{"entity":{"id":"chemotherapy-induced-nausea-and-vomiting","kind":"term","name":"Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)","aka":["CINV","Chemotherapy nausea","Chemotherapy sickness","Emetic risk","Emetogenicity","Acute and delayed nausea and vomiting"],"tldr":"Feeling or being sick after chemotherapy. Some drugs are far more likely to cause it than others, and the anti-sickness medicines given before treatment are chosen to match that risk, so most people are spared the worst of it.","summary":"The MASCC/ESMO 2023 recommendations define the emetic risk of an intravenous anticancer drug as the risk of vomiting within the first 24 hours in patients given no antiemetic prophylaxis; high emetic risk means a risk of more than 90%, and includes cisplatin, carmustine, dacarbazine, mechlorethamine, streptozocin, cyclophosphamide above 1,500 mg/m² and anthracycline with cyclophosphamide in breast cancer. Trials score the acute phase (0 to 24 hours) and the delayed phase (24 to 120 hours) separately. Risk also depends on the patient (women and younger people are at higher risk) and on the prophylaxis given. For high-emetic-risk chemotherapy the guidelines recommend combinations of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, an NK1 receptor antagonist and olanzapine. The ASCO 2020 update found no evidence to warrant omitting dexamethasone when checkpoint inhibitors are added to chemotherapy, and checkpoint inhibitors given without chemotherapy need no routine prophylaxis.","asOf":"2026-11-11","links":[{"label":"Herrstedt et al., 2023 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: prevention of nausea and vomiting following high-emetic-risk antineoplastic agents (Support Care Cancer 2023)","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC10739516"},{"label":"Hesketh et al., Antiemetics: ASCO guideline update (J Clin Oncol 2020)","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32658626"}],"tags":["supportive-care-gaps-2026-11"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":["antiemetic-therapy"],"targets":[],"drugs":["ondansetron","aprepitant","dexamethasone","cisplatin"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"provenance":{"editedBy":"OnCo supportive care gap fill (CDC, NHSN, SHEA, Society for Endocrinology, ESMO, MASCC, ASCO, ASTCT, NCI PDQ, Europe PMC)","editedOn":"2026-11-11"},"category":"Side effects"},"route":"/terms/chemotherapy-induced-nausea-and-vomiting/","neighbours":{"technology":[{"id":"antiemetic-therapy","kind":"technology","name":"Antiemetics for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting","route":"/technologies/antiemetic-therapy/"}],"drug":[{"id":"aprepitant","kind":"drug","name":"Aprepitant (and fosaprepitant)","route":"/drugs/aprepitant/"},{"id":"cisplatin","kind":"drug","name":"Cisplatin","route":"/drugs/cisplatin/"},{"id":"dexamethasone","kind":"drug","name":"Dexamethasone","route":"/drugs/dexamethasone/"},{"id":"metoclopramide","kind":"drug","name":"Metoclopramide","route":"/drugs/metoclopramide/"},{"id":"ondansetron","kind":"drug","name":"Ondansetron","route":"/drugs/ondansetron/"}]}}