{"entity":{"id":"paper-bauer-triple-negative-california-registry-cancer-2007","kind":"paper","name":"Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry","aka":[],"tldr":"The 2007 population study of 6,370 Californian women that fixed the demographics of triple-negative breast cancer: younger, more often Black or Hispanic, poorer, diagnosed later and with worse survival at every stage; Black women with late-stage disease had 14 percent five-year survival.","summary":"Bauer, Brown, Cress, Parise and colleagues used California Cancer Registry data to identify women diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer between 1999 and 2003 and compared 6,370 triple-negative cases with 44,704 other breast cancers by age, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, stage, grade and relative survival. Women with triple-negative cancers were more likely to be under 40 (odds ratio 1.53), non-Hispanic Black (1.77) or Hispanic (1.23). Regardless of stage, they had poorer survival than women with other breast cancers, and non-Hispanic Black women with late-stage triple-negative disease had the poorest survival of any group, a five-year relative survival of 14 percent.","asOf":"2026-09-24","links":[{"label":"Cancer 2007","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22618"},{"label":"PubMed","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17387718/"}],"tags":["tnbc-evidence"],"related":["paper-carey-race-breast-cancer-subtypes-cbcs-jama-2006","paper-scott-tnbc-disparities-uscs-cancer-2019"],"cancers":["tnbc"],"sections":[],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":[],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":["b-trial-diversity","b-global-access"],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"journal":"Cancer","year":2007,"doi":"10.1002/cncr.22618","pmid":"17387718","authors":"Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, et al.","paperType":"observational","findings":["6,370 triple-negative vs 44,704 other breast cancers, California 1999 to 2003.","Odds ratios: age under 40 1.53; non-Hispanic Black 1.77; Hispanic 1.23.","Poorer survival regardless of stage; five-year relative survival 14 percent for non-Hispanic Black women with late-stage disease."],"whatItMeans":"The first registry-scale description of the disparity that every later triple-negative disparity paper confirms; the phrase so-called triple-negative phenotype in the title marks the moment the term entered population science.","caveats":["HER2 status recorded by registries in 1999 to 2003 was incomplete and methods varied.","Socioeconomic status measured at area level."],"changedPractice":false,"participants":51074},"route":"/key-papers/paper-bauer-triple-negative-california-registry-cancer-2007/","neighbours":{"paper":[{"id":"paper-carey-race-breast-cancer-subtypes-cbcs-jama-2006","kind":"paper","name":"Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study","route":"/key-papers/paper-carey-race-breast-cancer-subtypes-cbcs-jama-2006/"},{"id":"paper-dent-tnbc-clinical-features-recurrence-ccr-2007","kind":"paper","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence","route":"/key-papers/paper-dent-tnbc-clinical-features-recurrence-ccr-2007/"},{"id":"paper-scott-tnbc-disparities-uscs-cancer-2019","kind":"paper","name":"Update on triple-negative breast cancer disparities for the United States: A population-based study from the United States Cancer Statistics database, 2010 through 2014","route":"/key-papers/paper-scott-tnbc-disparities-uscs-cancer-2019/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"tnbc","kind":"cancer","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)","route":"/cancers/tnbc/"}],"bottleneck":[{"id":"b-global-access","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Most of the world has almost no cancer care","route":"/bottlenecks/b-global-access/"},{"id":"b-trial-diversity","kind":"bottleneck","name":"Trials do not represent the people who get cancer","route":"/bottlenecks/b-trial-diversity/"}],"roadmap":[{"id":"tnbc-roadmap","kind":"roadmap","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem","route":"/roadmaps/tnbc-roadmap/"}],"idea":[{"id":"idea-tnbc-disparities-in-access-and-outcomes","kind":"idea","name":"Close the gap between who gets triple-negative breast cancer and who is in its trials","route":"/ideas/idea-tnbc-disparities-in-access-and-outcomes/"}]}}