{"entity":{"id":"genetically-engineered-mouse-models","kind":"technology","name":"Genetically engineered mouse models","aka":[],"tldr":"Mice carrying the same mutations as human cancers so that tumours arise in the right tissue with an intact immune system; the KPC pancreatic model is the best known.","summary":"Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) use tissue-specific promoters and inducible systems to switch on oncogenes such as Kras and delete tumour suppressors such as Trp53 or Pten, so tumours develop in situ with a native stroma and immune system. The KPC pancreatic cancer model, Kras-driven lung models and Pten-null prostate models are used to study tumour evolution, immunotherapy and prevention, and CRISPR now speeds model creation. They are slow, expensive and less genetically diverse than human tumours.","status":"established","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_mouse","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_mouse"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["pancreatic","nsclc","prostate"],"sections":["drug-discovery"],"technologies":["pdx-models","organoids"],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"notes":[],"principle":"Cre-lox or inducible recombination activates or deletes cancer genes in a chosen cell type, producing autochthonous tumours over weeks to months.","strengths":["Intact immune system and native microenvironment","Tumour initiation and evolution can be studied","Test prevention and early detection"],"limitations":["Slow and costly","Few driver mutations compared with human tumours","Mouse-specific biology"]},"route":"/technologies/genetically-engineered-mouse-models/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"},{"id":"pancreatic","kind":"cancer","name":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/pancreatic/"},{"id":"prostate","kind":"cancer","name":"Prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate/"}],"section":[{"id":"drug-discovery","kind":"section","name":"Drug Discovery Platforms","route":"/fronts/drug-discovery/"}],"technology":[{"id":"organoids","kind":"technology","name":"Patient-derived organoids","route":"/technologies/organoids/"},{"id":"pdx-models","kind":"technology","name":"Patient-derived xenografts","route":"/technologies/pdx-models/"}]}}