{"entity":{"id":"genome-builds","kind":"term","name":"Genome builds: GRCh38 versus hg19 (GRCh37)","aka":["GRCh38","hg38","hg19","GRCh37","genome build","reference build","reference genome build","liftover"],"tldr":"A genome build is the version of the human reference sequence coordinates are measured against; mixing GRCh38 and the older hg19 puts variants at the wrong positions.","summary":"A reference genome is an assembly representing an organism's complete genetic sequence as a continuous string, accompanied by annotation (Wikipedia). GRCh38 (hg38), released in 2013, is the current human reference; GRCh37 (hg19) preceded it and much legacy TCGA data was aligned to it before the GDC re-harmonised everything to GRCh38. Coordinates differ between builds, so files must be lifted over or re-aligned, and the build is a mandatory provenance field.","asOf":"2026-09-24","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_genome","links":[{"label":"GRCh38.p14 assembly at NCBI Datasets","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/genome/GCF_000001405.40/"},{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_genome"}],"tags":["cansim-terms"],"related":["cancer-ai-vocabulary"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["provenance-fields","hgvs","variant-calling"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Listed in the CanSim terms map 1.0.0 (docs/onco/terms.json, generated 2026-09-24), CC BY 4.0, attribution: CanSim project, an open, public-data-first cancer foundation-model programme; CanSim page path /terms/grch38-vs-hg19."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"OnCo CanSim terms wave (Wikipedia summaries, standards and project pages, GDC and FDA pages, Europe PMC)","editedOn":"2026-09-24","note":"CanSim terms map 1.0.0 (docs/onco/terms.json, generated 2026-09-24), CC BY 4.0, attribution: CanSim project, an open, public-data-first cancer foundation-model programme"},"category":"Genomics & genetics"},"route":"/terms/genome-builds/","neighbours":{"term":[{"id":"cancer-ai-vocabulary","kind":"term","name":"Cancer AI vocabulary (CanSim terms map)","route":"/terms/cancer-ai-vocabulary/"},{"id":"ensembl-gene-id","kind":"term","name":"Ensembl gene ID","route":"/terms/ensembl-gene-id/"},{"id":"hgnc-symbol","kind":"term","name":"HGNC gene symbol","route":"/terms/hgnc-symbol/"},{"id":"hgvs","kind":"term","name":"HGVS variant nomenclature","route":"/terms/hgvs/"},{"id":"provenance-fields","kind":"term","name":"Provenance fields for research data","route":"/terms/provenance-fields/"},{"id":"star-salmon","kind":"term","name":"STAR and Salmon (RNA-seq alignment and quantification)","route":"/terms/star-salmon/"},{"id":"variant-calling","kind":"term","name":"Variant calling","route":"/terms/variant-calling/"}]}}