{"entity":{"id":"axin1","kind":"target","name":"AXIN1","aka":["axin 1","Axin-1","PPP1R49"],"tldr":"AXIN1 (Axin-1) is a gene whose normal job is to hold cell growth in check. The public catalogues list it as a tumour suppressor, and it is called a cancer driver by mutation analysis of patient cohorts. Tied to Hepatocellular carcinoma, Oesophageal cancer, Skin cancer and 5 more.","summary":"Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signalling. Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signalling pathway and ventralise embryos, but also dorsalises embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signalling pathway. In Wnt signalling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B.\n\nOpen Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.86 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes genetic literature 0.61, affected pathway 0.94, literature 0.97, genetic association 0.71, somatic mutation 0.93). IntOGen calls it a driver in 9 cohorts (0 activating, 9 loss-of-function), covering Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:903","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:903"},{"label":"UniProt O15169","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O15169/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 8312","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8312"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000103126","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000103126"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["open-targets","intogen"],"cancers":["hcc","esophageal","skin-cancer","lung-cancer","leukaemia","oesophageal-adenocarcinoma","glioblastoma","melanoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":["hepatocellular-carcinoma-signalling"],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 9 cohorts. Evidence tier \"cohort-driver\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"AXIN1","role":["tumour-suppressor"],"evidenceTier":"cohort-driver","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:903","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:903","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt O15169","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O15169/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000103126","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000103126/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.86; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: hepatocellular carcinoma 0.79, melanoma 0.55, skin cancer 0.55, lung cancer 0.54, leukaemia 0.50 (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen AXIN1","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=AXIN1","note":"driver in 9 cohorts (Act 0, LoF 9); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:903","ensembl":"ENSG00000103126","uniprot":"O15169","entrez":"8312","biology":"Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signalling. Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signalling pathway and ventralise embryos, but also dorsalises embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signalling pathway. In Wnt signalling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B. Enhances TGF-beta signalling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting the degradation of inhibitory SMAD7. Also a component of the AXIN1-HIPK2-TP53 complex which controls cell growth, apoptosis and development. Facilitates the phosphorylation of TP53 by HIPK2 upon ultraviolet irradiation. Location: Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Membrane; Cell membrane (UniProt). Locus 16p13.3 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Hepatocellular carcinoma: Open Targets association 0.79 with hepatocellular carcinoma (MONDO_0007256); IntOGen driver in 7 cohorts (HCC)","Oesophageal cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (ESCA)","Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.55 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898)","Lung cancer: Open Targets association 0.54 with lung cancer (MONDO_0008903)","Leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.50 with leukaemia (MONDO_0005059)","Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (ESCA)"],"targetClass":"tumor-suppressor","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/axin1/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"glioblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Glioma & glioblastoma","route":"/cancers/glioblastoma/"},{"id":"hcc","kind":"cancer","name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","route":"/cancers/hcc/"},{"id":"leukaemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Leukaemia (all types)","route":"/cancers/leukaemia/"},{"id":"lung-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Lung cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/lung-cancer/"},{"id":"melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Melanoma","route":"/cancers/melanoma/"},{"id":"oesophageal-adenocarcinoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/oesophageal-adenocarcinoma/"},{"id":"esophageal","kind":"cancer","name":"Oesophageal cancer","route":"/cancers/esophageal/"},{"id":"skin-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Skin cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/skin-cancer/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"hepatocellular-carcinoma-signalling","kind":"pathway","name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (KEGG map)","route":"/pathways/hepatocellular-carcinoma-signalling/"}]}}