{"entity":{"id":"cd69","kind":"target","name":"CD69","aka":[],"tldr":"CD69 appears within hours of a lymphocyte being activated, so it is the quickest way to tell that something has just woken the immune system up. It also keeps T cells inside a tissue rather than letting them drift back to the blood.","summary":"CD69 is the earliest surface antigen induced after lymphocyte activation, appearing within hours, which makes it the standard readout for a response that has just happened rather than one that happened weeks ago. It has a second job: by opposing sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 it keeps cells from leaving a tissue, and so it is one of the markers that define tissue-resident memory T cells, the population that stays inside an organ, including inside a tumour.","asOf":"2026-10-16","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD69","links":[{"label":"HGNC:1694","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:1694"}],"tags":["immune-marker"],"related":["cd25","cd62l"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["t-cell"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"CD69","role":[],"sources":[],"specificitySources":[],"biology":"Earliest inducible surface antigen after lymphocyte activation; also retains cells in tissue by opposing S1P receptor 1.","whereFound":["Recently activated lymphocytes","Tissue-resident memory T cells"],"targetClass":"surface-antigen","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/cd69/","neighbours":{"target":[{"id":"cd25","kind":"target","name":"CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha)","route":"/targets/cd25/"},{"id":"cd62l","kind":"target","name":"CD62L","route":"/targets/cd62l/"}],"term":[{"id":"t-cell","kind":"term","name":"T cell","route":"/terms/t-cell/"},{"id":"t-cell-exhaustion-term","kind":"term","name":"T-cell exhaustion and CAR-T persistence","route":"/terms/t-cell-exhaustion-term/"}]}}