{"entity":{"id":"gna11","kind":"target","name":"GNA11","aka":["G protein subunit alpha 11","Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11","FBH2","FHH2","HHC2"],"tldr":"GNA11 (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11) is a gene that drives cell growth when it is altered. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Skin cancer, Lung cancer, Melanoma and 1 more.","summary":"Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signalling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signalling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding.\n\nCIViC holds 9 clinical evidence items and 0 assertions across 5 variants, naming Trametinib, Mirdametinib, Selumetinib and Cabozantinib and others. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.72 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes affected pathway 0.83, literature 0.90, genetic association 0.00, somatic mutation 0.90, animal model 0.63). IntOGen calls it a driver in 2 cohorts (2 activating, 0 loss-of-function), covering Melanoma, Uveal Melanoma. In OnCo, 1 product record names it (Darovasertib).","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:4379","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4379"},{"label":"UniProt P29992","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P29992/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 2767","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2767"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000088256","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000088256"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["civic","open-targets","intogen"],"cancers":["skin-cancer","lung-cancer","melanoma","uveal-melanoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["darovasertib"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 6 therapies; IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 2 cohorts; CIViC holds 9 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier \"clinical-evidence\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.","Diseases the sources name that have no OnCo cancer page yet, so they are not linked: Congenital Hemangioma."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"GNA11","role":["drug-target","oncogene-driver","biomarker"],"evidenceTier":"clinical-evidence","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:4379","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4379","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt P29992","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P29992/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"CIViC gene GNA11","url":"https://civicdb.org/features/2308","note":"9 evidence items, 0 assertions, 5 variants; diseases: Uveal Melanoma, Cancer, Congenital Hemangioma (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000088256","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000088256/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.72; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: melanoma 0.71, skin cancer 0.62, ocular melanoma 0.63, lung cancer 0.51 (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen GNA11","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=GNA11","note":"driver in 2 cohorts (Act 2, LoF 0); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:4379","ensembl":"ENSG00000088256","uniprot":"P29992","entrez":"2767","biology":"Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in numerous signalling cascades. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Signalling by an activated GPCR promotes GDP release and GTP binding. The alpha subunit has a low GTPase activity that converts bound GTP to GDP, thereby terminating the signal. Both GDP release and GTP hydrolysis are modulated by numerous regulatory proteins. Signalling is mediated via phospholipase C-beta-dependent inositol lipid hydrolysis for signal propagation: activates phospholipase C-beta: following GPCR activation, GNA11 activates PLC-beta (PLCB1, PLCB2, PLCB3 or PLCB4), leading to production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Location: Cell membrane; Cytoplasm (UniProt). Locus 19p13.3 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.62 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898)","Lung cancer: Open Targets association 0.51 with lung cancer (MONDO_0008903)","Melanoma: Open Targets association 0.71 with melanoma (MONDO_0005105); IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (MEL)","Uveal melanoma: Open Targets association 0.63 with ocular melanoma (MONDO_0006325); CIViC evidence names this disease"],"targetClass":"oncogene","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/gna11/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"civic","kind":"collection","name":"CIViC","route":"/collections/civic/"},{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"lung-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Lung cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/lung-cancer/"},{"id":"melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Melanoma","route":"/cancers/melanoma/"},{"id":"skin-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Skin cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/skin-cancer/"},{"id":"uveal-melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Uveal melanoma","route":"/cancers/uveal-melanoma/"}],"drug":[{"id":"darovasertib","kind":"drug","name":"Darovasertib","route":"/drugs/darovasertib/"}]}}