{"entity":{"id":"nci-target","kind":"collection","name":"TARGET (Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments)","aka":["TARGET","NCI TARGET","TARGET initiative","phs000218"],"tldr":"A US National Cancer Institute programme, begun in 2007, that read the genes of thousands of childhood cancers, mostly leukaemias, neuroblastoma, kidney and bone tumours, to find the changes that drive them. The data are shared with researchers everywhere.","summary":"NCI describes TARGET as a programme that applied a comprehensive genomic approach to the molecular changes driving childhood cancers, to guide more effective, less toxic therapies. It began forming in 2007 with two pilot projects on high-risk subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and neuroblastoma, then expanded to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), osteosarcoma and selected kidney tumours, with many members of the Children's Oncology Group providing clinical expertise and tissue. NCI's table gives cases characterised: ALL 1,802 (including 115 acute leukaemias of ambiguous lineage), AML 2,145, neuroblastoma 1,132, Wilms tumour 652, osteosarcoma 383, rhabdoid tumour 69 and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney 13. A Pan-Cancer Model Systems arm produced leukaemia, kidney-tumour and neuroblastoma cell lines and xenografts, and whole-exome sequencing for 131 models of NCI's Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program.\n\nNCI credits TARGET researchers with major advances in understanding ALL that led to new therapies using kinase inhibitors for some patients, including work on the Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) subtype. The data are at the Genomic Data Commons under dbGaP study phs000218.","asOf":"2026-11-04","links":[{"label":"TARGET (Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments)","url":"https://www.cancer.gov/ccg/research/genome-sequencing/target"}],"tags":[],"related":["tcga-gdc","cancer-models"],"cancers":["all-leukemia","aml","neuroblastoma","wilms-tumor","osteosarcoma","atrt"],"sections":[],"technologies":["biobanking"],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":["childrens-oncology-group"],"institutions":["nci"],"pathways":[],"terms":["ph-like-all","controlled-access-data","ngs"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":["NCI's page attributes Ph-like ALL to 'an activated tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL)'. Ph-like ALL is by definition BCR::ABL1-negative with a kinase-activating lesion that mimics it (see OnCo's ph-like-all record), so that sentence is not repeated; NCI's further statement that imatinib added to intensive chemotherapy improves outcome is not reproduced because the page cites no trial.","Rhabdoid tumour is linked to atrt because NCI names intracranial rhabdoid tumours among those characterised; kidney rhabdoid tumours and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney have no cancer record in OnCo."],"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/ccg/research/genome-sequencing/target","holds":"Genomic and transcriptomic data from childhood cancers: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (1,802 cases), acute myeloid leukaemia (2,145), neuroblastoma (1,132), Wilms tumour (652), osteosarcoma (383), rhabdoid tumour (69) and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (13), plus cell line and xenograft models.","license":"Controlled access through dbGaP (phs000218 and sub-studies phs000463-phs000471); data served by the NCI Genomic Data Commons","maintainer":"National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics"},"route":"/collections/nci-target/","neighbours":{"collection":[{"id":"cancer-models","kind":"collection","name":"Cancer Models (PDCM Finder) & HCMI","route":"/collections/cancer-models/"},{"id":"tcga-gdc","kind":"collection","name":"TCGA / NCI Genomic Data Commons","route":"/collections/tcga-gdc/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"all-leukemia","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","route":"/cancers/all-leukemia/"},{"id":"aml","kind":"cancer","name":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","route":"/cancers/aml/"},{"id":"atrt","kind":"cancer","name":"Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (ATRT)","route":"/cancers/atrt/"},{"id":"neuroblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Neuroblastoma (paediatric)","route":"/cancers/neuroblastoma/"},{"id":"osteosarcoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Osteosarcoma","route":"/cancers/osteosarcoma/"},{"id":"wilms-tumor","kind":"cancer","name":"Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma)","route":"/cancers/wilms-tumor/"}],"technology":[{"id":"biobanking","kind":"technology","name":"Biobanking and tissue procurement","route":"/technologies/biobanking/"}],"company":[{"id":"childrens-oncology-group","kind":"company","name":"Children's Oncology Group (COG)","route":"/companies/childrens-oncology-group/"}],"institution":[{"id":"nci","kind":"institution","name":"National Cancer Institute (NIH)","route":"/institutions/nci/"}],"term":[{"id":"controlled-access-data","kind":"term","name":"Controlled-access genomic data (dbGaP, EGA)","route":"/terms/controlled-access-data/"},{"id":"ngs","kind":"term","name":"Next-generation sequencing (NGS)","route":"/terms/ngs/"},{"id":"ph-like-all","kind":"term","name":"Ph-like (BCR::ABL1-like) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","route":"/terms/ph-like-all/"}]}}