{"entity":{"id":"copy-number-variation-term","kind":"term","name":"Copy number alteration (CNA)","aka":["copy number alteration","copy-number alteration","copy number alterations","somatic copy number alteration","SCNA","CNA","copy number variation","copy-number variation","CNV"],"tldr":"A copy number alteration is a stretch of DNA that a tumour has gained extra copies of or lost, from a single gene to a whole chromosome arm.","summary":"Copy number variation is a form of structural variation in which sections of the genome are duplicated or deleted (Wikipedia); in tumours the acquired form is called a somatic copy number alteration. Arm-level and focal events are called from arrays or sequencing, and GISTIC2.0 is the standard method for finding regions amplified or deleted more often than chance across a cohort. CNA is one of TCGA's core data types and a modality in most multi-omic models.","asOf":"2026-09-24","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_number_variation","links":[{"label":"Mermel et al., GISTIC2.0 (Genome Biology 2011)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-r41"},{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_number_variation"}],"tags":["cansim-terms"],"related":["cancer-ai-vocabulary"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":["wes-wgs"],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["co-amplification","gistic"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Listed in the CanSim terms map 1.0.0 (docs/onco/terms.json, generated 2026-09-24), CC BY 4.0, attribution: CanSim project, an open, public-data-first cancer foundation-model programme; CanSim page path /terms/copy-number-alteration."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"OnCo CanSim terms wave (Wikipedia summaries, standards and project pages, GDC and FDA pages, Europe PMC)","editedOn":"2026-09-24","note":"CanSim terms map 1.0.0 (docs/onco/terms.json, generated 2026-09-24), CC BY 4.0, attribution: CanSim project, an open, public-data-first cancer foundation-model programme"},"category":"Genomics & genetics"},"route":"/terms/copy-number-variation-term/","neighbours":{"term":[{"id":"cancer-ai-vocabulary","kind":"term","name":"Cancer AI vocabulary (CanSim terms map)","route":"/terms/cancer-ai-vocabulary/"},{"id":"co-amplification","kind":"term","name":"Co-amplification and the 17q12 HER2 amplicon","route":"/terms/co-amplification/"},{"id":"gistic","kind":"term","name":"GISTIC (copy number driver detection)","route":"/terms/gistic/"}],"technology":[{"id":"wes-wgs","kind":"technology","name":"Whole-exome & whole-genome sequencing","route":"/technologies/wes-wgs/"}]}}