{"entity":{"id":"exam","kind":"trial","name":"EXAM","aka":[],"tldr":"EXAM showed that cabozantinib, which blocks RET, MET and VEGF receptors, held back progressive medullary thyroid cancer for far longer than placebo, and gave the disease its second approved targeted drug.","summary":"Medullary thyroid cancer arises from calcitonin-producing C cells and is driven by RET mutations in the hereditary and about half of sporadic cases. EXAM randomised 330 patients with documented progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer two to one to cabozantinib 140 mg daily or placebo, with progression-free survival as the primary endpoint.\n\nCabozantinib lengthened progression-free survival several-fold and produced objective responses in a substantial minority, regardless of RET mutation status, at the cost of diarrhoea, hand-foot syndrome, fatigue and hypertension. Overall survival was not significantly different in the whole population. It was approved in the United States in November 2012, following vandetanib (ZETA) as the second multikinase inhibitor for the disease; the selective RET inhibitors selpercatinib and pralsetinib have since displaced both for RET-mutant tumours.","status":"positive","asOf":"2026-09-17","links":[{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00704730","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00704730"}],"tags":["subtype-trials"],"related":[],"cancers":["medullary-thyroid-cancer","thyroid"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["cabozantinib"],"companies":["exelixis"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":["rossella-elisei"],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":["paper-exam-cabozantinib-mtc-elisei-jco-2013"],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"nct":"NCT00704730","phase":"3","setting":"Progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: cabozantinib against placebo","sponsor":"Exelixis","result":"Cabozantinib lengthened progression-free survival compared with placebo in progressive medullary thyroid cancer; approved in November 2012.","yearReported":2012,"enrolled":330,"outcomes":[]},"route":"/trials/exam/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"medullary-thyroid-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Medullary thyroid cancer","route":"/cancers/medullary-thyroid-cancer/"},{"id":"thyroid","kind":"cancer","name":"Thyroid cancer","route":"/cancers/thyroid/"}],"drug":[{"id":"cabozantinib","kind":"drug","name":"Cabozantinib","route":"/drugs/cabozantinib/"}],"company":[{"id":"exelixis","kind":"company","name":"Exelixis","route":"/companies/exelixis/"}],"person":[{"id":"rossella-elisei","kind":"person","name":"Rossella Elisei","route":"/people/rossella-elisei/"}],"paper":[{"id":"paper-exam-cabozantinib-mtc-elisei-jco-2013","kind":"paper","name":"EXAM: cabozantinib in progressive medullary thyroid cancer","route":"/key-papers/paper-exam-cabozantinib-mtc-elisei-jco-2013/"}]}}