{"entity":{"id":"il10","kind":"target","name":"Interleukin-10 (IL10)","aka":["IL-10","interleukin 10","CSIF"],"tldr":"IL-10 is a calming signal that many immune cells release; tumours and the viruses behind them raise it to keep the immune system quiet. Oddly, the main cancer drug built on it gave more IL-10 rather than less, and failed.","summary":"IL10 (chromosome 1q32.1) encodes a major immune-regulatory cytokine with profound anti-inflammatory functions that binds a heterotetrameric receptor of IL10RA and IL10RB and signals through JAK1 to STAT3; it is produced by T cells, macrophages, mast cells and other cell types (UniProt P22301). HPV up-regulates IL-10 and TGF-beta 1 to produce a local immunosuppressive environment (Torres-Poveda et al. 2014). Pegilodecakin, a pegylated IL-10 given to stimulate CD8 T cells, was tested against FOLFOX in pancreatic cancer in phase 3 (NCT02923921); its CYPRESS-1 and CYPRESS-2 studies with PD-1 antibodies closed early because the risk-benefit ratio was unfavourable (NCT03382899, NCT03382912). The corpus's LB4330 fuses IL-10 to a Claudin 18.2 antibody, again as an agonist.","asOf":"2026-09-24","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:5962","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:5962"},{"label":"UniProt P22301","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P22301/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 3586","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3586"},{"label":"Torres-Poveda et al. 2014 (Europe PMC)","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25302175"},{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03382899","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03382899"}],"tags":["checkpoint-map"],"related":["tgfb1","macrophage"],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["lb4330"],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":["cancer-immunity-cycle","tgf-beta"],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Prevalence not recorded: HGNC and UniProt carry no positivity rates."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"OnCo checkpoint map (HGNC REST, UniProt REST, ClinicalTrials.gov v2)","editedOn":"2026-09-24"},"symbol":"IL10","role":["immune-checkpoint"],"sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:5962","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:5962","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases and cross-references"},{"label":"UniProt P22301","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P22301/entry","note":"protein name, function and tissue specificity"}],"specificitySources":[],"hgnc":"HGNC:5962","ensembl":"ENSG00000136634","uniprot":"P22301","entrez":"3586","biology":"A soluble cytokine, not a receptor; listed with the checkpoint families as a microenvironment brake because the cited review frames it so.","whereFound":["T cells, macrophages, mast cells (UniProt P22301)"],"targetClass":"other","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/il10/","neighbours":{"target":[{"id":"tgfb1","kind":"target","name":"TGFB1","route":"/targets/tgfb1/"}],"term":[{"id":"checkpoint","kind":"term","name":"Checkpoint (two meanings)","route":"/terms/checkpoint/"},{"id":"macrophage","kind":"term","name":"Macrophage","route":"/terms/macrophage/"}],"drug":[{"id":"lb4330","kind":"drug","name":"LB4330","route":"/drugs/lb4330/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"tgf-beta","kind":"pathway","name":"TGF-β signalling","route":"/pathways/tgf-beta/"},{"id":"cancer-immunity-cycle","kind":"pathway","name":"The cancer-immunity cycle","route":"/pathways/cancer-immunity-cycle/"}]}}