{"entity":{"id":"gart","kind":"target","name":"GART (trifunctional purine synthesis enzyme)","aka":[],"tldr":"GART is one of the enzymes that builds purines from scratch; pemetrexed blocks it alongside thymidylate synthase, which is why the drug starves fast-growing lung and mesothelioma cells.","summary":"The trifunctional protein GART carries three activities of de novo purine synthesis, including glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase, a folate-dependent step. Pemetrexed, once polyglutamated inside cells, inhibits thymidylate synthase most strongly but also GART and dihydrofolate reductase, giving it a multi-targeted antifolate action in non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma.","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifunctional_purine_biosynthetic_protein_adenosine-3","links":[{"label":"UniProt P22102: GART","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P22102/entry"},{"label":"HGNC:4163 GART","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4163"},{"label":"ChEMBL target CHEMBL3972","url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/target/CHEMBL3972"}],"tags":[],"related":["tyms","dhfr"],"cancers":["nsclc","mesothelioma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["pemetrexed"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"notes":[],"symbol":"GART","biology":"A cytosolic enzyme of the purine pathway whose activity rises with proliferation; inhibition depletes purine nucleotides needed for DNA and RNA.","whereFound":["Proliferating cells generally","Lung adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma treated with pemetrexed"],"targetClass":"enzyme","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/gart/","neighbours":{"target":[{"id":"dhfr","kind":"target","name":"Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)","route":"/targets/dhfr/"},{"id":"tyms","kind":"target","name":"Thymidylate synthase (TYMS)","route":"/targets/tyms/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"mesothelioma","kind":"cancer","name":"Mesothelioma","route":"/cancers/mesothelioma/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"}],"drug":[{"id":"pemetrexed","kind":"drug","name":"Pemetrexed","route":"/drugs/pemetrexed/"}]}}