall survival in non-high-risk APL.","from":"apl0406","refs":["apl","aml","tretinoin-atra","arsenic-trioxide"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Breast and Melanoma Trial With Lymphoseek to Identify Lymph Nodes reported","from":"nct01106040","refs":["breast-cancer","melanoma","tilmanocept-tc99m"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CONKO-001 reported","note":"Median disease-free survival 13.4 months with adjuvant gemcitabine against 6.7 months with observation (hazard ratio 0.55); five-year overall survival 20.7 against 10.4 percent (ha...","from":"conko-001","refs":["resectable-pdac","pancreatic","gemcitabine"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CORRECT reported","note":"Median overall survival 6.4 against 5.0 months (hazard ratio 0.77); grade 3 or worse hand-foot skin reaction in 17 percent.","from":"correct","refs":["colorectal","regorafenib"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"COU-AA-302 reported","note":"Median radiographic progression-free survival 16.5 against 8.3 months (hazard ratio 0.53, 95 percent confidence interval 0.45 to 0.62) and overall survival not reached against 27.2...","from":"cou-aa-302","refs":["prostate","prostate-mcrpc","abiraterone","prednisone"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"CYTO-PV reported","note":"Cardiovascular death or major thrombosis 2.7% vs 9.8% (hazard ratio 3.91 for the higher target).","from":"cyto-pv","refs":["polycythaemia-vera","myeloproliferative-neoplasms","hydroxyurea","phosphorus-32"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"DECISION reported","note":"PFS 10.8 vs 5.8 months; HR 0.59.","from":"decision-sorafenib","refs":["thyroid"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 26951 reported","note":"Median overall survival 42.3 vs 30.6 months overall; in 1p/19q co-deleted tumours not reached vs 112 months.","from":"eortc-26951","refs":["glioblastoma","brain-tumours","oligodendroglioma","lomustine"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"EORTC 40983 reported","note":"No overall survival difference at 8.5 years (hazard ratio 0.88); the earlier progression-free survival benefit stands.","from":"eortc-40983","refs":["colorectal","folfox","oxaliplatin","fluorouracil"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"GETUG-AFU 15 reported","note":"Median overall survival 58.9 against 54.2 months (hazard ratio 1.01, 95 percent confidence interval 0.75 to 1.36); no benefit found, but the trial was underpowered and CHAARTED and...","from":"getug-afu-15","refs":["prostate","prostate-mhspc","docetaxel"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"GRID reported","note":"Regorafenib lengthened progression-free survival compared with placebo in GIST after imatinib and sunitinib; approved in February 2013.","from":"grid","refs":["gist-imatinib-resistant","gist","sarcoma","regorafenib"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"LCH-III reported","note":"12 vs 6 months of vinblastine-prednisone: 5-year reactivation 37% vs 54% in risk-organ-negative disease; methotrexate added no benefit.","from":"lch-iii","refs":["langerhans-cell-histiocytosis","lch-multisystem","lch-single-system","vinblastine"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"LUX-Lung 3 reported","note":"Median progression-free survival 11.1 against 6.9 months (hazard ratio 0.58); 13.6 against 6.9 months in exon 19 deletion or L858R disease.","from":"lux-lung-3","refs":["egfr-mutant-nsclc","lung-adenocarcinoma","afatinib","cisplatin"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"MPACT reported","note":"Median overall survival 8.5 months with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine against 6.7 months with gemcitabine (hazard ratio 0.72, 95 percent confidence interval 0.62 to 0.83; p below...","from":"mpact","refs":["pancreatic","metastatic-pdac","gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel","nab-paclitaxel"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"PRIME reported","note":"In RAS wild-type disease, overall survival 26.0 against 20.2 months (hazard ratio 0.78); patients with non-exon-2 RAS mutations did worse with panitumumab.","from":"prime","refs":["colorectal","panitumumab","folfox","oxaliplatin"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"READY reported","note":"Median overall survival 21.5 against 21.2 months (stratified hazard ratio 0.99, 95.5 percent confidence interval 0.87 to 1.13, p=0.90): no benefit.","from":"ready-dasatinib","refs":["prostate","prostate-mcrpc","dasatinib","docetaxel"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"RTOG 9402 reported","note":"1p/19q co-deleted: median overall survival 14.7 vs 7.3 years.","from":"rtog-9402","refs":["glioblastoma","brain-tumours","oligodendroglioma","lomustine"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Different