{"entity":{"id":"med12","kind":"target","name":"MED12","aka":["mediator complex subunit 12","Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12","CAGH45","OPA1","TRAP230","KIAA0192","ARC240","Kto","TNRC11","FGS1"],"tldr":"MED12 (Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12) is a protein that switches other genes on and off. The public catalogues list it as an oncogene driver and a tumour suppressor, and it is called a cancer driver by mutation analysis of patient cohorts. Tied to Prostate cancer, Cervical cancer, Endometrial cancer and 5 more.","summary":"Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional pre-initiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.\n\nOpen Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.69 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.97, affected pathway 0.38, genetic association 0.19, somatic mutation 0.80). IntOGen calls it a driver in 14 cohorts (9 activating, 5 loss-of-function), covering Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Low-Grade Glioma, NOS, Neuroblastoma and others.","asOf":"2026-09-23","links":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:11957","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:11957"},{"label":"UniProt Q93074","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q93074/entry"},{"label":"NCBI Gene 9968","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9968"},{"label":"Ensembl ENSG00000184634","url":"https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000184634"}],"tags":["cancer-genes-wave"],"related":["open-targets","intogen"],"cancers":["prostate","cervical","endometrial","skin-cancer","leukaemia","cll","all-leukemia","glioblastoma"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 9 cohorts; IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 5 cohorts. Evidence tier \"cohort-driver\" is the strongest of those signals.","Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.","Diseases the sources name that have no OnCo cancer page yet, so they are not linked: Low-Grade Glioma, NOS."],"provenance":{"editedBy":"scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts (CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC, UniProt)","editedOn":"2026-09-23"},"symbol":"MED12","role":["oncogene-driver","tumour-suppressor"],"evidenceTier":"cohort-driver","sources":[{"label":"HGNC HGNC:11957","url":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:11957","note":"approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)"},{"label":"UniProt Q93074","url":"https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q93074/entry","note":"protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)"},{"label":"Open Targets ENSG00000184634","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000184634/associations","note":"association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.69; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: skin cancer 0.52, leukaemia 0.51 (GraphQL API, CC0)"},{"label":"IntOGen MED12","url":"https://www.intogen.org/search?gene=MED12","note":"driver in 14 cohorts (Act 9, LoF 5); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0"}],"hgnc":"HGNC:11957","ensembl":"ENSG00000184634","uniprot":"Q93074","entrez":"9968","biology":"Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional pre-initiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. This subunit may specifically regulate transcription of targets of the Wnt signalling pathway and SHH signalling pathway. Location: Nucleus (UniProt). Locus Xq13.1 (HGNC).","whereFound":["Prostate cancer: IntOGen driver in 5 cohorts (PRAD, PROSTATE)","Cervical cancer: IntOGen driver in 2 cohorts (CESC)","Endometrial cancer: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (UCEC)","Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.52 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898)","Leukaemia: Open Targets association 0.51 with leukaemia (MONDO_0005059)","Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: IntOGen driver in 2 cohorts (CLLSLL)"],"targetClass":"transcription","prevalence":[]},"route":"/targets/med12/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"intogen","kind":"collection","name":"IntOGen","route":"/collections/intogen/"},{"id":"open-targets","kind":"collection","name":"Open Targets Platform","route":"/collections/open-targets/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"all-leukemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","route":"/cancers/all-leukemia/"},{"id":"cervical","kind":"cancer","name":"Cervical cancer","route":"/cancers/cervical/"},{"id":"cll","kind":"cancer","name":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","route":"/cancers/cll/"},{"id":"endometrial","kind":"cancer","name":"Endometrial cancer","route":"/cancers/endometrial/"},{"id":"glioblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Glioma & glioblastoma","route":"/cancers/glioblastoma/"},{"id":"leukaemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Leukaemia (all types)","route":"/cancers/leukaemia/"},{"id":"prostate","kind":"cancer","name":"Prostate cancer","route":"/cancers/prostate/"},{"id":"skin-cancer","kind":"cancer","name":"Skin cancer (all types)","route":"/cancers/skin-cancer/"}]}}