{"entity":{"id":"paper-albrecht-pdl1-western-gallbladder-cancers-2021","kind":"paper","name":"Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an independent negative prognosticator in Western-world gallbladder cancer","aka":[],"tldr":"In 131 German gallbladder cancers about one in seven had PD-L1 on tumour cells and fewer than one in twenty had a lot; high PD-L1 marked poorly differentiated tumours and shorter survival, and a second checkpoint, TIGIT, was present in some.","summary":"PD-L1 was assessed immunohistochemically in 131 gallbladder cancer patients as tumour proportion score (TPS), immune cell score and combined positive score. Tumour cells expressed PD-L1 in 14.7% of patients at a TPS cut-off of 1%; TPS above 10% and 25% was reached in 4.7% and 3.1%. At the 10% cut-off, TPS was associated with distinct histomorphological subtypes and poor differentiation.\n\nSurvival analysis showed a TPS above 10% to be a highly significant and independent negative prognosticator. PD-L1 expression was associated with increased CD4-positive, CD8-positive and PD-1-positive immune cell densities. In 14.8% of cases scattered immune cells expressed TIGIT, correlated with tumour expression of its ligand CD155.","asOf":"2026-09-24","links":[{"label":"Albrecht et al., Cancers 2021: PD-L1 in 131 Western gallbladder cancers","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071682"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33918309/"}],"tags":[],"related":[],"cancers":["gallbladder"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":["pdl1","pd1"],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["ihc","tils"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":["cancers-mdpi"],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Cancers","year":2021,"doi":"10.3390/cancers13071682","pmid":"33918309","authors":"Albrecht T, Brinkmann F, Albrecht M, et al.","paperType":"observational","findings":["PD-L1 TPS 1% or more in 14.7%, above 10% in 4.7%, above 25% in 3.1% of 131 Western gallbladder cancers.","TPS above 10% an independent negative prognostic factor, linked to poor differentiation and denser CD4, CD8 and PD-1 infiltrates.","TIGIT on scattered immune cells in 14.8%, correlated with tumoral CD155."],"whatItMeans":"The Western counterpart to the Indian series, with lower rates and a prognostic signal in the opposite direction from what immunotherapy enthusiasts might hope. The TIGIT and CD155 finding names a second checkpoint for future trials.","caveats":["Single German centre; 131 patients.","Scoring systems and clone differ from the Indian study, so the rates are not directly comparable."],"changedPractice":false,"participants":131},"route":"/key-papers/paper-albrecht-pdl1-western-gallbladder-cancers-2021/","neighbours":{"cancer":[{"id":"gallbladder","kind":"cancer","name":"Gallbladder cancer","route":"/cancers/gallbladder/"}],"target":[{"id":"pd1","kind":"target","name":"PD-1","route":"/targets/pd1/"},{"id":"pdl1","kind":"target","name":"PD-L1","route":"/targets/pdl1/"}],"term":[{"id":"ihc","kind":"term","name":"Immunohistochemistry (IHC)","route":"/terms/ihc/"},{"id":"tils","kind":"term","name":"Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)","route":"/terms/tils/"}],"journal":[{"id":"cancers-mdpi","kind":"journal","name":"Cancers","route":"/journals/cancers-mdpi/"}],"biomarker":[{"id":"pd-l1-cps","kind":"biomarker","name":"PD-L1 CPS (combined positive score)","route":"/biomarkers/pd-l1-cps/"},{"id":"pd-l1-tps","kind":"biomarker","name":"PD-L1 TPS (tumour proportion score)","route":"/biomarkers/pd-l1-tps/"}]}}