Dose Levels of Pasireotide in Patients With de Novo, Persistent or Recurrent Cushing's Disease reported","from":"nct00434148","refs":["pituitary-tumours","pasireotide"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"SCALOP reported","note":"Nine-month progression-free survival 62.9 percent with capecitabine-based against 51.4 percent with gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy; median overall survival 15.2 against 13.4 m...","from":"scalop","refs":["pancreatic","locally-advanced-pdac","capecitabine","gemcitabine"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"SIOPEL-4 reported","note":"Complete remission at the end of therapy in 79 percent of 62 high-risk patients; complete resection 74 percent; three-year event-free survival 76 percent and overall survival 83 pe...","from":"siopel-4","refs":["hepatoblastoma","childhood-cancers","cisplatin","doxorubicin"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"START-A (UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy, trial A) reported","note":"Ten-year local-regional relapse 6.3 percent with 41.6 Gy in thirteen fractions, 8.8 percent with 39 Gy and 7.4 percent with 50 Gy in twenty-five, with fewer late normal-tissue effe...","from":"start-a","refs":["breast-cancer","breast-hr-positive","breast-her2-positive","tnbc"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Study 201 reported","note":"CAILS response 58.5% with mechlorethamine gel against 47.7% with compounded ointment (ratio 1.23, met noninferiority); modified SWAT response 46.9% against 46.2%.","from":"study-201","refs":["cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma","mechlorethamine"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"SWOG 9346 (intermittent androgen deprivation) reported","note":"Median survival 5.8 years with continuous against 5.1 years with intermittent androgen deprivation (hazard ratio 1.10, 90 percent confidence interval 0.99 to 1.23); non-inferiority...","from":"swog-9346","refs":["prostate","prostate-mhspc"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"SWOG S0421 reported","note":"Median overall survival 17.8 against 17.6 months (hazard ratio 1.04, 95 percent confidence interval 0.90 to 1.19) and progression-free survival 9.2 against 9.1 months (1.02, 0.89 t...","from":"swog-s0421-atrasentan","refs":["prostate","prostate-mcrpc","atrasentan","docetaxel"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"Trial of Lymphoseek in Intraoperative Localization of Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer and Melanoma reported","from":"nct00671918","refs":["breast-cancer","melanoma","tilmanocept-tc99m"]},{"group":"trial","date":"2013","precision":"year","title":"XM22-03 reported","note":"Cycle 1 mean duration of severe neutropenia 0.7 days vs 0.8 days with pegfilgrastim (p = 0.126); the authors and the Lonquex product information report non-inferiority on this prim...","from":"xm22-03","refs":["breast-cancer","lipegfilgrastim","pegfilgrastim"]},{"group":"guideline","date":"2013-02","precision":"month","title":"NCCN 2012-2013 updates for HER2-positive breast cancer","note":"2 rows added. Anchored to FDA approvals of pertuzumab (June 2012, CLEOPATRA) and trastuzumab emtansine (February 2013, EMILIA).","from":"breast-her2-positive","refs":["pertuzumab","trastuzumab","cleopatra","trastuzumab-emtansine"]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2013-02-22","precision":"day","title":"Trastuzumab emtansine: approval (US)","note":"HER2+ metastatic breast cancer after trastuzumab and taxane (EMILIA); first ADC for a solid tumour","from":"trastuzumab-emtansine","refs":[]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2013-09-06","precision":"day","title":"Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel: approval (US)","note":"nab-Paclitaxel with gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer","from":"paclitaxel","refs":[]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2013-09-30","precision":"day","title":"Pertuzumab: approval (US)","note":"Neoadjuvant accelerated approval on pCR","from":"pertuzumab","refs":[]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2013-10-31","precision":"day","title":"Ponatinib: withdrawal (US)","note":"Temporary marketing suspension for arterial occlusion; returned with narrowed label December 2013","from":"ponatinib","refs":[]},{"group":"regulatory","date":"2013-11-13","precision":"day","title":"Ibrutinib: approval (US)","note":"Mantle cell lymphoma (accelerated); first BTK inhibitor","from":"ibrutinib","refs":[]}]},"route":"/years/2013/","neighbours":{"year":[{"id":"2012","kind":"year","name":"2012 in oncology","route":"/years/2012/"},{"id":"2014","kind":"year","name":"2014 in oncology","route":"/years/2014/"}]}}